scholarly journals Use of Electronic Cigarettes in European Populations: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kapan ◽  
S. Stefanac ◽  
I. Sandner ◽  
S. Haider ◽  
I. Grabovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

The increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes in past decades has aroused public health concern. This study aims to review the literature on the prevalence of e-cigarette use among the general adult and young populations in Europe. We searched Medline and Google Scholar from September 2019, and included “prevalence of e-cigarettes”, “electronic cigarettes” or “e-cigarettes”, and “electronic nicotine delivery system” or “vaping”. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use ranged from 0.2% to 27%, ever-use ranged from 5.5% to 56.6% and daily use ranged from 1% to 2.9%. Current smokers of conventional cigarettes showed the highest prevalence for the use of e-cigarettes, ranging from 20.4% to 83.1%, followed by ex-smokers, with ranges from 7% to 15%. The following socio-demographic factors were associated with a higher chance of using e-cigarettes: male sex and younger age groups; results for economic status were inconclusive. In European countries, there is a higher prevalence of e-cigarette use among males, adolescents and young adults, smokers of conventional cigarettes, and former smokers.

scholarly journals E-cigarettes and youth: a major Public Health concern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Virgili ◽  
Raffaella Nenna ◽  
Shira Ben David ◽  
Enrica Mancino ◽  
Greta Di Mattia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Health Concerns

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) and vaping devices started as a potential aid for cessation and reducing the harmful consequences of cigarette smoking, mainly in the adult population. Today e-cigarette use is highly increasing in vulnerable populations, especially young and pregnant women, due to the misconception of its harmless use. Despite the growing acknowledgment in e-cigarette as a potential harmful device, and due to mixed information found concerning its beneficial aid for smokers, along with an insufficient clinical study done in human models, it is important to further evaluate the possible benefits and risks of non-combusting, vaping nicotine or non-nicotine delivery devices. In this review we tried to summarize the latest updated information found in the literature, concentrating mainly in the variety of adverse effects of e-cigarette use and its contribution for recent and future health concerns.

Adolescent Risk and Protective Factors for the Use of Electronic Cigarettes

2021 ◽  
pp. 263207702098073
Author(s):  
Jason J. Burrow-Sánchez ◽  
Benjamin R. Ratcliff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adolescent Risk

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) by adolescents is a serious public health concern. The major aim of the current study is to conduct a comprehensive examination of adolescent e-cigarette use in relation to risk and protective factors for a school-based sample. The present study is based on a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Prevention Needs Assessment (PNA) Survey that is administered every 2 years in the state of Utah to a large sample of students ( n = 54,853) in Grades 6, 8, 10, and 12 from more than 400 schools. The PNA Survey measures substance use, mental health symptoms, and antisocial behavior as well as their associated risk and protective factors. Almost 9% of adolescents in this study reported using e-cigarettes in the past 30 days. Adolescents who reported infrequent (1–5 days) and frequent (6+ days) use of e-cigarettes also indicated lower levels of protection (e.g., perceived harm) and higher levels of risk (e.g., favorable attitudes) compared with students who did not report using e-cigarettes in the past 30 days. The frequency of adolescent e-cigarette use can distinguish between risk and protective factors. Findings suggest that the risk and protective factors relevant for adolescent alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use extend to the use of the e-cigarettes. Certain risk factors (e.g., favorable attitudes toward substance use) and protective factors (e.g., perceived risk for use of e-cigarettes) hold promise for preventive interventions in addressing this public health concern.

Malignant melanoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Charlotte Sidebotham
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Favourable Prognosis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Pigmented Skin Lesions ◽  
Early Primary

Melanoma affects people at a younger age than other cancers, and can rapidly become fatal if not detected. Thus, pigmented skin lesions can cause concern in both doctors and patients. If discovered in the early primary stages, melanomas have a favourable prognosis. Over the last few decades, the incidence of melanoma has significantly increased, and is fast becoming an urgent public health concern. This article aims to shine a light on this dangerous adversary.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Unintended Pregnancies amongst Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cambodia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 4006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farwa Rizvi ◽  
Joanne Williams ◽  
Elizabeth Hoban
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences

Background: Unintended pregnancies in Cambodian youth are a major reproductive health concern with detrimental personal and socioeconomic consequences. A social ecological model was used to identify sociodemographic factors potentially associated with unintended pregnancies, and an analysis of data from the 2014 Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey was used to determine associations. Methods: Weighted data were analysed using multiple logistic regression analyses for 3406 Cambodian sexually active single, in union or married females aged 15–29 years. Results: The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 12.3%. Unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with younger age groups (15–24 years), multiparity, history of abortion, and current use of modern contraceptive methods. All women had an increased likelihood of unintended pregnancy when the husband alone or someone else in the household made decisions about their access to healthcare. Conclusion: The burden of unintended pregnancies is associated with young age, multiparity, history of abortions, unemployment, and low autonomy for accessing healthcare. Multi-pronged, holistic reproductive and sexual health program interventions are needed to increase literacy and accessibility to modern contraception and to raise awareness about women’s health and status in Cambodia.

Life satisfaction of Korean older adults: The roles of chronological and subjective age and appearance management

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Myung-Sun Chung
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Appearance Management ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
And Behavior

I addressed previous contradictory findings that people aged 65 and over (vs. younger age groups) have lower life satisfaction, in contrast to the well-being paradox in older age, whereby there is an increase in life satisfaction among people in this age group. Thus, I investigated the effects of age and appearance management on the life satisfaction of 364 Koreans aged 65 years and over, who completed a survey in which they gave their age (chronological and subjective), and responded to items on appearance management, life satisfaction, and demographic characteristics. Results of my preliminary analysis showed that economic status, age, and appearance management were related to life satisfaction. However, multiple regression analysis results showed that only subjective age and appearance management significantly explained overall satisfaction with life. A practical implication of the results is that perceptions of people aged 65 and over, including their subjective rather than chronological age, and behavior, such as appearance management, should be managed together by mental health services.

Putting Youth Violent Victimization Into Context: Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Community Differences Among a Multisite Sample of Youths

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance J. Taylor ◽  
Finn-Aage Esbensen ◽  
Dana Peterson ◽  
Adrienne Freng
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The increased risk of violent victimization for adolescents relative to other age groups has recently become a major public health concern. The current study uses data from a multisite study of eighth grade youths attending public schools in 11 cities to determine the extent and nature of youth general and serious violent victimization among both sexes and five racial/ethnic groups in 11 diverse communities. This study explores differences in sex, race/ethnicity, and community independently and explores interactions between sex and community and race/ethnicity and community. Our findings suggest important differences in victimization prevalence and individual victimization rates by sex and community of residence. Racial differences were found to be closely tied to community. Policy implications resulting from our findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Audiologists should not fail with falls: A call to commit to prevention of falls in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
Opinion Article

Globally, falls are a serious economic and public health concern. While all age groups are impacted by falls, the threats to morbidity and mortality are most severe in older adults. Recent literature has linked hearing loss, and related issues such as an increase in sedentary behaviour, to a greater risk of falls. Therefore, this opinion article aims to raise audiologists’ awareness of falls in ageing patients or clients, and calls for change in terms of having these rehabilitation professionals embrace identification and management of fall risk.

scholarly journals Disparities in the prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among children aged 6–24 months and 25–59 months in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafere Gebreegziabher ◽  
Nigatu Regassa ◽  
Micaela Wakefield ◽  
Kelly Pritchett ◽  
Susan Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Despite global efforts made to address anaemia, the prevalence remains high in most Sub-Saharan African countries. In Ethiopia, anaemia poses a very strong public health concern. The purpose of the present study was to examine the key risk factors related to anaemia among children aged 6–24 months (younger age group) and 25–59 months (older age group). We used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, collected from 11 023 mothers with under five children. Ordered logistic regression modelling was used for assessing risk factors of childhood anaemia. The results suggest that the prevalence of anaemia was 72 % in the younger and 49 % in the older age groups. The risk factors for anaemia in the younger age group were morbidity (odds ratio (OR) 1⋅77; CI 1⋅21, 2⋅60), having no piped water source (OR 1⋅76; CI 1⋅07, 3⋅01) and no toilet facility (OR 1⋅60; CI 1⋅07, 2⋅38). The key risk factors for anaemia in the older age group were no micronutrient intake (OR 1⋅69; CI 1⋅23, 2⋅31), having a young mother (15–24 years old) (OR 1⋅35; CI 0⋅84, 1⋅91) and a non-working mother (OR 1⋅50; CI 1⋅15, 1⋅96). Anaemia also varied by region, place of residence and economic factors. Multiple factors contributed to the high prevalence of anaemia. Given the structural problem that the country has intervention strategies should consider the unique characteristics of regions and rural residences where the prevalence of anaemia is above the national average.

scholarly journals Personal and Social Consequences of Psychotropic Substance Use: A Population-Based Internet Survey

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
María Luisa Ballestar-Tarín ◽  
Vanessa Ibáñez-del-Valle ◽  
Omar Cauli ◽  
Rut Navarro-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Personal Consequences ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
New Variables

Background and objectives: Drug abuse has become a major worldwide health concern among all age groups. The present study analyses substance misuse and its social and personal consequences using a population-based internet survey in Spain. Materials and Methods: Screening for drug abuse (of alcohol, marijuana/hashish and psychostimulants) and its related risks and problems was performed using the Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) score. Socio-demographic factors, depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms as well as health habits were also evaluated. We used Linear regression methods to compare each variable’s individual contribution so as to determine which one best explains the results. Results: In this population-based study, 1224 people completed and returned the online survey. Of all participants, 57% reported consuming at least one substance based on the CRAFFT scale. While increasing age reduces the probability of personal and social consequences of consumption, people who smoke receive up to three times more (OR = 3.370) recommendations from family and friends to reduce their consumption. As for the type of substance, the consumption of marijuana increases the risk of forgetting (OR = 2.33) and the consumption of other psychostimulant substances almost triples the risk of consuming alone (OR = 2.965). Combining substances can increase the rate of driving a vehicle after consumption by 3.4 times. Conclusions: Although age, smoking and the type of substances used increase the risk of suffering from social and personal consequences of the use or abuse of substances, future studies are needed to determine the influence of new variables as a potential tool for treating and minimizing the adverse consequences of drug abuse.

scholarly journals Food Sources of Energy and Nutrients of Public Health Concern and Nutrients to Limit with a Focus on Milk and other Dairy Foods in Children 2 to 18 Years of Age: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2014

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol O’Neil ◽  
Theresa Nicklas ◽  
Victor Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

Many children are not meeting current nutrient recommendations. The objective of this study was to determine the food sources of energy, nutrients of public health concern, and nutrients to limit with a focus on dairy foods. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from children 2–5 (n = 1511), 6–11 (n = 2193), and 12–18 years (n = 2172) participating in NHANES 2011–2014 were analyzed. Energy, fiber, calcium, potassium, vitamin D, added sugars, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and sodium intakes were sample-weighted and ranked on percentage contribution to the diet using specific food group intake and disaggregated data for dairy foods. For children 2–5, 6–11, and 12–18 years, milk, sweet bakery products, and sweetened beverages, respectively were the top food sources of energy, respectively. For calcium, potassium, and vitamin D, milk was the top ranked food source in all age groups. For children 2–5, 6–11, and 12–18 years, milk, sweet bakery products, and pizza, respectively were the top three ranked food sources of SFA; and sugar sweetened beverages and sweet bakery products were to top two food group sources of added sugars. Cured meats/poultry, pizza, and pizza, respectively, were the top ranked food sources of sodium for the three age groups. Identification of food sources of these nutrients can help health professionals implement appropriate dietary recommendations and plan age-appropriate interventions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document