Intra-Urban Mobility in the Estimation of Risk Scenarios by BTEX Emissions

The population’s mobility in urban areas is a necessary variable in the modeling of risk scenarios caused by atmospheric contamination. The inclusion of this concept makes static models more dynamic while considering people within a city to be an entity with complex mobility processes. We propose a conceptual and methodological tool to make the representation of the social, economic and territorial components, as well as the patterns in the population´s mobility to delimitate risk areas for human health by exposure of contaminants. In the volatile organic compounds (VOC), benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylene (BTEX) are amongst the most dominant substances in fugitive vapor emissions in gas stations (GS). In urban areas, the exposure to BTEX by residential proximity and proximity to other facilities, which cause intra-urban agglomeration, can impact and affect human health. This model seeks to facilitate the focalization, identification and prioritization of risk areas by BTEX environmental contamination. This article goes beyond de conceptual framework. It suggests methodological and instrumental aspects to be applied in other cities. The government agencies must consider these results when establishing rules, permissions and procedures to reduce environmental pollution for managing the risk in a complex urban environment.

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Intra-Urban Mobility in the Estimation of Risk Scenarios by BTEX Emissions

10.20944/preprints201609.0028.v2 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Antonio Garcia-Zarate ◽

María Evarista Arellano-García ◽

Mariana Villada Canela ◽

Patricia Aceves-Calderon ◽

Ana Erika Ruiz-Arellano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Mobility ◽

Residential Proximity ◽

Gas Stations ◽

Risk Scenarios ◽

The Social ◽

Risk Areas ◽

The Government ◽

Vapor Emissions

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CORRELATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND POVERTY FARMERS IN ACEH

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews ◽

10.18510/hssr.2020.813 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saifuddin Yunus ◽

Suadi Zainal ◽

Fadli Jalil ◽

Cut Maya Aprita Sari

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Social Capital ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Poverty Rate ◽

Poverty Level ◽

The Social ◽

The Government ◽

The Relationship

Purpose of the study: This study tried to examine the correlation between social capital and the poverty level of farmers in Aceh. It was linked to the uneven agricultural development of some rural areas in Aceh had caused the poverty rates in villages are higher than in the urban areas. Hence the social capital is important as other capitals in development and become the energies for the development and decreases the rate of poverty. Methodology: This research used a quantitative method by distributing the questionnaire to 300 respondents in Aceh Tamiang, Pidie Jaya and Aceh Tengah, Indonesia. The data analyzed by using the Spearman correlation with the assistance of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences to determining the relationship between two variables; social capital and poverty in farmers. Main Findings: This study found that there is a positive and significant correlation between social capital and the level of poverty. Famers who have a higher stock of social capital are found to be lower in the poverty rate. Applications of this study: The finding of this study is useful for the government of the Aceh government to explore and strengthen farmers' social capital to empowering their economies. It would be relevant to decreasing the poverty rate according to farmers in Aceh. Novelty/Originality of this study: The case of poverty in Aceh was widely explained by the numbers of the researcher. But there is no recent publication that has explained the relationship between poverty and social capital in Aceh. Therefore a strong level of social capital will be able to significantly reduce poverty in Aceh.

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Society and Taxes: An Exploratory Study of Fiscal Psychology

Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities ◽

10.29037/digitalpress.45339 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 00004

Author(s):

Ika Rahma Susilawati ◽

Rahmat Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Digital Literacy ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Small And Medium Enterprises ◽

Tax Compliance ◽

Literacy Skills ◽

Social Representation ◽

Extensive Discussion ◽

The Social ◽

The Government

This study aims to obtain the social representation of Indonesian society about taxes, especially those originating from the suburban and rural areas. Our previous study reported results that more people are representing those who live in urban areas and have higher digital literacy skills. Therefore, this study was conducted to broaden society's representative. Data was retrieved by direct social interaction to the people who are in public areas like traditional markets, rural areas, terminals, train stations, and small and medium enterprises around the campus area. A total of 121 respondents participated in this study. The analysis reveals the finding of 27 categories in terms of the social representation of tax. Among these categories, the highest frequency of occurrence is in the obligation categorization. Later, followed by categories of public interest, burdens, necessary, and corruption. In general, most respondents associate taxes with obligations. They acknowledge the importance of tax in an ideal, normative, and constitutional way. Under those circumstances, it heads them to comply with the tax rules. This reinforces the reasons why they tend to be more tax- compliant. However, tax is also associated with financial and non-financial burdens. The widespread practice of corruption or misuse of tax money further diminishes people's trust towards the government. This becomes a potential factor in progressively reducing individual tax compliance. A more extensive discussion is presented in the discussion.

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Livelihood Prospects Across Social Classes in Rural India

Social Change ◽

10.1177/0049085719844117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 310-314

Author(s):

Surajit Deb

Keyword(s):

Rural Population ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Rural Families ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Social Classes ◽

Rural India ◽

Full Time ◽

The Social ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

The Government

In the third part of the Social Change Social Indicator series, we look at livelihood prospects across social classes in rural India. The rural population in India earns its living from different livelihood types—farming, agricultural labour, other manual labour, domestic services or other jobs. The majority of farmers in the country are however small landholders and therefore depend on other sources of income to earn enough money to survive or to even purchase crucially needed seeds and fertilisers. Then there are the agricultural labours who do not own land of their own and work in the fields to earn daily wages. Since the land support for these rural families has become increasingly difficult, a section of the rural population has started looking outside their locale for jobs. In recent decades, jobs for urban construction and private security services industry has provided a potential alternative for backward or economically weaker sections from the rural and semi-urban areas of the country. The government has been trying to provide employment opportunities and livelihood for villagers within their villages by encouraging them to start their own enterprises, supporting them by providing some training and finance. But although rural occupational opportunities have increased comparatively in several states, the creation of productive livelihoods for different social classes remains a challenge in certain rural segments of India. From data one observes that while a majority of Schedules Caste (SC) farmers remain daily wagers, the livelihood of the Scheduled Tribe (ST) community remains dependent on forest, agriculture and animal husbandry. The Socio Economic and Caste Census (SECC) 2011, provides survey data on the livelihood opportunities of SC, ST and Non-SC–ST households across sources such as cultivation, non-agricultural own account enterprises, manual casual labourers, part- or full-time domestic services, ragpicking, begging and others.1 Our analysis of data refers to eighteen states that cover more than 95 per cent of the SC or ST population in the country.

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Social Policy, COVID-19 and Impoverished Migrants: Challenges and Prospects in Locked Down India

The International Journal of Community and Social Development ◽

10.1177/2516602620933715 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 152-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sohini Sengupta ◽

Manish K. Jha

Keyword(s):

Social Policy ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Social Distance ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Vulnerable Group ◽

Income Loss ◽

Informal Workers ◽

Economic Climate ◽

The Social ◽

The Government

As countries shore up existing safeguards to address the social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, India faces a humanitarian disaster of unprecedented proportions. Ninety per cent of the Indian workforce is employed in the unorganised sector; uncounted millions work in urban areas at great distances from rural homes. When the Government of India (GOI) announced the sudden ‘lockdown’ in March to contain the spread of the pandemic, migrant informal workers were mired in a survival crisis, through income loss, hunger, destitution and persecution from authorities policing containment and fearful communities maintaining ‘social distance’. In this context, the article analyses how poverty, informality and inequality are accentuated by the COVID-19 pandemic experiences of ‘locked down’ migrant workers. The article examines the nature and scope of existing social policy, designed under changing political regimes and a fluctuating economic climate, to protect this vulnerable group and mitigate dislocation, discrimination and destitution at this moment and in future.

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Analisis Kondisi Sosial Dan Pengetahuan Ibu Rumah Tangga Terhadap Pengelolaan Sampah Di Kecamatan Poasia

JAGAT (Jurnal Geografi Aplikasi dan Teknologi) ◽

10.33772/jagat.v5i2.21514 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

Uliana Uliana ◽

Ahmad Hidayat ◽

Anita Indriasary

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Waste Management ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Research Method ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Environmental Knowledge ◽

The Social ◽

The Government

Abstrak: Kondisi fisik lahan perkotaaan semakin sempit dan kurangnya ruang terbuka untuk pengelolaan sampah sehingga perlu ditingkatkan partisipasi masyarkat dalam pengelolaan sampah agar masyarakat mampu secara mandiri peduli terhadap lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini,yaitu: (1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh kondisi sosial ibu-ibu rumah tangga di Kecamatan Poasia terhadap pengelolaan sampah; (2) untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahun lingkungan ibu-ibu rumah tangga di Kecamatan Poasia terhadap pengelolaan sampah. Metode penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan analisis regresi linear berganda pada aplikasi SPSS versi 16.0. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain: (1) kondisi sosial ibu-ibu rumah tangga (umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan pendapatan) berpengaruh terhadap pengelolaan sampah. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan uji regresi linear berganda diperoleh nilai signifikan kondisi sosial (X1) adalah sebesar 0,771 dan nilai t hitung sebesar 0,292; (2) pengetahuan lingkungan ibu-ibu rumah tangga berpengaruh terhadap pengelolaan sampah. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil uji regresi linear berganda diperoleh nilai signifikan pengetahuan (X2) sebesar 0,000 dan nilai t hitung sebesar 5,565. Oleh karena itu, Kelurahan Anggoeya perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus oleh pemerintah, karena wilayah tersebut memiliki volume sampah terbesar di Kecamatan Poasia namun kondisi sosial ibu rumah tangga masih lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan wilayah lain seperti Kelurahan Anduonohu dan Kelurahan Anggoeya. Selain itu, pengetahuan ibu-ibu rumah tangga di Kelurahan Anggoeya dominan kategori buruk. Kata Kunci: kondisi sosial, pegetahuan, pengelolaan sampah Abstract: The physical condition of urban areas is increasingly narrow and the lack of open space for waste management needs to be increased by community participation in waste management so that the community is able to independently care for the environment. The purpose of this study are: (1) to determining the effect of social conditions of housewives in Poasia District on waste management; (2) to determining the effect of environmental knowledge of housewives in Poasia District on waste management. This research method is a qualitative research method by conducting multiple linear regression analysis on the application of SPSS version 16.0. The results of this study are: (1) the social conditions of housewives (age, education, employment, and income) affect the waste management. This is evidenced by the multiple linear regression test obtained a significant value of social conditions (X1) of 0,771 and t value of 0,292; (2) environmental knowledge of housewives influences waste management. This is evidenced by the results of multiple linear regression tests obtained a significant value of knowledge (X2) of 0,000 and t value of 5,565. Therefore, Anggoeya Village needs to get special attention from the government, because the region has the largest volume of waste in Poasia District, but the social condition of housewives is still lower when compared to other regions such as Anduonohu and Anggoeya. In addition, the knowledge of housewives in Anggoeya Kelurahan is dominant in the bad category. Keywords: social conditions, knowledge, waste management

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Velomobiles and Urban Mobility: Opportunities and Challenges

Small Electric Vehicles ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-65843-4_3 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 29-39

Author(s):

Geoffrey Rose ◽

Alex Liang

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Urban Mobility ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Radar Screen ◽

The Social ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Independent Travel

AbstractAs the transport challenges facing urban areas intensify, innovative solutions are required to address the social, economic and environmental impacts arising from overreliance on private motor vehicles. Velomobiles offer a range of advantages but do not feature on the radar screen of urban transport policy makers. This chapter explores the challenges and opportunities of increased adoption of velomobiles as an urban mobility option. A scan of existing velomobiles is used to define typical characteristics of these vehicles and place them into perspective against relevant travel options before they are assessed in the context of typical vehicle regulations and facility design guidelines. The opportunities and challenges associated with greater adoption of velomobiles in the context of urban travel are examined through the lenses of technology adoption and the sociotechnical framing of independent travel options. Shared mobility is identified as one potential way of broadening the base for velomobile adoption in urban areas.

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MAPPING OF FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY IN CAMPINA GRANDE COUNTY - PB: A SPATIAL MULTICRITERIA APPROACH

Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas ◽

10.1590/s1982-21702018000100003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 28-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Priscila Barros Ramalho Alves ◽

Hiran de Melo Filho ◽

Bárbara Barbosa Tsuyuguchi ◽

Iana Alexandra Alves Rufino ◽

Patrícia Hermínio Cunha Feitosa

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Planning Process ◽

Urban Spaces ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Historical Records ◽

Flood Susceptibility ◽

The Social ◽

Pixel Analysis ◽

The Government

Abstract: The social and economic impacts caused by floods in urban areas are diverse and increase as the land becomes gradually impervious. Due to the increasing urbanization of cities, it is necessary to implement a better planning process and optimize the urban spaces management and occupation. Thus, the government needs to gather reliable and useful data for the decision-making process. Therefore, the GIS plays an important role among urban planning instruments. Given the current situation in Campina Grande County, Paraiba State, Brazil - an area continually facing disturbances caused by occasional and concentrated rainfalls - the current study aims to map the areas seen as the most susceptible to floods, by using a MCDA GIS-based model (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis). There are five quantitative criteria considered in the analysis: slope, altitude, roads with drainage infrastructure, distance from water bodies and land use. It is a pixel by pixel analysis based on predetermined assumptions. Fuzzy functions were developed and overlay operations were performed. The results were consistent with historical records and with previous studies about the county, thus adding reliability to the model, which can be considered a potential management instrument for the case study area, as well as for cities facing similar issues.

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KETERAMPILAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL PEKERJA SOSIAL DALAM MENANGANI PENGEMIS DI IPSM YOGYAKARTA

Jurnal Dakwah Risalah ◽

10.24014/jdr.v30i1.6877 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Moralely Hendrayani

Keyword(s):

Social Workers ◽

Interpersonal Communication ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Social Institutions ◽

Face To Face ◽

Classic Problem ◽

The Social ◽

Actual Change ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Poverty is a classic problem that plagues various countries and seems to be an actual change in the future. The impact of poverty is the emergence of beggars. In this case, social problems such as beggars in urban areas also happen in Yogyakarta. Therefore, cooperation from government or non-government is needed to reduce beggars. At present, the government through the Society of Social Workers Association (IPSM) is one of the social institutions in Yogyakarta which together reduces the level of beggars through handling held every week. The social workers must have the skills of interpersonal communication in order to communicate with beggars. The method used in writing is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that beggars were asked for data and directed to take part in the training and would be sent home in their original areas, because social workers at IPSM has used the interpersonal communication using local language and face to face in order to approach beggars and look like ordinary people and does not use IPSM attributes.

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Peran Kelembagaan Dalam Pengelolaan Persampahan Di Kabupaten Trenggalek

JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH & KOTA ◽

10.14710/pwk.v12i4.13505 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 385

Author(s):

Gandhi Rahma Puspasari ◽

Mussadun Mussadun

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Healthy Environment ◽

The People ◽

The Social ◽

Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽

The Government ◽

Inorganic Waste

One of the social problems that often arise in urban areas is a waste problem. Waste problem is basically caused by many things, such as the lack of good waste management, the behavior of a society that is still low in maintaining hygiene and environmental health, as well as the growing population, thus adding of waste produced by households. Waste management in the region, will involve communities, government, NGOs and the private sector. But in Trenggalek, the absence of private parties who participated in addressing rural waste. Waste management in Trenggalek handled by the government and the people who lead the waste pelayananaan less than optimal or not in accordance with existing regulations. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which institutional role in waste management in Trenggalek, in creating a healthy environment, berhindar of soil and water pollution caused by garbage. The analysis in this study was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, crosstab analysis and scale analysis. Results from this study were 1) Waste in Trenggalek differentiate into 2 (two), namely organic and inorganic waste, the most dominant is the leaf litter and food waste amounted to 81.30%. 2) Institute for waste management there are only two (2) institutions, namely the government and society. 3) Waste management in Trenggalek done by way of being transported by a janitor, burned and dumped into the river. 4) The role of each institution shows that government plays an important role in waste management in Trenggalek. 5) Based on the analysis of the correlation between institutional waste management indicates that the government has a weak relationship with the community, so that waste management is less than optimal.

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