Calorie Restriction Supplemented with Fish Oil Ameliorates Abnormal Metabolic Status in Middle-Aged Obese Women: An Open-Label, Parallel-Arm, Controlled Trial

The increasing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles has led to an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) worldwide. In Taiwan, middle-aged women are at a greater risk of MetS, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease than men are because they have more subcutaneous fat and larger waist circumferences compared to men with equal visceral fat levels. This study investigated the effects of calorie restriction supplemented with fish oil (CRF) in middle-aged women with MetS. For 12 weeks, 75 eligible participants were randomly assigned either calorie restriction (CR) or CRF. Both dietary intervention groups were further divided into two age groups: ≤45 and >45 years. The changes in MetS severity, inflammatory status, iron status, and red blood cell fatty acid profile were evaluated. Seventy-one participants completed the trial. Both dietary interventions significantly ameliorated MetS and improved the participants’ inflammatory status. CR significantly increased total iron binding capacity, whereas CRF increased hepcidin levels. Furthermore, CRF significantly increased the n-6/n-3 and arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid ratios. In conclusion, CR and CRF improved the anthropometric and MetS characteristics of early-middle aged women, including body weight, blood glucose levels, triglyceride levels, as well as the scores for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and quantitative insulin sensitivity cheque index. Dietary intervention was more effective in >45-year-old women than ≤45-year-old women.

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Effects of calorie restriction plus fish oil supplementation on abnormal metabolic characteristics and the iron status of middle-aged obese women

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c7fo01787a ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1152-1162 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fasty Arum Utami ◽

Hsiu-Chuan Lee ◽

Chien-Tien Su ◽

Yu-Ru Guo ◽

Yu-Tang Tung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Calorie Restriction ◽

Iron Status ◽

Obese Women ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Metabolic Characteristics ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation

The increasing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles has led to a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) worldwide as well as in Taiwan.

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Malnutrition in an obese world: Can a dietary intervention improve iron status in pre-school children?

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120003316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Ellen van der Gaag ◽

Kim Grootelaar ◽

Thalia Hummel

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

School Children ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Iron Status ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Dietary Advice ◽

Control Group ◽

National Guidelines

AbstractIntroduction:In previous studies iron deficiency was present in preschool children in the developed world1. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate whether iron deficiency was present in pre-school children and to what extend laboratory values could be improved with a nutrient rich diet.Material and Methods:A diet consisting of green vegetables, beef, full-fat milk and butter was developed. This diet comes close to the traditional Dutch diet from a century ago. All food products were in age appropriate portions, according to the national guidelines. Children aged one to four years, who were referred to the paediatrician due to recurrent URTI (without immunologic disorders) were allocated to the intervention or the control group. Both groups were given standard care. The intervention group was also given the dietary advise. All parents were asked to note of daily food intake.Results:No iron deficiency was present in our group of 1–4 years old. Mean Hb was 7.3 mmol/l in both groups. After following the dietary advice for 6 months,the hemoglobulin (Hb) concentration increased in both groups, but a little more in the intervention group :(0,280 mmol/l; p < 0,001 in the dietary intervention group and 0,214 mmol/l in the control group; p = 0,003). MCV values increased in the interventiongroup from 77.9 to 78.8 fl (p = 0.007) whereas a smaller increase was visible in the control group ;78.5 to 78.9 fl (p = 0.18). Ferritin, a marker for iron status but also a marker for inflammation, decreased non-significantly in both groups. There was a significantly correlation with decreasing CRP levels, therefore indicating a decrease in inflammation and not merely representing iron status. Growth parameters (weight, height or BMI) did not change significantly in both groups.Discussion and Conclusion:NoHb deficiency was present in our research population. However, a diet consisting of green vegetables, beef, full-fat milk and butter did improve the iron status in pre-school children. Hb and MCV values increased, suggesting some evidence of subclinical iron deficiency in this group.

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Effects of Caloric Restriction and Rope-Skipping Exercise on Cardiometabolic Health: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13093222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 3222

Author(s):

Zhaoxie Tang ◽

Yingan Ming ◽

Miao Wu ◽

Jiajia Jing ◽

Suhua Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Body Fat ◽

Calorie Restriction ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Interleukin 8 ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rope Skipping

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of calorie restriction (CR), rope-skipping (RS) exercise, and their joint effects on cardiometabolic health in young adults. An 8-week randomized trial was conducted on 46 undergraduates aged 19–21 y from South China. The participants were randomized into the following three groups: Calorie restriction (CR) group (n = 14), Rope-skipping (RS) group (n = 14), and CR plus RS (CR–RS) group (n = 12). At both allocation and the end of the intervention, data on anthropometry, serum metabolic, and inflammatory markers were collected. A total of 40 participants completed the intervention and were included in the analysis. After the 8-week intervention, the participants from the CR group and the CR–RS group reduced in body weight (−1.1 ± 1.7 kg, −1.3 ± 2.0 kg), body mass index (−0.4 ± 0.6 kg/m2, −0.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2), body fat percentage (−1.2 ± 1.6%, −1.7 ± 1.8%), and body fat mass (−1.1 kg (−2.2, −0.3), −1.1 kg (−2.5, −0.4)) compared to the baseline (p < 0.05 or p = 0.051). For metabolic and inflammatory factors, the participants in the CR–RS group showed significant decreases in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.40 mmol/L) and interleukin-8 (−0.73 mmol/L). While all the above markers showed no significant difference among the groups after intervention, in the subgroup of overweight/obese participants (n = 23), the CR–RS group had significantly lower blood pressure, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-8 levels than the CR or RS groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both CR and CR–RS could reduce weight and improve body composition in young adults. More importantly, in those with overweight or obesity, CR–RS intervention might be superior to either CR or RS in improving cardiometabolic health.

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No effect of fish oil supplementation on serum inflammatory markers and their interrelationships: a randomized controlled trial in healthy, middle-aged individuals

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/ejcn.2009.63 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 1353-1359 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

G K Pot ◽

I A Brouwer ◽

A Enneman ◽

G T Rijkers ◽

E Kampman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation ◽

Serum Inflammatory Markers

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The Effect of Weight-Loss Interventions on Cervical and Chin Subcutaneous Fat Depots; the CENTRAL Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13113827 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 3827

Author(s):

Gal Tsaban ◽

Avital Bilitzky-Kopit ◽

Anat Yaskolka Meir ◽

Hila Zelicha ◽

Yftach Gepner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Whole Body ◽

Adherence Rate ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Fat Depots

Accumulation of cervical and chin subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) represent known phenotypes of obesity. We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of these fat storages to long-term weight-loss directed lifestyle-intervention and to assess their relations to bodily-adiposity, insulin-resistance, and cardiometabolic risk; We randomly assigned 278 participants with abdominal-obesity/dyslipidemia to low-fat or Mediterranean/low-carbohydrate diets +/− physical-activity. All participants underwent an 18 month whole-body magnetic resonance imaging follow-up, from which we assessed cervical and chin SAT-areas; Participants (age = 48 years; 90% men; body-mass-index = 30.9 kg/m2) had an 18-month adherence-rate of 86%. Cervical-SAT and chin-SAT decreased after 6-months (−13.1% and −5.3%, respectively, p < 0.001). After 18-months only cervical-SAT remained decreased compared to baseline (−5%, p < 0.001). Cervical and chin-SAT 18-month changes were associated with changes in weight (r = 0.70, r = 0.66 respectively; <0.001 for both) and visceral-adipose-tissue (VAT; r = 0.35, r = 0.42 respectively; <0.001 for both). After adjustment to VAT, waist-circumference, or weight-changes, chin-SAT 18-month reduction was associated with favorable changes in fasting-glucose (β = 0.10; p = 0.05), HbA1c (β = 0.12; p = 0.03), and homeostasis-model-assessment-of-insulin-resistance (β = 0.12; p = 0.03). Cervical-SAT 18-month reduction was associated with decreased triglycerides (β = 0.16; p = 0.02) and leptin (β = 0.19; p = 0.01) independent of VAT; Cervical and chin-SATs are dynamic fat depots that correspond with weight-loss and are associated with changes in cardiometabolic profile. In long-term, chin-SAT displays a larger rebound compared with cervical-SAT. Chin-SAT accumulation is associated with in insulin-resistance, independent of central obesity. (ClinicalTrials identifier NCT01530724)

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Dose-dependent effects of fish oil on cardio-metabolic biomarkers in healthy middle-aged and elderly Chinese people: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c7fo01566f ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 3235-3243 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jia Song ◽

Manjiang Hu ◽

Cheng Li ◽

Bo Yang ◽

Qing Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Chinese People ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Double Blind ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Elderly Chinese ◽

Metabolic Biomarkers ◽

Dose Dependent

Fish oil dose-dependently regulated serum PUFA and cardio-metabolic biomarkers in healthy middle-aged and elderly Chinese people who consumed insufficient n-3PUFA.

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Improvement of gastrointestinal discomfort and inflammatory status by a synbiotic in middle-aged adults: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80947-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Audrey M. Neyrinck ◽

Julie Rodriguez ◽

Bernard Taminiau ◽

Camille Amadieu ◽

Florent Herpin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Double Blind ◽

Aged People ◽

Gut Barrier Function ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Synbiotic Supplementation ◽

Aged Subjects

AbstractSeveral studies suggest that microbial alterations (dysbiosis) are intimately linked to chronic inflammation occurring upon aging. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential interest of a synbiotic approach (co-administration of a probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic dietary fibre) to improve gastrointestinal wellness and inflammatory markers in middle-aged people. Middle-aged subjects were randomized to take synbiotic (Bifidobacterium animalis lactis and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)) or placebo for 30 days. Stool frequency and consistency were improved in both placebo and synbiotic-treated volunteers while the synbiotic treatment significantly decreased the number of days with abdominal discomfort. Synbiotic treatment had no impact on mood dimensions, quality of life scores or the overall composition of the gut microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from stool). Importantly, plasma proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-17a and interferon-gamma (IFNγ)) were significantly lower after 30 days of synbiotic supplementation. This effect appears to be independent of the gut barrier function. This study demonstrates that a combination of B. animalis lactis and the well-known prebiotic FOS could be a promising synbiotic strategy to decrease inflammatory status with improvement of gut disorders in middle-aged people.

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The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Hepcidin, Iron Status, and Inflammation in Pregnant Women in the United Kingdom

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11010190 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 190 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vickie Braithwaite ◽

Sarah Crozier ◽

Stefania D’Angelo ◽

Ann Prentice ◽

Cyrus Cooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Iron Status ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

25Ohd Concentration ◽

Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Iron and vitamin D deficiencies are common during pregnancy. Our aim was to identify whether antenatal vitamin D3 supplementation affects iron status (via hepcidin suppression) and/or inflammation. Using a subset of the UK multicenter Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study (MAVIDOS)—a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (ISRCTN82927713; EudraCT2007-001716-23)—we performed a secondary laboratory analysis. Women with blood samples from early and late pregnancy (vitamin D3 (1000 IU/day from ~14 weeks gestation n = 93; placebo n = 102) who gave birth in the springtime (March–May) were selected as we anticipated seeing the greatest treatment group difference in change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration. Outcomes were hepcidin, ferritin, C-reactive protein, and α1-acid glycoprotein concentration in late pregnancy (25OHD concentration was measured previously). By late pregnancy, 25OHD concentration increased by 17 nmol/L in the vitamin D3 group and decreased by 11 nmol/L in the placebo group; hepcidin, ferritin, and inflammatory markers decreased but no treatment group differences were seen. In late pregnancy, positive relationships between 25OHD and hepcidin and 25OHD and ferritin in the placebo group were observed but not in the treatment group (group × 25OHD interaction, p < 0.02). Vitamin D3 supplementation had no effect on hepcidin, ferritin, or inflammatory status suggesting no adjunctive value of vitamin D3 in reducing rates of antenatal iron deficiency.

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Double-blind RCT of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy and lactation to improve the metabolic health in children of mothers with overweight or obesity during pregnancy: study protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e041015

Author(s):

Vidit V Satokar ◽

Wayne S Cutfield ◽

José G B Derraik ◽

Matire Harwood ◽

Karaponi Okasene-Gafa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Post Partum ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Women ◽

Double Blind ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation ◽

In Pregnancy

IntroductionMaternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with adverse changes in body composition and metabolism in the offspring. We hypothesise that supplementation during pregnancy of overweight and obese women may help prevent the development of greater adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in children. Previous clinical trials investigating fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on metabolic outcomes and body composition of the children have not focused on the pregnancies of overweight or obese women.Methods and analysisA double-blind randomised controlled trial of fish oil (providing 3 g/day of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) versus an equal volume of olive oil (control) taken daily from recruitment until birth, and in breastfeeding mothers, further continued for 3 months post partum. Eligible women will have a singleton pregnancy at 12–20 weeks’ gestation and be aged 18–40 years with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 at baseline. We aim to recruit a minimum of 128 participants to be randomised 1:1. Clinical assessments will be performed at baseline and 30 weeks of pregnancy, including anthropometric measurements, fasting metabolic markers, measures of anxiety, physical activity, quality of life and dietary intake. Subsequent assessments will be performed when the infant is 2 weeks, 3 months and 12 months of age for anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)) and blood sampling. The primary outcome of the study is a between-group difference in infant percentage body fatness, assessed by DXA, at 2 weeks of age. Secondary outcomes will include differences in anthropometric measures at each time point, percentage body fat at 3 and 12 months and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance at 3 months. Statistical analysis will be carried out on the principle of intention to treat.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the Northern A Health and Disabilities Ethics Committee, New Zealand Ministry of Health (17/NTA/154). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberACTRN12617001078347p; Pre-results.

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