scholarly journals Noise Disturbances and Calls for Police Service in València (Spain): a Logistic Model with Spatial and Temporal Effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Seguí ◽  
Adina Iftimi ◽  
Álvaro Briz-Redón ◽  
Lucía Martínez-Garay ◽  
Francisco Montes
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Model ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Temporal Effects ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Noise Disturbances ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Noise Phenomenon

The purpose of this paper is to explore the presence of spatial and temporal effects on the calls for noise disturbance service reported to the Local Police of València (Spain) in the time period from 2014 to 2015, and investigate how some socio-demographic and environmental variables affect the noise phenomenon. The analysis is performed at the level of València's boroughs. It has been carried out using a logistic model after dichotomization of the noise incidents variable. The spatial effects consider first and second order neighbours. The temporal effects are included in the model by means of one and two weeks temporal lags. Our model confirms the presence of strong spatio-temporal effects. We also find significant associations between noise incidence and specific age groups, socio-economic status, land uses and recreational activities, among other variables. The results suggest that there is a problem of ``social'' noise in València that is not exclusively a consequence of coexistence between local residents. External factors such as the increasing number of people on the streets during weekend nights or during summer months increase severely the chances of expecting a noise incident.

scholarly journals Noise Disturbances and Calls for Police Service in València (Spain): A Logistic Model with Spatial and Temporal Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2815
Author(s):  
Lia Seguí ◽  
Adina Iftimi ◽  
Álvaro Briz-Redón ◽  
Lucía Martínez-Garay ◽  
Francisco Montes
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Model ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Temporal Effects ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Noise Disturbances ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Noise Phenomenon

The purpose of this paper is to explore the presence of spatial and temporal effects on the calls for noise disturbance service reported to the Local Police of València (Spain) in the time period from 2014 to 2015, and investigate how some socio-demographic and environmental variables affect the noise phenomenon. The analysis is performed at the level of València’s boroughs. It has been carried out using a logistic model after dichotomization of the noise incidence variable. The spatial effects consider first- and second-order neighbors. The temporal effects are included in the model by means of one- and two-week temporal lags. Our model confirms the presence of strong spatio-temporal effects. We also find significant associations between noise incidence and specific age groups, socio-economic status, land uses, and recreational activities, among other variables. The results suggest that there is a problem of "social" noise in València that is not exclusively a consequence of coexistence between local residents. External factors such as the increasing number of people on the streets during weekend nights or during summer months severely increase the chances of expecting a noise incident.

Spatio-temporal effects on extreme precipitation in the coastal areas of southeast China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weikang Qian ◽  
Xun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Generalized Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
North India ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Temporal Effects ◽  
Spatio Temporal

<p>Extreme precipitation is considered to be one of the natural disasters with greatest impact on human society, leading to floods and debris flows. To better understand the spatio-temporal effects on extreme precipitation, and to predict the intensity of extreme precipitation ahead in different return periods, this study focus on quantifying both climate and spatial effects on the intensity of extreme precipitation in coastal areas of southeast China, considering different weather system. A hierarchical Bayesian model with generalized extreme value distribution (GEV) is applied to maximum daily precipitation through 94 stations in study area from 1964 to 2013 in JAS. Tropical cyclone (TC) and non-TC influenced extreme precipitation are analyzed separately. Climate and spatial effects are introduced through regression models associating parameter values in GEV with different covariates, such as climate indices and distance to coastline. It was observed that SST anomaly in North Pacific, SLP anomaly above North India Ocean are found to be the main climate indices that influence extreme precipitation in coastal areas of southeast China. Using SST, we can predict the intensity of extreme precipitation in different return period at 6-month lag. Extreme precipitation was found to decrease as distance to coastline increase. In addition, different performances of extreme precipitation along with distance to coastline were found among various subregions and weather systems.</p>

scholarly journals Geographical Diversity in Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anaemia among Adolescents of India-A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Manisha Gore ◽  
Ansuman Swain ◽  
Deepak Khismatrao ◽  
Abhay Saraf
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Period

Background: Anaemia is a global public health issue in India with anaemia prevalence of 56% among adolescent girls. While it affects all age groups, pregnant women and children are reported to be at risk. The study aims to understand the underlying factors of anaemia among adolescents. Methods: The systematic review has included all studies from the time period, 2000 to 2020 which had anaemia prevalence among adolescent girls (10 to 19 years of age). Scopus and Web of Science databases were used to browse relevant articles within April-June, 2020. Study design, sample size, anaemia prevalence, and the method of Haemoglobin estimation, were some of the information recorded. Results: A total of 88 articles were selected, out of which 20 were retained as per the inclusion criteria. Study from the east zone reported an anaemia prevalence of 36.4% and a significant association between serum ferreting levels and the severity of anaemia. The anaemia prevalence of different studies from the north, west and south zones ranged from 50-70%, 80-90%, and 30-79% respectively. Socio economic status, education of parents, prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was some of the important factors contributing to the prevalence were highlighted. Conclusion: Anaemia prevails across and within the different zones, it is not comparable. However, strengthening of the existing level of effort is necessary to address the issue of anaemia among adolescents in India.  

Use of linked administrative and laboratory data to confirm that serum 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women can be predicted from satellite estimates of ultraviolet radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M Miller ◽  
Robyn M Lucas ◽  
Elizabeth A Davis ◽  
Prue H Hart ◽  
Nicholas H de Klerk
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Time Period

Abstract Background Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of pregnant women have been linked to various health outcomes in their offspring. Satellite-derived ultraviolet radiation (UVR) data have been used as a proxy for 25(OH)D levels, as individual-level cohort studies are time-consuming, costly and only feasible for common outcomes. Methods Data on 25(OH)D levels from a public laboratory database were linked to data from the Western Australian Midwives’ Notification System and daily erythemal UVR dose from NASA satellites. Regression analysis was used to identify the time period prior to venesection where daily UVR dose best predicted 25(OH)D levels. A predictive model was used to validate the use of daily UVR dose as a proxy for personal sun exposure during pregnancy. Results Data from 19 173 pregnancies in women aged 18–43 years in Western Australia were included. The daily UVR dose averaged over the 90 days before venesection was the strongest UVR predictor of 25(OH)D level (a 5% increase per 1000 J m–2; equal to 3.3 nmol L–1 at the median of 66 nmol L–1). Ethnicity was the strongest predictor of 25(OH)D levels (21% lower in non-Caucasian vs Caucasian: equal to 7.2 nmol L–1 difference). Other significant predictors were gestation, age, year, parity, socio-economic status, remoteness, medical conditions and season. Conclusion NASA-derived erythemal UVR dose in the 90 days prior to venesection is a significant predictor of 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women. Linked administrative data can be used to investigate associations between UVR during pregnancy and health outcomes in offspring.

Trends in Craniofacial Injuries Associated with the Introduction of Electric Scooter Sharing Services

FACE ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 273250162199244
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Boudiab ◽  
Thomas D. Zaikos ◽  
Christopher Issa ◽  
Kongkrit Chaiyasate ◽  
Stephen M. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Electric Scooter ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Patterns Of Injury ◽  
Craniofacial Fractures

Electric scooters are an increasingly common and convenient mode of transportation worldwide and have effectively revolutionized the shared micromobility industry. As electric scooter sharing companies have increased in popularity there has been a concomitant increase in the frequency of all electric scooter-related injuries. The purpose of this study is to describe the most up-to-date trends in craniofacial fractures and lacerations related to electric scooter use among all age groups. We queried the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) for craniofacial fractures and lacerations related to e-scooters between 2010 and 2019. We then compared injury trends over time and between time periods before and after 2017 when electric scooter share apps revolutionized micromobility. We compared incidence of injury overall and by day of the week, patient demographics, and case severity based on clinical disposition. We identified an increase in the frequency of craniofacial lacerations and fractures in the 3 years following the introduction of electric scooter share services in 2017 (2017 and 2019), compared to the 3 years before this time (2014-2016). Young adults (18-39 years) were the age group with the greatest interval increase in craniofacial injuries. There was also an increase in number of craniofacial injuries occurring on Mondays and a decrease number occurring on Fridays in the later time period. Finally, patients who presented with electric scooter-related craniofacial injuries in this later time period showed a higher frequency of overnight observation and hospital admission for their injuries. The number of craniofacial injuries secondary to electric scooter use has increased dramatically since the introduction of share services. Craniofacial fractures and lacerations are a common reason for craniofacial or maxillofacial surgery consultation and understanding these patterns of injury will help prepare surgeons for patient care, preventative education, and public advocacy.

scholarly journals One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Galicia: A Global View of Age-Group Statistics during Three Waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5104
Author(s):  
Iván Area ◽  
Henrique Lorenzo ◽  
Pedro J. Marcos ◽  
Juan J. Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global View ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
One Year

In this work we look at the past in order to analyze four key variables after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Galicia (NW Spain): new infected, hospital admissions, intensive care unit admissions and deceased. The analysis is presented by age group, comparing at each stage the percentage of the corresponding group with its representation in the society. The time period analyzed covers 1 March 2020 to 1 April 2021, and includes the influence of the B.1.1.7 lineage of COVID-19 which in April 2021 was behind 90% of new cases in Galicia. It is numerically shown how the pandemic affects the age groups 80+, 70+ and 60+, and therefore we give information about how the vaccination process could be scheduled and hints at why the pandemic had different effects in different territories.

scholarly journals Detecting Tourism Typologies of Regional Destinations Based on Their Spatio-Temporal and Socioeconomic Performance: A Correlation-Based Complex Network Approach for the Case of Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-139
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Tsiotas ◽  
Thomas Krabokoukis ◽  
Serafeim Polyzos
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Complex Network Analysis ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Within the context that tourism-seasonality is a composite phenomenon described by temporal, geographical, and socio-economic aspects, this article develops a multilevel method for studying time patterns of tourism-seasonality in conjunction with its spatial dimension and socio-economic dimension. The study aims to classify the temporal patterns of seasonality into regional groups and to configure distinguishable seasonal profiles facilitating tourism policy and development. The study applies a multilevel pattern recognition approach incorporating time-series assessment, correlation, and complex network analysis based on community detection with the use of the modularity optimization algorithm, on data of overnight-stays recorded for the time-period 1998–2018. The analysis reveals four groups of seasonality, which are described by distinct seasonal, geographical, and socio-economic profiles. Overall, the analysis supports multidisciplinary and synthetic research in the modeling of tourism research and promotes complex network analysis in the study of socio-economic systems, by providing insights into the physical conceptualization that the community detection based on the modularity optimization algorithm can enjoy to the real-world applications.

scholarly journals Comorbid disease burden among MS patients 1968–2012: A Swedish register–based cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852091049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsi A Smith ◽  
Sarah Burkill ◽  
Ayako Hiyoshi ◽  
Tomas Olsson ◽  
Shahram Bahmanyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Comorbid Disease ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Cardiovascular Depression ◽  
Prevalence Prevalence ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have increased comorbid disease (CMD) risk. Most previous studies have not considered overall CMD burden. Objective: To describe lifetime CMD burden among pwMS. Methods: PwMS identified using Swedish registers between 1968 and 2012 ( n = 25,476) were matched by sex, age, and county of residence with general-population comparators ( n = 251,170). Prevalence, prevalence ratios (PRs), survival functions, and hazard ratios by MS status, age, and time period compared seven CMD: autoimmune, cardiovascular, depression, diabetes, respiratory, renal, and seizures. Results: The magnitude of the PRs for each CMD and age group decreased across time, with higher PRs in earlier time periods. Before 1990, younger age groups had higher PRs, and after 1990, older age groups had higher PRs. Male pwMS had higher burden compared with females. Overall, renal, respiratory, and seizures had the highest PRs. Before 2001, 50% of pwMS received a first/additional CMD diagnosis 20 years prior to people without MS, which reduced to 4 years after 2001. PwMS had four times higher rates of first/additional diagnoses in earlier time periods, which reduced to less than two times higher in recent time periods compared to people without MS. Conclusion: Swedish pwMS have increased CMD burden compared with the general population, but this has reduced over time.

scholarly journals Use of Electronic Cigarettes in European Populations: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kapan ◽  
S. Stefanac ◽  
I. Sandner ◽  
S. Haider ◽  
I. Grabovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

The increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes in past decades has aroused public health concern. This study aims to review the literature on the prevalence of e-cigarette use among the general adult and young populations in Europe. We searched Medline and Google Scholar from September 2019, and included “prevalence of e-cigarettes”, “electronic cigarettes” or “e-cigarettes”, and “electronic nicotine delivery system” or “vaping”. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use ranged from 0.2% to 27%, ever-use ranged from 5.5% to 56.6% and daily use ranged from 1% to 2.9%. Current smokers of conventional cigarettes showed the highest prevalence for the use of e-cigarettes, ranging from 20.4% to 83.1%, followed by ex-smokers, with ranges from 7% to 15%. The following socio-demographic factors were associated with a higher chance of using e-cigarettes: male sex and younger age groups; results for economic status were inconclusive. In European countries, there is a higher prevalence of e-cigarette use among males, adolescents and young adults, smokers of conventional cigarettes, and former smokers.

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