scholarly journals Assessment of colour and tannin extraction in Tempranillo and Cabernet-Sauvignon using small-scale fermentation vessels

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-160
Author(s):  
Antoni Sánchez-Ortiz ◽  
Montserrat Nadal-Roquet Jalmar ◽  
Miriam Lampreave-Figueras ◽  
Josep Maria Mateo-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Vessel Volume ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
High Repeatability ◽  
Tannin Extraction ◽  
Volume Size

Researchers typically perform winemaking experiments using small volumes of grapes. This study examined which small-vessel volume (10, 25, 50 and 100 L) gives better repeatability during red winemaking extraction of colour and tannin in research studies. Few studies have actually evaluated the repeatability of small-scale fermentations using two varieties of different phenolic potential: Tempranillo and Cabernet-Sauvignon. We investigated how volume size may affect the composition of colour and tannins for these two varieties and result in potentially different phenolic contents. Furthermore, for each variety, we compared the small scale vessel with a commercial fermentation using a 2.500 L capacity. 50 L tanks resulted in optimum extraction of phenols and colour. High repeatability was observed for alcohol content, pH and total acidity, anthocyanins, and procyanidins for both varieties amongst vessel sizes. Kinetics of fermentation performed faster in big berry driven grapes (Tempranillo) regardless of the volume. Instead, for small berry grapes (Cabernet-Sauvignon), vessel size affected the kinetics or fermentation and therefore the extraction can be altered. Very high repeatability for the alcohol by volume, pH and total acidity (CV ≤ 7 %) as well as anthocyanins and procyanidins by HPLC (15 % ≤ CV ≤ 20 %) for both varieties in all volume sizes. This research provides a solid basis for validating the reproducibility of small-scale fermentations of two red grapevines with different phenolic potential and sheds new light on the potential and limitations of small-scale winemaking.

scholarly journals The kinetics of nutritional quality changes during winter jujube slices drying process

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Yubao Niu ◽  
Shiyu Wei ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Yongzhen Zang ◽  
Yuxue Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Weibull Model ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Air Impingement ◽  
Weibull Models ◽  
Kinetics Of

The purpose of this research is to investigate the kinetics of nutrient quality (Vitamin C (Vc), reducing sugar and total acidity) change of winter jujube slices that under different drying temperatures (55, 60, 65 and 70?) and different air velocities (3, 6 and 9m/s) during the air-impingement drying process. Results showed that the content of Vc, reducing sugar and total acidity decreased with increasing drying time. Furthermore, analysis of variances indicated that the drying temperature, air velocity and time had a significant effect on the loss of Vc, reducing sugar and total acidity (p<0.05). Zero order, first order and Weibull models were used to fit the experimental data, Weibull model was considered as the most suitable one to the degradation kinetics of Vc, reducing sugar and total acidity in dried samples at different temperatures and air velocities. According to the Arrhenius formula, the activation energy of Vc, reducing sugar and total acidity degradation kinetics were 63.78 kJ/mol, 36.48 kJ/mol and 153.51 kJ/mol, respectively. This research can provide some references for enhancing dried products quality in the jujube drying industry.

scholarly journals Investigation of interaction of particles of pollution and gas bulb in flotation of wastewater waters

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01032
Author(s):  
Elena Nazimko ◽  
Sergei Malko ◽  
Anna Semenova ◽  
Vladimir Dorovskoy
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Discrete Elements ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Discrete Elements Method

The interaction of phases is at the basis of many technologies in different industries. Flotation method is used in wastewater treatment plants to capture and remove contaminants from wastewater. In this case, the interaction of air bubbles with particles of pollution with a hydrophobic surface. These interactions are very difficult to investigate because they are dynamic, subject to a large number of physical and chemical factors, and occur on a small scale. The processes mentioned above have traditionally been studied by laboratory experiments. These tests are tedious and time-consuming and show unsatisfactory accuracy. Analytical studies give idealized results. One of the most powerful alternatives for solving this problem is numerical modeling, which combines dynamics, accuracy and consideration of sophisticated details. This model is based on the discrete elements method. In this paper, a computer model for modeling the kinetics of the interaction of phases in wastewater treatment is considered.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Kinetics of Swimming Pool Water Reaction in Analytical Device Reproducing Its Circulation on a Small Scale

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kaczmarek ◽  
Jarosław Panasiuk ◽  
Szymon Borys ◽  
Aneta Pobudkowska ◽  
Mikołaj Majsterek
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Analytical Device

The most common cause of diseases in swimming pools is the lack of sanitary control of water quality; water may contain microbiological and chemical contaminants. Among the people most at risk of infection are children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised people. The origin of the problem is a need to develop a system that can predict the formation of chlorine water disinfection by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs). THMs are volatile organic compounds from the group of alkyl halides, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and bioaccumulating. Long-term exposure, even to low concentrations of THM in water and air, may result in damage to the liver, kidneys, thyroid gland, or nervous system. This article focuses on analysis of the kinetics of swimming pool water reaction in analytical device reproducing its circulation on a small scale. The designed and constructed analytical device is based on the SIMATIC S7-1200 PLC driver of SIEMENS Company. The HMI KPT panel of SIEMENS Company enables monitoring the process and control individual elements of device. Value of the reaction rate constant of free chlorine decomposition gives us qualitative information about water quality, it is also strictly connected to the kinetics of the reaction. Based on the experiment results, the value of reaction rate constant was determined as a linear change of the natural logarithm of free chlorine concentration over time. The experimental value of activation energy based on the directional coefficient is equal to 76.0 [kJ×mol−1]. These results indicate that changing water temperature does not cause any changes in the reaction rate, while it still affects the value of the reaction rate constant. Using the analytical device, it is possible to constantly monitor the values of reaction rate constant and activation energy, which can be used to develop a new way to assess pool water quality.

Kinetics of accumulation of scattered damage in polycrystalline materials with various grain sizes under small-scale strain conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Lebedev ◽  
V. P. Lamashevskii ◽  
N. R. Muzyka ◽  
V. P. Shvets ◽  
E. V. Efimenko
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Scattered Damage ◽  
Kinetics Of

Damping Mechanism of Crack in Near Field from the Blasting Point

2010 ◽  
Vol 29-32 ◽  
pp. 784-789
Author(s):  
Ning Qiang ◽  
Fang Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Industrial Test ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Blasting Vibration ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Damping Effect ◽  
On Line ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Line Repair

In controlled blasting, pre-cracks are often used to reduce the blasting vibration hazards. In this paper, with the engineering of 3 # on-line repair in one large iron and steel group in China, the kinetics of the steady one-dimensional shock wave, transmitting through the pre-cracks in near field from the blasting piont, were analyzed. And the damping effect was calculated too. Small-scale industrial test was conducted. These provide a reference for the blasting design.

scholarly journals Flash Pyrolysis Kinetics of Extracted Lignocellulosic Biomass Components

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Pielsticker ◽  
Benjamin Gövert ◽  
Kentaro Umeki ◽  
Reinhold Kneer
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Drop Tube ◽  
Pyrolysis Kinetics ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Step Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Kinetics Of

Biomass is a complex material mainly composed of the three lignocellulosic components: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The different molecular structures of the individual components result in various decomposition mechanisms during the pyrolysis process. To understand the underlying reactions in more detail, the individual components can be extracted from the biomass and can then be investigated separately. In this work, the pyrolysis kinetics of extracted and purified cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are examined experimentally in a small-scale fluidized bed reactor (FBR) under N2 pyrolysis conditions. The FBR provides high particle heating rates (approx. 104 K/s) at medium temperatures (573–973 K) with unlimited reaction time and thus complements typically used thermogravimetric analyzers (TGA, low heating rate) and drop tube reactors (high temperature and heating rate). Based on the time-dependent gas concentrations of 22 species, the release rates of these species as well as the overall rate of volatiles released are calculated. A single first-order (SFOR) reaction model and a 2-step model combined with Arrhenius kinetics are calibrated for all three components individually. Considering FBR and additional TGA experiments, different reaction regimes with different activation energies could be identified. By using dimensionless pyrolysis numbers, limits due to reaction kinetics and heat transfer could be determined. The evaluation of the overall model performance revealed model predictions within the ±2σ standard deviation band for cellulose and hemicellulose. For lignin, only the 2-step model gave satisfying results. Modifications to the SFOR model (yield restriction to primary pyrolysis peak or the assumption of distributed reactivity) were found to be promising approaches for the description of flash pyrolysis behavior, which will be further investigated in the future.

scholarly journals CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM DOS RESÍDUOS DA AGROINDÚSTRIA PROCESSADORA DE POLPA DE FRUTAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Bruno Fonsêca Feitosa ◽  
Emanuel Neto Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Juvêncio Olegário de Oliveira Neto ◽  
Danielle Bezerra de Oliveira ◽  
Regilane Marques Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pulp Processing ◽  
Kinetics Of

CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM DOS RESÍDUOS DA AGROINDÚSTRIA PROCESSADORA DE POLPA DE FRUTAS   BRUNO FONSÊCA FEITOSA1; EMANUEL NETO ALVES DE OLIVEIRA2; JUVÊNCIO OLEGÁRIO DE OLIVEIRA NETO3; DANIELLE BEZERRA DE OLIVEIRA4; REGILANE MARQUES FEITOSA5   1Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (Rua Jairo Vieira Feitosa, n. 1770, Pereiros, 58840-000, Pombal, Paraíba, Brasil), [email protected] 2Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Rua Portugal, n. 260, Nações Unidas, Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil), [email protected] 3Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (Rua Pe. Amâncio Leite, n. 313, Centro, 58840-000, Pombal, Paraíba, Brasil), [email protected] 4Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Ab. Independência, n. 808, Bela Vista, 59900-000, Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil), [email protected] 5Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (Rua José de Alencar, n. 451, 63050-310, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brasil), [email protected]   RESUMO: O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de frutas do mundo. No entanto, a agroindústria processadora de polpa de frutas gera diversos resíduos, como cascas, talos e sementes, que muitas vezes são desperdiçados, mas podem ser utilizados como ingredientes para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a cinética de secagem e a qualidade físico-química dos resíduos da agroindústria processadora de polpa de frutas. Com isso, determinou-se a cinética de secagem de cinco resíduos agroindustriais (manga, abacaxi, acerola, goiaba e graviola), os quais foram submetidos as análises físico-químicas (umidade, extrato seco, cinzas, acidez total titulável, pH e atividade de água) antes e após a secagem em estufa com circulação forçada de ar, a 60 °C. Os resultados obtidos foram tratados, através de Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado em esquema fatorial, aplicando Análise de Variância e comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Observou-se bons ajustes (R2>0,98) na cinética de secagem. Após a secagem, a maioria dos resíduos apresentaram redução nos parâmetros físico-químicos de umidade, atividade de água e pH, bem como aumento do extrato seco, cinzas e acidez total. Infere-se que o resíduo de graviola e goiaba indicaram melhores respostas às condições experimentais empregadas, requerendo ainda o estudo da variação de temperatura de secagem e avaliação da estabilidade física, química e microbiológica.   Palavras-chaves: desidratação, farinhas vegetais, qualidade físico-química   KINETICS OF DRYING WASTE FROM FRUIT PULP PROCESSING AGROINDUSTRY   ABSTRACT: The fruits pulp processing industry generates wastes as barks, stalks and seeds, which are often wasted, but can be used as ingredients for development of new food productsThe aim of this work was to evaluate the drying kinetics and the physicochemical quality of residues from the fruits pulp processing industry. The drying kinetics of five agroindustrial residues (mango, pineapple, acerola, guava and graviola) were determined, which were submitted to physical-chemical analyzes (moisture, dry extract, ash, total acidity, pH and activity of water) before and after oven drying with forced air circulation at 60°C. The results were evaluated using a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme, applying Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and comparison of means by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. Good adjustments (R2>0.98) were observed for drying kinetics. After drying, most of the residues showed a reduction in the physical-chemical parameters of moisture, water activity and pH, as well as increase of dry extract, ashes and total acidity. It is inferred that graviola and guava residue indicated better responses to experimental imposed conditions, also requiring the rying temperature variation study and physical evaluation, chemical and microbiological stability. Keywords: dehydration, vegetable flours, physical-chemical quality

scholarly journals STUDY THE GROWTH KINETICS OF PEDIOCOCCUS ACIDILACTICI WITH ESTIMATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS AND APPLIED IN LARGE SCALE PEDIOCIN PRODUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Barnali Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pediococcus Acidilactici ◽  
Monod Model ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of the study was to determine the growth kinetics of Pediococcus acidilactici using a mathematical model for large scale pediocinproduction.Methods: Growth kinetics of P. acidilactici has been studied for pediocin production in small scale batch fermenter (Erlenmeyer flask) using meatprocessing waste medium. The experiments have been conducted with varying the concentrations of glucose, protein, and lactic acid. A mathematicalmodel has been developed to describe growth rate, products (pediocin and lactic acid) formation rate, and substrates (glucose and protein) utilizationrate. Monod model for dual substrates (glucose and protein) has been used with considering lactic acid inhibition. Luedeking-Piret model has beenintroduced to describe the production of pediocin and lactic acid.Results: The values of kinetic parameters have been determined using experimental data and model equations. The model prediction has beencompared satisfactorily with the experimental data for the validation of the model.Conclusions: The developed model was satisfactorily validated to scale up the production of pediocin.Keywords: Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediocin, Meat processing waste, Monod model, Luedeking-Piret model, Kinetic parameters.

Inhibition Kinetics of Iron Oxidation by Leptospirillum ferriphilum to Residual Thiocyanate Present in Bioremediated Cyanidation Tailings Wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 350-353
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Edward ◽  
Athanasios Kotsiopoulos ◽  
Susan T.L. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inhibition Kinetics ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Leptospirillum Ferriphilum ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Process Operation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Inhibition of iron oxidation by Leptospirillum ferriphilum in the presence of thiocyanate (SCN-) was studied in small-scale batch experiments. The L. ferriphilum culture was challenged with SCN- over a range of 0 mg/l to 10 mg/l. The data showed that L. ferriphilum was able to utilise ferrous iron at low-level concentrations of SCN- (0.25 mg/l to 1.75 mg/l), however exhibited a reduction in oxidation rate relative to the control (0 mg/l). Moreover, introduction of SCN- at low-level concentrations resulted in a lag in iron oxidation activity, specifically at concentrations of 1 mg/l, 1.25 mg/l and 1.75 mg/l. No iron oxidation was observed at SCN- concentrations above 1.75 mg/l, indicating complete inhibition. As L. ferriphilum is the dominant iron oxidising bacteria within biooxidation tanks, evidence of sustained iron oxidation activity at low-level SCN- concentrations affirms the potential of recycling bioremediated cyanidation wastewater within biooxidation circuits in bioprocesses for gold recovery from sulfidic minerals as residual SCN- concentrations in remediated effluent are reportedly lower than 0.25 mg/l. The inhibition kinetics of this system need to be explored further in order to develop a deeper understanding of the system such that it may be applied to inform process operation.

scholarly journals Kinetics of the Polyphenolic Content and Radical Scavenging Capacity in Olives through On-Tree Ripening

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Gouvinhas ◽  
Raúl Domínguez-Perles ◽  
Amadeo Gironés-Vilaplana ◽  
Teresa Carvalho ◽  
Nelson Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Kinetics Of

Olive fruits, as well as their corresponding oil, represent an interesting source of phytochemicals, mainly phenolic compounds, which arise as secondary metabolites, resulting from the plant’s response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, olive fruits from three distinct cultivars (“Cobrançosa,” “Galega Vulgar,” and “Picual”) grown in Portugal and displaying different degree of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses have been studied in relation to the concentration of total phenolic compounds, orthodiphenols and flavonoids, besides antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ORACFL), in three maturation stages and two distinct harvest seasons (2012-2013). Generally, a decrease of all phenolic contents throughout the maturation stages has been observed, while, concerning cultivar, green olives of “Cobrançosa” showed the highest values for all contents assessed, denoting a strong influence of the genetic background. The same trend has not been observed regarding antioxidant activity, since Cobrançosa and Galega Vulgar cultivars presented the highest values only for the DPPH and ORACFL assays. Moreover, multivariate analyses pointed to the preponderance of the cultivars’ phenolic composition in the semiripe stage for the resistance to biotic stress, with “Galega” the most susceptible cultivar, presenting the lowest contents at this maturation stage, whereas “Picual” displayed the most pronounced phytochemical response.

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