scholarly journals Assessment of bioclimatic sensitive spatial planning in a Turkish city, Eskisehir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Toy ◽  
Savaş Çağlak ◽  
Aslıhan Esringü
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Raster Maps ◽  
Bioclimatic Comfort ◽  
Human Quality

The city of Eskişehir is located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey, where harsh continental climatic characteristics are prevalent i.e. cold winters and hot summers. Quality and quantity of research studies on bioclimatic comfort or outdoor thermal environment as a subject have long been increasing all over the world and in Turkey in recent years (for nearly 20 years). Outdoor bioclimatic comfort conditions, which are counted to be among the human quality of life indicators in an urban environment together with other physical, social and economic ones such as air quality, GDP, social activity possibilities, help cities make urban spaces more livable and are now used as a concrete value instead of mean values of some climatic elements in order to give an idea about the climatic conditions of a city. It was aimed in the present research study to determine 1) hourly bioclimatic comfort conditions in Eskişehir city center during sultry summer days considering bioclimatic comfort values calculated according to the 12-year data obtained between 2007 and 2018 from the meteorological stations representing urban (U; Regional Meteorology Administration Station surrounded by a densely structured area), semiurban (SU; Anadolu University Meteorology Station) and rural (R; Eskişehir Airport Meteorology Station) areas using physiological equivalent temperature index (PET) and RayMan software in the hottest months of the year (between May and September; 5 months), 2) spatial distribution of these comfort values in decades (ten – day intervals) using Geographic Information Systems (GIS; ArcGIS 10.1 software program and raster maps taking into consideration elevation and land use and 3) what urban design and planning principles might be adopted against the adverse thermal comfort conditions triggered by urban heat island (UHI) effect. It was seen as a result of the study that the poorest comfort conditions are provided in urban area (U; the sultriest area) while the rural area (R) is the most advantageous one for the comfort conditions. New bioclimate – sensitive urban design principles were taken into consideration to create bioclimatically more comfortable areas i.e. out of heat stress, windier and less humid sites open to prevalent wind direction.

Influence of climatic changes on the parasites of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua off coastal Labrador, Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Khan ◽  
C.V. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Otter Trawl ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The North

AbstractA study was conducted in 2000 and 2003, following the collapse of the commercial fishery in 1990, to compare metazoan parasites of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, captured off coastal Labrador, with samples taken in 1980 and 1986. Fish were captured by otter trawl offshore in the North Atlantic Fish Organisation subarea 2J. Parasites were removed from the digestive tract, stained, identified and compared between the different groups. Both the prevalence and mean abundance of trematodes, larval nematodes and E. gadi were significantly lower in fish taken in 2000 and 2003 than in 1980. While mean values of trematodes and nematodes declined in 1986, those of Echinorhynchus gadi remained unchanged in 1986 and 1990. Four-year-old cod sampled in 1990 harboured significantly fewer E. gadi than older age groups. The most commonly occurring trematodes included Podocotylereflexa, Lepidapedon elongatum, Derogenes varicus and Hemiurus levinseni while the larval nematode, Anisakis sp. was predominant. Comparison of offshore samples taken in 2000 and 2003 with others taken in previous years suggests an overall decline of parasites coincident with a change in climatic conditions, the absence of a major food source, namely capelin Mallotus villosus, of cod and ultimately the decline of the Labrador population.

scholarly journals One day-old chicks transport: Assessment of thermal profile in a tropical region

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aérica C. Nazareno ◽  
Iran J. O. da Silva ◽  
Frederico M. C. Vieira ◽  
Rofson F. S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Specific Enthalpy ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Thermal Profile ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Data Loggers

The aim of this study was to assess the thermal profile of truck with different levels of box placement during one day-old chicks transport. An experiment was conducted through monitoring of 11 transport loads. A acclimatized truck was used in this research, with maximum capacity of 630 one day-old chicks boxes, totalizing 63,000 animals. The assessment of thermal environment was performed in 5 min intervals, through the following variables: temperature, relative humidity and specific enthalpy. The treatments were registered at two levels of the load (first rack and floor) where 17 data loggers were distributed throughout the truck. The experiment used a completely randomized design and geostatistics was used for spatial dependency and Kriging interpolation. The microclimatic conditions of the truck were not as per recommended values, which confirm a heterogeneous distribution of heat and moisture in environment. Regarding the box positioning, the mean values of thermal variables associated with thermal comfort of one day-old chicks was found in the floor area. The most stressful environment for birds inside the truck was located in front and at the center of the truck.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate Change and Heterogeneity of Local Climates оn the Development of Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium vivax) in Moscow Megacity Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varvara Mironova ◽  
Natalia Shartova ◽  
Andrei Beljaev ◽  
Mikhail Varentsov ◽  
Mikhail Grishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Integral Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Historical Temperature

The article presents the results of a spatio-temporal analysis of the changes of the favorability of climatic conditions for the transmission of vivax malaria in the Moscow megacity and its surroundings during the period from 1977 to 2016. Using the historical temperature records at urban and rural weather stations, we calculated the key indicators of climate favorability for malaria transmission, viz. the sum of effective temperatures, the duration of the season of effective infectiveness, and a new integral index of climate favorability. We demonstrated a dramatic increase of all three indicators, which accelerated after 1984, and a high spatial heterogeneity among them. Due to the urban heat island effect, the degree of climatic favorability is especially high in the densely urbanized areas of Moscow megacity compared with the suburban and rural areas. Climatic conditions for vivax malaria in Moscow are better now than before. The season of effective infectiveness continues in the central part of the city for 25 days longer, and the integral index of climate favorability is 85% higher in comparison to mean values over the rural surroundings. The study contains an alert regarding the risk of malaria resurgence in the Moscow region in the case of the sufficient importation of cases from abroad.

scholarly journals Thermophysiological Comfort of Surgeons and Patient in an Operating Room Based on PMV-PPD and PHS Indexes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radostina A. Angelova ◽  
Rositsa Velichkova
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Predicted Heat Strain

There are different actors in an operating room (OR), who have controversial requirements for the indoor thermal environment. While the patient is at risk of perioperative hypothermia, the surgeons are in a state of thermophysiological discomfort. The study presents an analysis of the thermophysiological comfort of both patient and surgeons in an OR. Surgical clothing ensembles with three values of clothing insulation are simulated. Different indoor environment conditions (air temperature and relative humidity) are tested. The analysis is based on the calculation of predicted mean vote and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PMV-PPD) indexes and assessment of the climatic conditions categories. Discussion of the predicted heat strain is also presented. The simulated results and their analysis show considerable discrepancies between the thermophysiological comfort of the patient and the surgeons, even when dressed in a light protective ensemble, in the same indoor environment.

Outdoor thermal environments and related planning factors for subtropical urban parks

2019 ◽  
pp. 1420326X1989146
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Zhonghua Gou ◽  
Yi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Park Planning ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Tree Coverage ◽  
Thermal Indicators

Tropical or subtropical climates result in considerable heat stress in outdoor environments, which handicaps social activities in public spaces such as urban parks. This study aims to find out the effects of park planning factors on thermal environments. The research measured 18 urban parks around the city of Gold Coast in Australia from January to March 2018 which is the summer time of the Southern Hemisphere. Climate data were collected for each park, based on which park cooling intensity, mean radiant temperature and physiological equivalent temperature were calculated as thermal environment indicators. Meanwhile, park planning factors such as park tree coverage, park size and distance to major water bodies (the sea) were selected for multiple linear regressions with the thermal indicators. Our findings have confirmed that the park planning factors had significant effects on the thermal indicators. The effect of park tree coverage was most significant. This study provides important evidence and guidance for urban planning to create better outdoor thermal environments in parks to facilitate social activities.

The Thermal Comfort of Sedentary Workers

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Foo ◽  
WO Phoon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Preferred Temperature

Two hundred and eighty-five Office workers were surveyed and the micro-climatic conditions in which they worked were measured to evaluate their preferred temperature. About 78% of workers considered the natural tropical climate uncomfortable. However, 76% to 87% of workers in airconditioned Offices approved of their thermal environment if its temperature ranged from 21°C to 27°C. Many workers who felt that the temperature produced a neutral thermal sensation in the body as a whole, tended to complain that their heads were too warm and at the same time their limbs too cool. About 60% of workers in airconditioned Offices were exposed to an air temperature of less than 24°C. Present data suggest that an air temperature of 27°C would be comfortable for more than 80% of workers.

scholarly journals A New Framework to Evaluate Urban Design Using Urban Microclimatic Modelling in Future Climatic Conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasaraden Mauree ◽  
Silvia Coccolo ◽  
Dasun Perera ◽  
Vahid Nik ◽  
Jean-Louis Scartezzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Building more energy efficient and sustainable urban areas that will both mitigate the effect of climate change and adapt for the future climate, requires the development new tools and methods that can help urban planners, architect and communities achieve this goal. In the current study, we designed a workflow that links different methodologies developed separately, to derive the energy consumption of a university school campus for the future. Three different scenarios for typical future years (2039, 2069, 2099) were run as well as a renovation scenario (Minergie-P). We analyse the impact of climate change on the heating and cooling demand of the buildings and determined the relevance of the accounting of the local climate in this particular context. The results from the simulations showed that in the future there will a constant decrease in the heating demand while for the cooling demand there will be a significant increase. It was further demonstrated that when the local climate was taken into account there was an even higher rise in the cooling demand but also that the proposed renovations were not sufficient to design resilient buildings. We then discuss the implication of this work on the simulation of building energy consumption at the neighbourhood scale and the impact of future local climate on energy system design. We finally give a few perspective regarding improved urban design and possible pathways for the future urban areas.

scholarly journals Analysis of phase change materials for regulating the thermal environment of greenhouses in different climatic conditions in Highland areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 03079
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Chaofu Liu ◽  
Yanqiong Li ◽  
Yan Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Outdoor Climate ◽  
Solar Greenhouse

Phase change materials have good peak-shaving and valley-filling effects, which are effective for improving the thermal environment of passive thermal storage buildings. In this paper, phase change materials were applied to a solar greenhouse in the plateau area, and the indoor temperature is measured and analyzed under different meteorological conditions. It was concluded that when phase change materials were applied in the central region of Yunnan, where the temperature difference between day and night was large, it had a significant improvement effect on the thermal environment inside the solar greenhouse. The average outdoor air temperature, the maximum outdoor temperature difference between day and night, and solar radiation were the main factors affecting the temperature in the greenhouse. By analyzing and evaluating the effect of using phase change materials in solar greenhouses under different outdoor climate conditions, the advantages and limitations of using phase change greenhouses in different areas of the plateau were discussed.

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