scholarly journals Reversibility in Controlled Polymerization Systems: Recent Progress and New Opportunities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houliang Tang ◽  
Yi Luan ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Hao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Controlled Polymerization ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Vinyl Polymers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
General Concern ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Significant Effort

The field of controlled polymerization is growing and evolving at unprecedented rates, facilitating polymer scientists to engineer the structure and property of polymer materials for a variety of applications. However, the lack of degradability, particularly in vinyl polymers, is a general concern for not only environmental sustainability but also biomedical applications. In recent years, there has been a significant effort to develop reversible polymerization approaches in those well-established controlled polymerization systems. Reversible polymerization typically involves two steps including (i) forward polymerization which converts small monomers into macromolecules, and (ii) depolymerization capable of regenerating original monomers. Furthermore, recycled monomers can be repolymerized into new polymers. In this perspective, we highlight recent developments of reversible polymerization in those controlled polymerization systems and offer insight into the promise and utility of reversible polymerization systems. More importantly, the current challenges and future directions to solve those problems are discussed. We hope this perspective can serve as an “initiator” to promote continuing innovations in this fairly new area.

scholarly journals A Perspective on Reversibility in Controlled Polymerization Systems: Recent Progress and New Opportunities

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houliang Tang ◽  
Yi Luan ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Hao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Controlled Polymerization ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Vinyl Polymers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
General Concern ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Significant Effort

The field of controlled polymerization is growing and evolving at unprecedented rates, facilitating polymer scientists to engineer the structure and property of polymer materials for a variety of applications. However, the lack of degradability, particularly in vinyl polymers, is a general concern not only for environmental sustainability, but also for biomedical applications. In recent years, there has been a significant effort to develop reversible polymerization approaches in those well-established controlled polymerization systems. Reversible polymerization typically involves two steps, including (i) forward polymerization, which converts small monomers into macromolecule; and (ii) depolymerization, which is capable of regenerating original monomers. Furthermore, recycled monomers can be repolymerized into new polymers. In this perspective, we highlight recent developments of reversible polymerization in those controlled polymerization systems and offer insight into the promise and utility of reversible polymerization systems. More importantly, the current challenges and future directions to solve those problems are discussed. We hope this perspective can serve as an “initiator” to promote continuing innovations in this fairly new area.

Green Synthesized Nanomaterials as Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Treatment: Principles, Challenges and the Road Ahead

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pala Rajasekharreddy ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Siddhardha Busi ◽  
Jobina Rajkumari ◽  
Ming-Hong Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Road ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Insight Into

With the emergence of nanotechnology, new methods have been developed for engineering various nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Nanotheranostics is a burgeoning research field with tremendous prospects for the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. However, the development of biocompatible and efficient drug/gene delivery theranostic systems still remains a challenge. Green synthetic approach of nanoparticles with low capital and operating expenses, reduced environmental pollution and better biocompatibility and stability is a latest and novel field, which is advantageous over chemical or physical nanoparticle synthesis methods. In this article, we summarize the recent research progresses related to green synthesized nanoparticles for cancer theranostic applications, and we also conclude with a look at the current challenges and insight into the future directions based on recent developments in these areas.

scholarly journals Recent developments in sustainably sourced protein-based biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Agnieray ◽  
J.L. Glasson ◽  
Q. Chen ◽  
M. Kaur ◽  
L.J. Domigan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Innovative Biomaterials ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Advanced Biomaterials ◽  
Insight Into

Research into the development of sustainable biomaterials is increasing in both interest and global importance due to the increasing demand for materials with decreased environmental impact. This research field utilises natural, renewable resources to develop innovative biomaterials. The development of sustainable biomaterials encompasses the entire material life cycle, from desirable traits, and environmental impact from production through to recycling or disposal. The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive definition of sustainable biomaterials and to give an overview of the use of natural proteins in biomaterial development. Proteins such as collagen, gelatin, keratin, and silk, are biocompatible, biodegradable, and may form materials with varying properties. Proteins, therefore, provide an intriguing source of biomaterials for numerous applications, including additive manufacturing, nanotechnology, and tissue engineering. We give an insight into current research and future directions in each of these areas, to expand knowledge on the capabilities of sustainably sourced proteins as advanced biomaterials.

No fear of George Kingsley Zipf

10.1558/37291 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-263
Author(s):  
Stefano Rastelli ◽  
Kook-Hee Gil
Keyword(s):  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Classroom Research ◽  
Language Design ◽  
Efficient Computation ◽  
Generative Linguistics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Factor Effect ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Insight Into

This paper offers a new insight into GenSLA classroom research in light of recent developments in the Minimalist Program (MP). Recent research in GenSLA has shown how generative linguistics and acquisition studies can inform the language classroom, mostly focusing on what linguistic aspects of target properties should be integrated as a part of the classroom input. Based on insights from Chomsky’s ‘three factors for language design’ – which bring together the Faculty of Language, input and general principles of economy and efficient computation (the third factor effect) for language development – we put forward a theoretical rationale for how classroom research can offer a unique environment to test the learnability in L2 through the statistical enhancement of the input to which learners are exposed.

Duality beyondPersons and Groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 391-413
Author(s):  
Sophie Mützel ◽  
Ronald Breiger
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Affiliation Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Principle Of Duality ◽  
Seminal Article

This chapter focuses on the general principle of duality, which was originally introduced by Simmel as the intersection of social circles. In a seminal article, Breiger formalized Simmel’s idea, showing how two-mode types of network data can be transformed into one-mode networks. This formal translation proved to be fundamental for social network analysis, which no longer needed data on who interacted with whom but could work with other types of data. In turn, it also proved fundamental for the analysis of how the social is structured in general, as many relations are dual (e.g. persons and groups, authors and articles, organizations and practices), and are thus susceptible to an analysis according to duality principles. The chapter locates the concept of duality within past and present sociology. It also discusses the use of duality in the analysis of culture as well as in affiliation networks. It closes with recent developments and future directions.

scholarly journals The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Adrian S. Monthony ◽  
Serena R. Page ◽  
Mohsen Hesami ◽  
Andrew Maxwell P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Type

The recent legalization of Cannabis sativa L. in many regions has revealed a need for effective propagation and biotechnologies for the species. Micropropagation affords researchers and producers methods to rapidly propagate insect-/disease-/virus-free clonal plants and store germplasm and forms the basis for other biotechnologies. Despite this need, research in the area is limited due to the long history of prohibitions and restrictions. Existing literature has multiple limitations: many publications use hemp as a proxy for drug-type Cannabis when it is well established that there is significant genotype specificity; studies using drug-type cultivars are predominantly optimized using a single cultivar; most protocols have not been replicated by independent groups, and some attempts demonstrate a lack of reproducibility across genotypes. Due to culture decline and other problems, the multiplication phase of micropropagation (Stage 2) has not been fully developed in many reports. This review will provide a brief background on the history and botany of Cannabis as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of Cannabis tissue culture. Special attention will be paid to current challenges faced by researchers, the limitations of existing Cannabis micropropagation studies, and recent developments and future directions of Cannabis tissue culture technologies.

scholarly journals Machine Learning for Design Optimization of Electromagnetic Devices: Recent Developments and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Yanbin Li ◽  
Gang Lei ◽  
Gerd Bramerdorfer ◽  
Sheng Peng ◽  
Xiaodong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Robust Design Optimization ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Electromagnetic Devices ◽  
Recent Developments

This paper reviews the recent developments of design optimization methods for electromagnetic devices, with a focus on machine learning methods. First, the recent advances in multi-objective, multidisciplinary, multilevel, topology, fuzzy, and robust design optimization of electromagnetic devices are overviewed. Second, a review is presented to the performance prediction and design optimization of electromagnetic devices based on the machine learning algorithms, including artificial neural network, support vector machine, extreme learning machine, random forest, and deep learning. Last, to meet modern requirements of high manufacturing/production quality and lifetime reliability, several promising topics, including the application of cloud services and digital twin, are discussed as future directions for design optimization of electromagnetic devices.

scholarly journals An overview of psychological and social factors in Charles Bonnet syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 251584142110347
Author(s):  
Lee Jones ◽  
Lara Ditzel-Finn ◽  
Jamie Enoch ◽  
Mariya Moosajee
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Charles Bonnet Syndrome ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Insight Into

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition where cognitively normal individuals with sight impairment experience simple and/or complex visual hallucinations. The exact pathogenesis of CBS is unknown; however, deafferentation is often recognised as a causal mechanism. Studies have provided insight into the multifaceted impact of CBS on wellbeing. Onset of CBS may cause distress among those believing visual hallucinations are indicative of a neurological condition. Hallucinatory content is often congruent with the emotional response. For example, hallucinations of a macabre nature typically result in a fearful response. Visual hallucinations may be highly disruptive, causing everyday tasks to become challenging. Clinical management relies on forewarning and pre-emptive questioning. Yet, knowledge and awareness of CBS is typically low. In this review, we provide a summary of the social and psychological implications of CBS and explore recent developments aimed at raising awareness and improving patient management.

AlGaN/GaN HEMTs: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 913-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIDDHARTH RAJAN ◽  
UMESH K. MISHRA ◽  
TOMÁS PALACIOS
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Digital Circuits ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Gan Hemts ◽  
State Of Art

This paper provides an overview of recent work and future directions in Gallium Nitride transistor research. We discuss the present status of Ga -polar AlGaN / GaN HEMTs and the innovations that have led to record RF power performance. We describe the development of N -polar AlGaN / GaN HEMTs with microwave power performance comparable with state-of-art Ga -polar AlGaN / GaN HEMTs. Finally we will discuss how GaN -based field effect transistors could be promising for a less obvious application: low-power high-speed digital circuits.

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