scholarly journals Is Novel Coronavirus Novel: Covid-19, A Pandemic or An Endemic?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangam Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

We have analysed the death and recovery rate of Covid-19 disease progression. From the analysis, we have argued that the pandemic is over in certain countries (labelled as group-A) and for other countries (labelled as group-B) the disease appears to remain as endemic. Taking into account the serological survey (sero-survey) test results obtained by certain groups and comparing it with herd immunity threshold value one can infer that the low number of infection for group-B is either due to acquired immunity by some previous infection by other coronavirus or due to innate immunity towards this infection. This effect is stronger for group-B to slow the progress of the disease to such an extent resulting in flattening of the disease progression curve compared to group-A.

scholarly journals A Comparative Clinical Study of Trikarshika Kwatha with and without Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Vatarakta with Special Reference to Hyperuricaemia

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Md Tanzil Ansari ◽  
Sukumar Ghosh ◽  
Shailendra Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
High Level ◽  
Urate Crystals

Nowadays, people are more vulnerable to metabolic disorders due to their faulty dietary and behavioural habits. One such disorder is Vatarakta which causes functional impairment due to involvement of Sandhi (joints). It is manifested by Ruk, Toda, Sparsha asahatva, Shopha, Raga, Daha and Stabdhata in Sandhi. Vatarakta can be correlated with Hyperuricaemia or Gout due to similarity in their clinical features. Hyperuricaemia is defined as abnormally high level of uric acid in blood (i.e. >6mg/dl in female and >7mg/dl in male). On the other hand, Gout is an inflammatory response to monosodium urate crystals formed secondary to hyperuricaemia. Aims and objectives: 1. To evaluate the effectiveness of Trikarshika kwatha and lifestyle modification in the management of Vatarakta. 2. To compare the effects of Trikarshika kwatha with and without lifestyle modification in the management of Vatarakta. Materials and methods: Raw herbs of the research formulation were collected after proper identification and Kwatha was prepared for oral administration. For the clinical study, total 60 patients were selected on the basis of selection criteria. Selected patients were randomly divided into two groups. (i) Group A: 30 patients were treated with Trikarshika kwatha. (ii) Group B: 30 patients were treated with Trikarshika kwatha along with Lifestyle modification. Individual patient was treated for 45 days along with follow up at the interval of every 15 days. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, scoring pattern was followed for subjective and objective parameters. They were assessed before and after treatment. The collected data were analysed statistically by using Paired t-test. Results: On the basis of all statistical data, it can be said that patients of Group B showed better results in all parameters in comparison to patients of Group A. Conclusion: Both Trikarshika kwatha and Lifestyle modification are affective but Trikarshika kwatha with Lifestyle modification is more effective than Trikarshika kwatha without Lifestyle modification in the management of Vatarakta.

Serological survey of the Berlin population

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1206-1206
Author(s):  
Т. Charbet
Keyword(s):  
Serological Survey ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Over the course of 11 years, 30,000 blood samples from inpatients were examined. The distribution by group gives the following result: Group 0-31.6%, Group A-42.2%, Group B- 14.7%, and Group AB-6.5%. There was no difference in the groups with regard to gender. For the indicated period of time the percentage, the ratio of groups did not change significantly.

Addition of carboplatin to chemotherapy regimens for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer in post-second generation hormone therapy setting: Does it improve treatment response and survival outcomes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17540-e17540
Author(s):  
Jamal Alamiri ◽  
Mohamed E. Ahmed ◽  
Jack R. Andrews ◽  
Manaf Alom ◽  
Giovanni Motterle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Versus Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castrate Resistant ◽  
Group B

e17540 Background: The clinical course in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) can be complicated when patients have disease progression after treatment with 2nd generation hormone therapy (2nd-HT), such as enzalutamide or abiraterone. Currently, limited data exist regarding the optimal choice of chemotherapy for mCRPC after failing 2nd-HT. We sought to evaluate three common chemotherapy regimens in this setting. Methods: We retrospectively identified 150 patients with mCRPC with disease progression on enzalutamide or abiraterone. 92 patients were chemo-naïve, while 58 patients had previously received docetaxel chemotherapy prior to 2nd-HT. After failing 2nd-HT, 90 patients received docetaxel-alone (group A), 33 patients received carboplatin plus docetaxel (group B), while 27 patients received cabazitaxel-alone (Group C). Favorable response was defined by ≥50% reduction in PSA level from baseline after a complete course of chemotherapy. Survival outcome was assessed for 30-month overall survival. Results: Mean (SD) age was 71.2 (8.28), 69.5(8.38) and 67.2 (8.36) for group (A), (B) and (C), respectively. Mean (SD) pre-chemotherapy PSA was 63.8 (138.18), 58.5 (118.15) and 53.7 (88.15) for group (A), (B) and (C), respectively. Mean (SD) Gleason score was 7.9 (1.1), 8.4 (0.88) and 8.1 (1.06) for group (A), (B) and (C), respectively. Patients in group (B) were 2.6 times more likely to have a favorable response compared to group (A) (OR = 2.625, 95%CI: 1.15 - 5.99) and almost 3 times compared to patients in group (C) (OR = 2.975, 95%CI: 1.04 – 8.54) (p-value = 0.0442). We report a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 3.1 (95% CI 1.31-7.35; p = 0.0037) between patients in group (A) versus group (B), and a HR of 4.18 (95% CI 1.58-11.06; p = 0.0037) between patients in group (C) versus group (B). Thirty-month overall survival was 70.7%, 38.9%, and 30.3% for group (B), (A), and (C) respectively (p-value = 0.008). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate improved response and cancer-specific survival in patients with treatment-refractory mCRPC on docetaxel plus carboplatin compared to docetaxel or cabazitaxel alone. Selection bias is inherent in any retrospective study; however, our finding suggests that clinicians may consider docetaxel plus carboplatin in mCRPC patients who fail 2nd-HT. Further prospective studies are warranted.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TESTICULAR TORSION ON SPERMATOZOA IN CONTRALATERAL EPIDIDYMIS

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawkar Vijay Pramod ◽  
Suwandi Sugandi ◽  
Aaron Tigor Sihombing ◽  
Marselina Tan
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fischer Exact Test ◽  
Morphology Changes

Objective: To determine the abnormality of spermatozoa in the contralateral epididymis after unilateral testicular torsion. Material & method: Twenty wistar rats were divided into two groups i.e. Group B (sham procedure) Group A (torsio and orchiectomy 24 hours later), and contralateral epididymectomy was performed a month later. Spermatozoa in the contralateral epididymis are extracted and analyzed by an experienced biologist. Data were analyzed using Chi-square or Fischer exact test. Results: Sperm morphology changes in group B is higher than Group A (6,6% vs 0,5%, p = 0,009). Conclusion: Unilateral testicular torsion causes sperm abnormal morphology in the contralateral epididymis. Keywords: Unilateral testicular torsion, contralateral epididimal spermatozoa.

scholarly journals Comparison Of Diacerein-Ginger With Diacerein Alone In Treating Knee Osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Mehtab Munir ◽  
Shahid Mustafa Memon ◽  
Sajid Abbas Jaffri ◽  
Khalid Mustafa Memon
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Womac Pain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Pain At Rest

Objective: To compare clinical efficacy of diacerein-ginger with diacerein alone in treating knee osteoarthritis. Duration and place of study: It was a randomized clinical trial conducted from 21st September 2018 to 31stMarch 2019, in medical OPD of a private hospital in Karachi. Methodology: 60 diagnosed patients of knee osteoarthritis were included in this study. Male and female patients 50 years of age, fulfilling the inclusion criteria and after written informed consent experienced a wash-out period of 72 hours. These patients were systematically randomized into 2 groups each having 30 members. Group A received capsule Diacerein 50mg + capsule Ginger 550 mg twice daily and group B received capsule Diacerein 50mg twice daily, for 12 weeks. Parameters checked at 0, 6 and 12 weeks were: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index, pain at rest and movement (Visual Analogue Scale). Comparison of the two groups was done by independent t-test. Results: Among 60 patients; 20 (33.33 %) were males and 40 (66.66%) were females. 4 patients in group A and 4 in B, dropped out during the study. Comparison of group A with group B in WOMAC and pain (at rest and movement) scores showed insignificant difference at day 0 before prescription of the drugs. However comparison showed highly significant difference (P-value < 0.001) between the two groups in WOMAC, pain at rest and movement scores at the end of 6th and 12th weeks of intervention. Conclusion: Diacerein-Ginger is clinically more efficacious for management of knee OA than Diacerein alone

scholarly journals Application Value of Coagulation Function Test in Prognosis of Patients with Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Jing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coagulation Function ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

<p><span lang="EN-US">Objective: to explore the application value of coagulation function test in the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: from December 2018 to December 2019, 100 patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were randomly selected as the study group. According to the follow-up results of patients, they were divided into study group A (good prognosis, n = 64) and study group B (disability or death, n = 36) 100 subjects served as the control group. The test results of coagulation function of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively. The test results of the study group before and after treatment were compared with those of the control group, and the test results of the study group A and study group B after treatment were compared. Results: the coagulation function of the study group after treatment was significantly improved compared with that before treatment (P &lt; 0.05), and there was a significant difference between the two groups before treatment (P &lt; 0.05), and there was no difference after treatment (P &gt; 0.05); after treatment, the coagulation function of study group A and study B was significantly different (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: coagulation function test has a certain application value for the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and can be used as an index to judge the patient’s condition and treatment effect, which has good application value in clinical practice.</span></p>

Selection of the optimal first ear for sequential bilateral cochlear implantation in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110640
Author(s):  
Hantai Kim ◽  
Jungho Ha ◽  
Eun Sol Gil ◽  
Jeong Hun Jang ◽  
Hun Yi Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Monosyllabic Word ◽  
Intelligibility Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Group B ◽  
Selection Of

Objectives When there is a difference in hearing on both ears, where to perform the first cochlear implantation (CI) becomes an important issue. The purpose of the study was to evaluate which ear should be chosen for the first implantation in sequential bilateral CI with a long inter-implant period. Methods The study population consisted of 34 severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss pediatrics with the inter-implant period of ≥3 years between the first CI (CI-1) and the second CI (CI-2) before the age of 19 (mean of inter-implant period: 7.1-year). The patients were classified into Group A (CI-1 was performed on the ear with better hearing), Group B (CI-1 on the ear with worse hearing), or Group C (symmetrical hearing in both ears). Speech intelligibility test results were compared between the groups. Results The monosyllabic word scores of CI-1 were excellent in Groups A (91.7±7.9%) and B (92.5±3.6%) but slightly lower in Group C (85.7±14.9%) before the second implantation ( P = .487). At 3 years after the second implantation, all groups demonstrated excellent scores in the bilateral CI condition (95.9±3.0% in Group A; 99.1±.8% in Group B; 97.5±2.9% in Group C, P = .600). However, when the patients were tested in using CI-2 only in Groups A and B after using bilateral CI for 3 years, the scores were inconsistent in Group A (79.6±23.9%; range: 22.2-94.4%), while those were higher and more constant in Group B (92.9±4.8%; 86.8-100.0%). Conclusions The first CI is strongly recommended to perform on a worse hearing ear if they had different hearing levels between ears. Even with the first CI on a worse hearing ear, its performance never deteriorates. In addition, if they receive the second CI several years later, it will be likely that the second one functions better.

When no news is bad news: Improving diagnostic testing communication through patient engagement

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Terri Zomerlei ◽  
Amanda Carraher ◽  
Albert Chao ◽  
Shonda Vink ◽  
Rajiv Chandawarkar
Keyword(s):  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Good News ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Quality Reporting ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group A ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Group B

Importance Up to 17% of diagnostic test results are missed, lost or ignored despite conventional fixes such as electronic physician reminders – naïvely, patients assume: ‘No-News-is-Good-News’. These lapses can result in poor outcomes, complications, and even death. In response, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)-led physician quality reporting system measure#265 emphasizes prevention. This study aims to improve the timely review of results through increasing patient engagement. Design and Participants Ninety patients undergoing diagnostic testing were included in this Internal Review Board (IRB)-approved study. Two groups, group-A (patients with medical chart access through our EHR, n = 40); and group-B (controls, n = 50) were included. Group-A was reminded via written AVS and EHR portal messages to ask about their test results at their next appointment. Controls were sent no reminders, mimicking the status- quo. Main Outcomes At subsequent visits whether patients ‘asked’ or ‘did not ask’ about their results was recorded and analyzed. Study group participants were also surveyed on their preferences for reminder communication. Results Patients that were sent reminders were up to twenty times more likely to ask their provider regarding their test results than the control group ( p < 0.0001). Eighty-one percent indicated that the reminders were helpful with 90% indicating they were ‘necessary’. Neither gender nor age seemed predictive factors of patient engagement. Conclusions and Relevance This pilot study demonstrates that engaging patients in their own care through already-existing tools (AVS, EHR portal messages) improves patient-physician communication, and could lead to lower rates of missed diagnostic tests.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Recurrent Acute Otitis Media in Children Treated for Dental Malocclusion: A Preliminary Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Bernkopf ◽  
Andrea Lovato ◽  
Giulia Bernkopf ◽  
Luciano Giacomelli ◽  
Giovanni Carlo De Vincentis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Adenoid Hypertrophy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Recurrent Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Dental Malocclusion

Aim. To investigate the role of dental malocclusion treatment in the outcomes of Recurrent Acute Otitis Media (RAOM). Materials and Methods. The clinical outcome (number of acute recurrences in 12 months) of 61 consecutive children treated medically for RAOM was analysed. Children underwent an odontostomatologic evaluation, a fiberoptic endoscopy, and skin-prick tests. Results. 32 children (group A) were diagnosed with dental malocclusion and treated with a mandibular repositioning plate. Dental malocclusion was ruled out in the other 29 patients with RAOM, and they were used as controls (group B). The two groups were homogeneous in terms of sex, exposure to RAOM risk factors, skin test results, and adenoid hypertrophy, while age was significantly higher in group A. Age, sex, exposure to RAOM risk factors, adenoid hypertrophy, and skin test results were not associated with RAOM outcome. Children in group A treated for dental malocclusion were strongly associated with a lower number of acute episode recurrences at both univariate (p<0.0001) and multivariate analysis (p=0.001). Conclusions. RAOM showed better outcomes in children with dental malocclusion wearing a mandibular repositioning device. Dental malocclusion in children with RAOM may play a role in the pathogenesis of Eustachian tube dysfunction.

scholarly journals Increased Sensitization to Mold Allergens Measured by Intradermal Skin Testing following Hurricanes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Saporta ◽  
David Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Positive Results

Objective. To report on changes in sensitivity to mold allergens determined by changes in intradermal skin testing reactivity, after exposure to two severe hurricanes. Methods. A random, retrospective allergy charts review divided into 2 groups of 100 patients each: Group A, patients tested between 2003 and 2010 prior to hurricanes, and Group B, patients tested in 2014 and 2015 following hurricanes. Reactivity to eighteen molds was determined by intradermal skin testing. Test results, age, and respiratory symptoms were recorded. Chi-square test determined reactivity/sensitivity differences between groups. Results. Posthurricane patients had 34.6 times more positive results (p<0.0001) at weaker dilutions, all tested molds were found to be more reactive, and 95% had at least one positive test versus only 62% before the hurricanes (p<0.0001); average mold reactivity was 55% versus 16% while 17% of patients reacted to the entire panel versus none before the hurricanes (p<0.0001). The posthurricane population was younger (p<0.001) and included more patients with asthma or lower respiratory symptoms (p<0.05). Conclusion. Reactivity and sensitization to mold allergens increased compared to patients before the hurricanes. This supports climatologists’ hypothesis that environmental changes resulting from hurricanes can be a health risk as reflected in increased allergic sensitivities and symptoms and has significant implications for physicians treating patients from affected areas.

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