scholarly journals TATAKELOLA LANSKAP RAWAPENING BERDASARKAN TINGKAT RESIKO BENCANA LINGKUNGAN DI SUB DAS RAWAPENING (Landscape governance of Rawapening based on the level of environmental disaster risk in the Rawapening Sub Watershed)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Djati Mardiatno ◽  
◽  
Faridah Faridah ◽  
Sunarno Sunarno ◽  
Dwi Wahyu Arifudiin Najib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Lake Management ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Downstream Processes ◽  
Very High

Lake ecosystem balance is influenced by the interaction and interrelation of upstream and downstream processes of catchment. Environmental degradation upstream affects the trophic status of the lake, triggering the risk of environmental disasters. Integrated lake management is a form of governance to achieve sustainable development goals. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Rawapening Lake management program plan spatially by considering the environmental risk conditions of the Rawapening catchment area. Semi-quantitative analysis is used to assess the level of disaster risk in Rawapening catchment area. The zoning results of environmental disaster risk areas are used as the basis for the implementation of the 2019 Rawapening lake management plan descriptively. The results showed that Rawapening catchment area has a very low, low, medium, high, and very high risk levels. Panjang Sub Watersheds, Galeh Sub Watersheds, Parat Sub Watersheds, Sraten Sub Watersheds have a high to very high risk level. The Rengas Sub Watershed, Torong Sub Watershed falls into the medium risk category. Low to very low risk levels are scattered in the Legi Sub Watershed, the Kedung Ringis Sub Watershed, and the Ringis Sub Watershed. The complexity of the problems in the agricultural, livestock, residential and industrial sectors is the main contributor to sediment and pollutants in the lake system. The integration of upstream and downstream processes is used as a consideration in conducting spatial planning for Rawapening Lake management to achieve management objectives.

scholarly journals Comparison of the ColiPlate™ Kit with Two Common E. coli Enumeration Methods for Water

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1804
Author(s):  
Cassi J. Gibson ◽  
Abraham K. Maritim ◽  
Jason W. Marion
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Very High

Quantitatively assessing fecal indicator bacteria in drinking water from limited resource settings (e.g., disasters, remote areas) can inform public health strategies for reducing waterborne illnesses. This study aimed to compare two common approaches for quantifying Escherichia coli (E. coli) density in natural water versus the ColiPlate™ kit approach. For comparing methods, 41 field samples from natural water sources in Kentucky (USA) were collected. E. coli densities were then determined by (1) membrane filtration in conjunction with modified membrane-thermotolerant E. coli (mTEC) agar, (2) Idexx Quanti-Tray® 2000 with the Colilert® substrate, and (3) the Bluewater Biosciences ColiPlate kit. Significant correlations were observed between E. coli density data for all three methods (p < 0.001). Paired t-test results showed no difference in E. coli densities determined by all the methods (p > 0.05). Upon assigning modified mTEC as the reference method for determining the World Health Organization-assigned “very high-risk” levels of fecal contamination (> 100 E. coli CFU/100 mL), both ColiPlate and Colilert exhibited excellent discrimination for screening very high-risk levels according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (~89%). These data suggest ColiPlate continues to be an effective monitoring tool for quantifying E. coli density and characterizing fecal contamination risks from water.

scholarly journals Flood Risk Assessment of Metro System Using Improved Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP: A Case Study of Guangzhou

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5154
Author(s):  
Guangpeng Wang ◽  
Lianyou Liu ◽  
Peijun Shi ◽  
Guoming Zhang ◽  
Jifu Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Metro Systems ◽  
Very High

Metro systems have become high-risk entities due to the increased frequency and severity of urban flooding. Therefore, understanding the flood risk of metro systems is a prerequisite for mega-cities’ flood protection and risk management. This study proposes a method for accurately assessing the flood risk of metro systems based on an improved trapezoidal fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We applied this method to assess the flood risk of 14 lines and 268 stations of the Guangzhou Metro. The risk results validation showed that the accuracy of the improved trapezoidal fuzzy AHP (90% match) outperformed the traditional trapezoidal AHP (70% match). The distribution of different flood risk levels in Guangzhou metro lines exhibited a polarization signature. About 69% (155 km2) of very high and high risk zones were concentrated in central urban areas (Yuexiu, Liwan, Tianhe, and Haizhu); the three metro lines with the highest overall risk level were lines 3, 6, and 5; and the metro stations at very high risk were mainly located on metro lines 6, 3, 5, 1, and 2. Based on fieldwork, we suggest raising exits, installing watertight doors, and using early warning strategies to resist metro floods. This study can provide scientific data for decision-makers to reasonably allocate flood prevention resources, which is significant in reducing flood losses and promoting Guangzhou’s sustainable development.

scholarly journals A score-based risk model for predicting severe COVID-19 infection as a key component of lockdown exit strategy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Dagan ◽  
Noam Barda ◽  
Dan Riesel ◽  
Itamar Grotto ◽  
Siegal Sadetzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
General Public ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Risk Classification ◽  
Exit Strategy ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Classification Tool ◽  
Very High

Background: As many countries consider and employ various lockdown exit strategies, health authorities seek tools to provide differential targeted advice for social distancing based on personal risk for severe COVID-19. However, striking a balance between a scientifically precise multivariable risk prediction model, and a model which can easily be used by the general public, remains a challenge. A list of risk criteria, as defined by the CDC for example, provides a simple solution, but may be too inclusive by classifying a substantial portion of the population at high risk. Score-based risk classification tools may provide a good compromise between accuracy and simplicity. Objective: To create a score-based risk classification tool for severe COVID-19. Methods: The outcome was defined as a composite of being labeled severe during hospitalization or dying due to COVID-19. The risk classification tool was developed using retrospective data from all COVID-19 patients that were diagnosed until April 1st, 2020 in a large healthcare organization ("training set"). The developed tool combines 10 risk factors using simple summation, and defines three risk levels according to the patient's age and number of accumulated risk points - basic risk, high risk and very-high risk (the last two levels are also considered together as the elevated risk group). The tool's performance in accurately identifying individuals at risk was evaluated using a "temporal test set" of COVID-19 patients diagnosed between April 2nd and April 22nd, 2020, later than those used for model development. The tool's performance was also compared to that of the CDC's criteria. The healthcare organization's general population was used to evaluate the proportion of patients that would be classified to each of the model's risk levels and as elevated risk by the CDC criteria. Results: A total of 2,421, 2,624 and 4,631,168 individuals were included in the training, test, and general population cohorts, respectively. The outcome rate in the training and test sets was 5%. Overall, 18% of the general population would be classified at elevated risk by the model, with a resulting sensitivity of 92%, compared to 35% that would be defined as elevated risk by the CDC criteria, with a resulting sensitivity of 96%. Within the model's elevated risk groups, the high and very-high risk groups comprised 15% and 3% of the general population, with an incidence rate (PPV) of 15% and 33%, respectively. Discussion: A simple to communicate score-based risk classification tool classifies at elevated risk about half of the population that is considered to have an elevated risk by the CDC risk criteria, with only a 4% reduction in sensitivity. The model's ability to further divide the elevated risk population into two markedly different subgroups allows providing more refined recommendations to the general public and limiting the restrictions of social distancing to a smaller and more manageable subset of the population. This model was adopted by the Israeli ministry of health as its risk classification tool for COVID-19 lab tests prioritization and for targeting its instructions on risk management during the lockdown exit strategy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dietary Patterns and Health Status of Young Adults from Turkey: University Students from Urban and Rural Provinces

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
University Students ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Main Meal ◽  
Very High

Young people’s taking nutrition in a healthy way and their getting proper eating habits are of great importance in terms of both individuals and society as a whole. However, the studies that have been conducted in our country show that the young skip meals, their consumption rate of fruits and vegetables is low and fast-food is their eating habit. This study was conducted with the participation of 617 students selected by random sampling method on a voluntary basis (313 female and 304 male) from the age range of 17-30 who are continuing their education at Ankara University (Faculty of Language, History and Geography) and Cumhuriyet University. In this study where the aim was to determine the basic eating habits, risk levels of eating habits and the frequency of food consumption of university students, students were given a questionnaire and by taking their anthropometric height and weight measures Body Mass Index was evaluated. 5.3% of the students was found to be underweight (<18.5 kg/m2 ), 63.4% was normal (19-24.99 kg/m2 ), 23.2% was overweight (≥25 kg/m2 ) and 8.1% was obese (≥30 kg/m2 ). Whereas the rate of skipping main meal was 33.5%, it was determined that the most skipped meal was lunch. In the evaluation of risk levels of dietary habits, 37.8% of male students are at the high risk level and 2.6% of them are at the very high risk level. Similarly, 39.3% of females are at the high risk level and 1.9% percent of them are at the very high risk level. It was also found that the consumption rate of fruits, vegetables, milk and milk products of students was low. Therefore, it should be provided that young people will stay away unhealthy habits and they will take healthy nutrition.

scholarly journals Health Promoting Behaviors and Risk of Cardiovascular Events among Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (G) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Anggi Lukman Wicaksana ◽  
Erika Maharani ◽  
Hsing-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Very High

BACKGROUND: Engagement in health-promoting behaviors (HPB) among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is important, particularly for the high-and-very-high-risk group. However, information concerning HPB and risk of cardiovascular events among patients with CVD is limited. AIM: This study aimed to explore HPB and risk of cardiovascular events among patients with CVD. METHODS: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among adults with confirmed CVD (n = 167) using multistage cluster sampling. Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile 2 and World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension Risk Prediction Chart were used for measuring HPB and cardiovascular risk levels. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression tests. RESULTS: Women, marriage, low income, and hypertension dominated with 60 years as mean age. Among the subscales of HPB, interpersonal relationship had the highest score while physical activity in the poorest score and almost half of the respondents had a low-risk of cardiovascular events. There was a significant correlation between the nutrition subscale and cardiovascular risk levels and it showed significant difference between low-and high/ very- high-risk groups of cardiovascular events. Although the risk of cardiovascular events did not demonstrate prediction of HPB, age (β _= 0.250; CI = 0.001–0.013), educational level (β _= 0.200; CI = 0.005–0.107), presence of diabetes (β _= 0.183; CI = 0.013–0.286), and smoking (β _= –0.195; CI = –0.372–[–0.005]) explained 20.7% of the HPB variance. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the authorities of stakeholders need to consider that a tailor-made health-promoting program should be proposed particularly to increase physical activity and promotes healthy nutrition among patients with CVD. Furthermore, considering special needs among patients with CVD are crucial to support them within their cultural perspective.

Setting priorities: global patterns of disaster risk

2006 ◽  
Vol 364 (1845) ◽  
pp. 2217-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxx Dilley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Management Decision Making

Natural disasters are caused by the exposure and vulnerabilities to natural hazards of people, infrastructure and economic activities. Analysis of these factors has permitted identification of countries and areas within them where disaster-related mortality and economic losses are likely in the future. These high-risk areas are candidates for increased attention to, and investment in, disaster risk identification, reduction and transfer. Plans are underway to further identify disaster risk levels and factors on national and subnational scales in high-risk countries to create evidence for improved risk management decision-making. In this paper, I review selected recent global and regional risk analyses to highlight findings, areas for improvement and next steps in the overall process of using disaster risk information for more effective risk management and cost-effective reduction of losses.

Target LDL Under 70 mg/dL for Very High Risk

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
JENNIE SMITH
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Very High
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document