scholarly journals SAHNYA PERKAWINAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN DITINJAU DARI HUKUM PERJANJIAN

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trusto Subekti
Keyword(s):  
Family Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Arranged Marriage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Regulatory Aspects ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

Legal certainty is an indicator for a legal into good legal category, the fact about  the validity of marriage has led a multi interpretation among the experts and the society, especially among Muslims. This is shown in the society members statement that "the secret marriage" as a valid marriage according to religious even it is not listed. " Arranged marriage in a society is intended to solve problems within the scope of family law and marriage, not to create new problems in society. the problem is how the legitimacy of the marriage law seen from the viewpoint of the agreement, with expectations  to obtain certainty about the right interpretation of the validity of marriage, so the confusion about the validity of a marriage can be resolved. Seen from the viewpoint of the legal agreements, Marriage included in family laws agreements and according to the provisions this agreements are categorized as a formal agreements, it means that the agreement was born and legally binding if the requirements and procedures (formality) of marriage according Act No. 1 Year 1974 jo. No PP. 9 Year 1975 fulfilled. Afterwards, from the binding aspect, the function of marriage records juridically is a requirement in order to obtain recognition and protection from the state and binding the third party: (others). According to the regulatory aspects the procedure and the registration of marriages reflect a legal certainty, as the result the existence of marriage proved by  a marriage certificate.As a further consequence, in the law viewpoint a marriage is invalid if the marriage did not comply the procedure and registration of marriage.Keyword: Validity of marriages, Law Agreement

scholarly journals PERJANJIAN DALAM PERKAWINAN MENURUT PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI RI NO. 69/PUU-XIII/2015 DAN PENETAPAN PENGADILAN NEGERI TANGERANG NO.269/PEN.PDT.P/2015/PN.TNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Veren Abigail ◽  
Abdul Gan Abdulilah
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Third Party ◽  
District Court ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
The Law

According to the Marriage Law Article 29 the marriage agreement is made before or at the time of marriage. But in October 2016 the Constitutional Court passed verdict No.69 / PUU-XIII / 2015 as a material test of Article 29 of the Marriage Law which with the ruling of the constitutional court the marriage agreement can be made before, at the time of marriage, even throughout the marriage. However, before the constitutional court issued the verdict, the Tangerang District Court issued a ruling stipulating the marriage agreement throughout the marriage, namely the decision No. 269 / PEN.PDT.P / 2015 / PN.TNG which the parties were mixed marriages couple. The problem discussed is what the judge considers in deciding the marriage agreement when there is no provision that the marriage agreement can be made throughout the marriage. The legal research method used is a normative research method. Based on the research’s result, the judge granted and stipulated the marriage agreement based on the Marriage Law Article 4 which states that the marriage agreement is possible to be changed as long as there is agreement between the two parties and does not harm the third party In conclusion, the judge did not decide in accordance with the law regulating at the time. The suggestion is that it is expected that the judge as a law enforcer can make a decision in accordance with the law regulating at that time. Because ideally the judge's decision must contain justice, legal certainty, and expediency.

Relaxations of Contractual Privity and the Need for Third Party Rights in Chinese Contract Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Lei
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Right Of Action ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Right

This chapter examines the position of third party beneficiaries in Chinese law. Article 64 of the Chinese Contract Law states that where a contract for the benefit of a third party is breached, the debtor is liable to the creditor. The author regards this as leaving unanswered the question of whether the thirdparty has a right of direct action against the debtor. One view regards the third party as having the right to sue for the benefit although this right was ultimately excluded from the law. Another view, supported by the Supreme People’s Court, is that Article 64 does not provide a right of action for a third party and merely prescribes performance in ‘incidental’ third party contracts. The third view is that there is a third party right of action in cases of ‘genuine’ third party contracts but courts are unlikely to recognize a third party action where the contract merely purports to confer a benefit on the third party.

Formation of Contract and Third Parties in Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ly Tayseng
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Contract Formation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Formal Requirements

This chapter gives an overview of the law on contract formation and third party beneficiaries in Cambodia. Much of the discussion is tentative since the new Cambodian Civil Code only entered into force from 21 December 2011 and there is little case law and academic writing fleshing out its provisions. The Code owes much to the Japanese Civil Code of 1898 and, like the latter, does not have a requirement of consideration and seldom imposes formal requirements but there are a few statutory exceptions from the principle of freedom from form. For a binding contract, the agreement of the parties is required and the offer must be made with the intention to create a legally binding obligation and becomes effective once it reaches the offeree. The new Code explicitly provides that the parties to the contract may agree to confer a right arising under the contract upon a third party. This right accrues directly from their agreement; it is not required that the third party declare its intention to accept the right.

scholarly journals RIGHTS OWNERSHIP TO CERTIFIED LAND CONFRONTED WITH THE CUSTOMARY LAW IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saim Aksnudin
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
The Status ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ownership Of Land

In the national development the role of land for the fulfillment of various purposes will increase, either as a place to live or for business activities. In relation to that will also increase the need for support in the form of guarantee of legal certainty in the field of land. The result of the research is the conception of the state of Indonesia is a state law, which contains the meaning in the administration of government and the state based on the law, the protection of the law is a universal concept of the rule of law. The legal certainty on land rights as intended by the UUPA encompasses three things, namely the certainty of the object of land rights, certainty on the subject of land rights and certainty about the status of landrights. Legal conception of land title certificate is a proof that issued by authorized legal institution, containing juridical data and physical data which isused as evidence of ownership of land rights in order to provide assurance of legal certainty and certainty of rights to a plot of land owned or possessed by a person or legal entity. With the certificate of rights, it is expected that the juridical can guarantee the legal certainty and the right by the state for the holder of the right to the land. This country's guarantee is granted to the owner or the holder of the certificate may be granted because the land is already registered in the state land administration system.

scholarly journals The partial waiver of the rights and partial invalidation of rights to the invention

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Petro Borovyk
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Utility Model ◽  
Patent Owner ◽  
The Third ◽  
Utility Models ◽  
The Law ◽  
State Registration ◽  
The Right

Borovyk P. The partial waiver of the rights and partial invalidation of rights to the invention. In view of changes in the Law of Ukraine «About protection of rights for inventions and utility models» introduced according to the Law No. 816-IX as of 21.07.2020, it is implied that a patent owner can waive rights provided by a state registration of an invention (utility model) fully or partially, and a court can render the rights for the invention (utility model) invalid fully or partially. The partial waiver of the rights or rendering the rights invalid causes a number of issues on a rather frequent basis, in particular, regarding a certain procedure of defining the entire scope of rights according to the patent and a portion of these rights. Since the scope of rights is defined by claims, the partial waiver of the rights or the partial rendering the rights invalid substantially represents a change of the scope of rights, which are defined by the claims as published. The patent may be granted for a group of inventions. In such case, the scope of rights shall be defined by the claims that comprise several independent claims. Here, the partial waiver of the rights for the invention may be carried out by waiving one or several independent claims at the discretion of the patent owner or by rendering one or several independent claims invalid by the court. Therewith, the scope of rights that is defined during conduction of an examination for another invention of the group of inventions, which are mentioned in a single protection document (patent), is not changed. The partial waiver or the partial rendering the rights for the invention invalid for the claims having one independent claim is a more problematic case. A key aspect of this problem is an influence of the proposed amendments of the claims onto the scope of rights for the invention and its correspondence with the requirements for granting a legal protection. More specifically, it is an establishment of a fact of reduction of the scope of rights when introducing the proposed amendments into the independent claim and examination of a new version of the independent claim for compliance with the requirements of patentability. An important aspect also lies in establishment of a balance of interests of the patent owner and third parties. The patent owner will receive a mechanism of implementation of the right for protection of allowable embodiments of the invention, while the third parties will receive a right for a legal certainty by means of an analysis of the scope of rights of the new version of the claims. The article discloses grounds for waiving the rights for the invention and the mechanism for implementation of the waiver under the legislation in force both for the case of the group of inventions and for the partial waiver or the partial rendering the rights for the invention invalid with the claims having one independent claim. Keywords: scope of rights, independent and dependent claims, amendment to claims, proceedings

scholarly journals PROTECTION OF ECONOMIC COMPETITION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE LATEST LEGISLATIVE NOVELTIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Sergii Shkliar ◽  
Olha Bulaieva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Time Limits ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

Purpose. The article is dedicated to the analysis of the main changes introduced by the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine ensuring the principles of procedural justice and increasing the efficiency of proceedings in cases of violations of the legislation on the protection of economic competition”. Methods. Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine ensuring the principles of procedural justice and increasing the efficiency of proceedings in cases of violations of the legislation on the protection of economic competition” proposes the implementation of several novelties. Among them are: the restriction for the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine by certain time limits for considering cases; possibility of extension of the term for consideration of cases by decision of the Committee’s State Commissioner or head of a territorial office; renewal of deadlines for consideration of cases where the respondent is replaced or a co-respondent is involved; provision for the consequences of missing the deadlines for considering cases and also the mechanism of consultations during the consideration of a case, which may be appointed either on the initiative of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine or on the motion of interested persons. Results. The abovementioned amendments will influence the existing system of economic competition protection in a serious way. Among the changes are: – the fine for delayed payment of a fine imposed by the Antimonopoly Committees of Ukraine decision on violation of the legislation on the protection of economic competition is cancelled; – the member of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine who conducted or organized an investigation is deprived of the right to vote in the process of decision-making in the respective case; – the procedure for holding hearings is defined; – recusals and self-recusals are envisaged for the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine officers; – the grounds for acquiring the third-party status in a case are changed; – the rights of persons involved in the case are specified and expanded. An important remark of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine ensuring the principles of procedural justice and increasing the efficiency of proceedings in cases of violations of the legislation on the protection of economic competition” is that a person that is exempted from liability or whose fine is reduced shall still be liable for damage caused by the violation to other persons. Conclusions. As a result, Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine ensuring the principles of procedural justice and increasing the efficiency of proceedings in cases of violations of the legislation on the protection of economic competition” is expected to become an important step forward in increasing the effectiveness of investigations into violations of the legislation on the protection of economic competition. It can also be regarded as the next step to harmonize Ukrainian legislation with the European Union acquis.

scholarly journals AL-IJARAH AL-MUNTAHIYAH BI AL-TAMLIK (IMBT) DALAM PERSPEKTIF ANATOMI KONTRAK BISNIS

ALQALAM ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Jaih Mubarok
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arbitration Board ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Third Party

AI-Ijarah al-Muntahiyyah bi al-Tamlik (IMBT) is conceptually almost the same as leasing which is conducted by world financial institutions, including those of in Indonesia. IMBT is a service product of syari'a financial institution which is transparant and is able to involve the third party whenever it is necessary. In the context of Indonesia, economic syari'a is culturally designed and run by the Coumil of Indonesian Ulama (MUI). In order to regulate the bussiness in the syari'a system, MUI forms the Council of National Syari'a (DSN) issuing the fatwas; in order to give monitoring, DSN places The Board ef Syari'a Controller (DPS) in every business unit which uses syari'a system; in order to solve the syari'a business disputation, MUI forms the Arbitration Board of National Syari'a (Basyarnas). Moreover, The State has structurally accomodated the system of syari'a business in law and regulation. Therefore, The openess characteristics (the principle of free based contract) which is also practiced in the contract of IMBT is restricted by the law and regulation and considered appropriate in syari'a point of view based on DSN-MUI fatwas.

On the State of War and of Peace

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-192
Author(s):  
Jean Allain
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
The State ◽  
Third Party ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Peace Treaties

Book Three has Rayneval taking the reader through the Law of Nations as it relates to war and peace. A focus is placed on the origins, causes, effects, and conduct of war both on land and at sea. The right of conquest in considered, including prisoners, hostages, as well as civilians in conquered territory. This Book also examines the various principles governing alliances and the role of Neutral Powers in times of war. Where the seas are concerned, Rayneval considers the role of Neutrals Powers, of the right to visit in times of war, of Letters of Marque, and the taking of Prizes. Where peace is concerned, Rayneval speaks of the nature and obligations flowing from peace treaties and invokes mediation as the sole basis of third-party dispute settlement.

scholarly journals KEDUDUKAN HUKUM PERSEWAAN TANAH NEGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Iwan Permadi
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
The Right

<em>This paper examines how the legal status of leasing the public land in deal with the State's Right of Controlling is and how the further regulating them in the implementation of regional autonomy is. The used method is a normative legal research with secondary data sources through primary legal materials, secondary and tertiary. The results show that leasing the land that the object is a public land constitutes an action against the law, because the state is in fact not the owner of the land. The state only has the right to control the public land and the only the owner has the right to lease the land. Therefore, there is a smuggling law in case of leasing the public land through enacting the regional regulations that contain the permit to use the public land, that the third parties can use public land but the third party must pay a sum of money.</em>

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