scholarly journals The effects of wine consumption on cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors: a narrative review

OENO One ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Louis Teissedre ◽  
Creina Stockley ◽  
Mladen Boban ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruf ◽  
Marta Ortiz Alba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Accumulating evidence suggests that regular moderate consumption of wine can positively influence risk factors associated with cardiovascular health. These effects are often attributed to grape and wine-derived phenolic compounds and their effects on risk factors such as atherosclerosis, for which mechanisms have been clearly identified, such as a decrease in the oxidation of LDL-cholesterol and reduction of oxidative stress, and an increase in nitric oxide and related restoration of endothelial function. In addition, the ethanol component of wine increases HDL-cholesterol, inhibits platelet aggregation, promotes fibrinolysis and reduces systemic inflammation. Scientific research needs to be conducted, however, before we can begin to provide science-based dietary recommendations, although there is sufficient evidence to generally recommend consuming food sources rich in bioactive compounds such as wine in moderation. This narrative review examines published evidence on the cardioprotective effects associated with wine-derived compounds, with a primary focus on the development and progression of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.

Physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Twisk ◽  
Isabel Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Apo B

The incidence of morbidity and mortality related to CVD is rather low in a paediatric population. Studies investigating the relationship between physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health in children and adolescents are therefore mostly limited to CVD risk factors as outcome measures. For this reason, this chapter will focus on the association of physical activity and physical fitness with CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. These risk factors can be divided into the so-called traditional CVD risk factors; that is, lipoproteins [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG)], blood pressure, body fatness, and diabetes, and ‘new’ CVD risk factors; that is, other lipoproteins [lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), apolipoprotein (apo)B, and apoA-1], coagulation and inflammation markers [fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP)], homocysteine, and heart rate variability.

scholarly journals Silent coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes: a narrative review on epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saula Vigili de Kreutzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Silent Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Silent coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the manifestations of heart disease that particularly affects subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From a clinical point of view, silent CAD represents a constant challenge for the diabetologist, who has to decide whether a patient could or could not be screened for this disease. In the present narrative review, several aspects of silent CAD are considered: the epidemiology of the disease, the associated risk factors, and main studies conducted, in the last 20 years, especially aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of the screening of silent CAD, to improve cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

Abstract 09: The Health Freedom Path to Wellness Program: A Novel Educational and Behavioral Intervention to Promote Cardiovascular Health Equity

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanjala S Purnell ◽  
Ina Glenn-Smith ◽  
Sunjae Bae ◽  
Grecia Vargas ◽  
Anika L Hines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Wellness Program ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: African Americans (AAs) and adults living in urban communities continue to experience disproportionately high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, obesity) despite decades of recognition of these disparities. Methods: The Health Freedom Path to Wellness Program is an innovative community-based educational and behavioral intervention to reduce disparities in CVD risk factors. The goal of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Circle of Friends (COF) educational and social support component of the Health Freedom intervention. The Health Freedom-COF incorporated six weekly one-hour long sessions led by lay health workers trained in CVD health education based on the AHA’s Simple 7 guidelines, blood pressure (BP) measurement, physical activity, and behavior change strategies, and culminated in a 5K celebration walk that gives participants an opportunity to learn about Maryland’s important role in the Underground Railroad. Results: Study participants included 353 adults in Maryland (93% AAs, mean age: 53 years; 85% female; and 35% with annual incomes <$50,000). At baseline, mean BP(SD) was 127.4 (17.6)/77.1 (10.8) mmHg; mean weight in pounds (SD) was 191.6 (45.2); 43.1% had diagnosed hypertension, and 15.0% had diabetes. Compared with their pre-intervention assessments, adults who completed the intervention experienced an average reduction of -5.2 mm Hg systolic blood pressure (95% CI: 4.1-6.3, p<0.001) and -3.3 mm Hg diastolic BP (95% CI: 2.5-4.1, p<0.001). At baseline, only 3.3% of participants reported a weekly consumption of 5+ fruit servings; 5.9% reported 5+ vegetable servings, and 12.8% reported 5+ days of physical activity. However, after completing the program, 22.4% of participants reported a weekly consumption of 5+ fruit servings; 28.6% reported 5+ vegetable servings, and 46.7% reported 5+ days of physical activity. Conclusions: The Health Freedom educational and behavioral intervention was associated with improvements in blood pressure, diet, and physical activity among socially at-risk adults.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of a 5-week low-glycaemic index regimen on weight control and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight non-diabetic subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1288-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis de Rougemont ◽  
Sylvie Normand ◽  
Julie-Anne Nazare ◽  
Michael R. Skilton ◽  
Monique Sothier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Hunger Sensation

The glycaemic index (GI) has been developed in order to classify food according to the postprandial glycaemic response. This parameter is of interest, especially for people prone to glucose intolerance; however, the effects of a low-GI (LGI) diet on body weight, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism remain controversial. We studied the effects of either a LGI or high-GI (HGI) diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight, non-diabetic subjects. The study was a randomized 5-week intervention trial. The thirty-eight subjects (BMI 27·3 (sem0·2) kg/m2) followed an intervention diet in which usual starch was replacedad libitumwith either LGI or HGI starch. Mean body weight decrease was significant in the LGI group ( − 1·1 (sEM0·3) kg,P = 0·004) and was significantly greater than in the HGI group ( − 0·3 (sEM0·2) kg,P = 0·04 between groups). Hunger sensation scales showed a trend towards a decrease in hunger sensation before lunch and dinner in the LGI group when compared with the HGI group (P = 0·09). No significant increase in insulin sensitivity was noticed. The LGI diet also decreased total cholesterol by 9·6 % (P < 0·001), LDL-cholesterol by 8·6 % (P = 0·01) and both LDL-:HDL-cholesterol ratio (10·1 %,P = 0·003) and total:HDL-cholesterol ratio (8·5 %,P = 0·001) while no significant changes were observed in the HGI group. Lowering the GI of daily meals with simple dietary recommendations results in increased weight loss and improved lipid profile and is relatively easy to implement with few constraints. These potential benefits of consuming a LGI diet can be useful to develop practical dietetic advice.

scholarly journals DNA methylation in the APOE gene: its link with Alzheimer’s and cardiovascular health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jure Mur ◽  
Daniel L. McCartney ◽  
Rosie M. Walker ◽  
Archie Campbell ◽  
Mairead L. Bermingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Generation Scotland ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractGenetic variation in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). DNA methylation at APOE has been linked to altered cognition and AD. It is unclear if epigenetic marks could be used for predicting future disease. We assessed blood-based DNA methylation at 13 CpGs in the APOE gene in 5828 participants from the Generation Scotland (GS) cohort. Using linear regression, we examined the relationship between APOE methylation, cognition, cholesterol, and the risks for AD and CVD. DNA methylation at two CpGs was associated with the ratio of total-to-HDL cholesterol, but not with cognition, or the risks of AD or CVD. APOE methylation could be involved in the levels of blood cholesterol, but there is no evidence for the utility of APOE methylation as a biomarker for predicting AD or CVD.

scholarly journals Occupational exposures and associated risk factors among U.S. casino workers: a narrative review

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Miller Clouser ◽  
◽  
John C. Flunker ◽  
Jennifer E. Swanberg ◽  
Gail Betz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Dietary Therapeutical Approaches with a Special Focus on Nutraceuticals (Polyphenols): A Mini-Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0113-0123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ríos-Hoyo ◽  
María J. Cortés ◽  
Huguette Ríos-Ontiveros ◽  
Eduardo Meaney ◽  
Guillermo Ceballos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Total Fat

More than half of all global deaths in 2010 were related to non-communicable diseases, including obesity, cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular illnesses. It has been suggested that the alarming increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease is the epidemiologic result of a nutrition transition characterized by dietary patterns featuring an increase in the intake of total fat, cholesterol, sugars, and other refined carbohydrates, concomitant with low consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber. Although traditional dietary approaches have proven successful as part of the treatment for obesity and cardiometabolic derangements within clinical trial scenarios, they lack effectiveness in the long term, mainly due to poor compliance. Research has thus turned its attention to nutraceutics, nutrients that have the ability to modulate physiological and pathophysiological molecular mechanisms, thus resulting in favorable health outcomes. Polyphenols have been considered as among the bioactive molecules as they are thought to yield beneficial effects by exerting antioxidant activity; however, there are other - and even more robust - metabolic pathways through which polyphenols enhance cardiovascular health, such as via promoting vasodilatory, anti-atherogenic, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. No standard dose has yet been determined, as the effects greatly vary among polyphenols and food sources; thus, there is an imperative need to generate more evidence in order to support dietary recommendations aimed at the prevention and therapeutics of obesity and its associated cardiometabolic diseases.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN A RURAL COMMUNITY; A HOME-BASED SCREENING

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Shanmuga Sundaram Rajagopal ◽  
Krishnaveni Kandasamy ◽  
Amrita Prasad ◽  
Anjana Surendran ◽  
Anne Christy Sebastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Patient Counseling ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Nutrition Screening ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Objective: The prevalence of anemia is disproportionately high in developing countries due to poverty, inadequate diet, certain diseases, pregnancy and lactation, and poor access to health services. It is a risk factor for cardiovascular health and early death in adult.  To estimate the prevalence of anemia and its associated risk factors in a rural a community in India.Methodology: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, an observational house-to-house survey was conducted for a period of 6 months, by screening for anemia, using digital strip type hemoglobin meter. Result: Out of 200 people, 146 were anemic of which 77 were with mild anemia, 67 with moderate anemia and only 3 had severe anemia. There were more number of anemic patients in the group of normal and underweight (Normal=86, 58.90%; Underweight=27, 18.49%) than that of overweight and obese (Overweight=22, 15.06%; Obese=11, 7.53%). The newly diagnosed cases of anemia were 138 and previously diagnosed cases of anemia were 8. Out of 146 anemic populations, 13 were hyperlipidemics, 20 were hypertensives, 18 were diabetics, 5 were thyroid patients and 4 were cardiac patients. Conclusion: This screening program helps to diagnose anemia in a selected population and benefit avoiding further complications by offering adequate patient counseling. Study population was enriched with information on nutrition intake and importance of maintaining hemoglobin concentration at normal level in day-to-day life of an individual.Keywords: Anemia, Nutrition, Screening, Hemoglobin.

Leukemias

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha S. Linet ◽  
Lindsay M. Morton ◽  
Susan S. Devesa ◽  
Graça M. Dores
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoid Neoplasms ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

The 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms categorized “the leukemias” into two major groupings—myeloid and lymphoid. Myeloid neoplasms, which are the primary focus of this chapter, include acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Lymphoid neoplasms are mostly reviewed as part of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Chapter 40 of this volume, although descriptive patterns and selected etiologic studies are briefly discussed in this chapter because of historical trends. Worldwide, leukemias are ranked eleventh among all cancer types, comprising approximately 2.5% of all malignancies. Exposure to ionizing radiation and certain chemical carcinogens (e.g., cytotoxic chemotherapy, benzene, formaldehyde) are the most consistently associated risk factors for MDS and/or AML. Radiation has been linked with CML, and cigarette smoking with AML. Fewer risk factors have been identified for MPNs. Some evidence implicates increased risks of AML in rubber workers, farmers, and other agricultural workers.

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