Trajectories of Cotton Fiber Initiation: A Regulatory Perspective

The epidermal cells on the surface of the cotton ovules undergo differentiation to produce fibers, which are single-celled hair-like protrusions resembling the plant trichomes. The initiation of these unicellular fibers from the cotton ovule surface is a complex and tightly regulated process. The initiation step is the cell fate-determining stage, which leads to the commitment of cells that eventually developed into fibers, thus becomes the most crucial phase in fiber development. The in-depth knowledge of molecular regulation is a prerequisite to get a clear view of the fiber initiation process's genetic and epigenetic control. The identification and functional validation of cotton fiber initiation-related genes, few fibreless mutants, transcription factors, microRNAs, epigenetic regulators, as well as the elucidation of the role of phytohormones as signaling molecules, has played a significant role in understanding the cotton fiber initiation process at the molecular level. This review focuses on the comprehensive information regarding the genetic and epigenetic regulation of cotton fiber initiation. Thus, the review will provide readers insight into mechanistic details that operate during cotton fiber initiation.

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Molecular regulation of autophagy in a pro-inflammatory tumour microenvironment: New insight into the role of serum amyloid A

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. du Plessis ◽

T. Davis ◽

B. Loos ◽

R. Pretorius ◽

W.J.S. de Villiers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Tumour Microenvironment ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Molecular Regulation ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Insight Into

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NUMB regulates the endocytosis and activity of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase in an isoform-specific manner

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology ◽

10.1093/jmcb/mjz003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 994-1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ran Wei ◽

Xuguang Liu ◽

Courtney Voss ◽

Wentao Qin ◽

Lina Dagnino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Fate ◽

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase ◽

Degradation Pathway ◽

Anaplastic Lymphoma ◽

Mechanistic Insight ◽

Evolutionarily Conserved ◽

Specific Manner ◽

Insight Into

Abstract NUMB is an evolutionarily conserved protein that plays an important role in cell adhesion, migration, polarity, and cell fate determination. It has also been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of certain cancers, although it remains controversial whether NUMB functions as an oncoprotein or tumor suppressor. Here, we show that NUMB binds to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase aberrantly activated in several forms of cancer, and this interaction regulates the endocytosis and activity of ALK. Intriguingly, the function of the NUMB–ALK interaction is isoform-dependent. While both p66-NUMB and p72-NUMB isoforms are capable of mediating the endocytosis of ALK, the former directs ALK to the lysosomal degradation pathway, thus decreasing the overall ALK level and the downstream MAP kinase signal. In contrast, the p72-NUMB isoform promotes ALK recycling back to the plasma membrane, thereby maintaining the kinase in its active state. Our work sheds light on the controversial role of different isoforms of NUMB in tumorigenesis and provides mechanistic insight into ALK regulation.

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Tricetin Suppresses Migration and Presenilin-1 Expression of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma through Akt/GSK-3β Pathway

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x20500597 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (05) ◽

pp. 1203-1220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hsin-Yu Ho ◽

Frank Cheau-Feng Lin ◽

Pei-Ni Chen ◽

Mu-Kuan Chen ◽

Chung-Han Hsin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Molecular Regulation ◽

Presenilin 1 ◽

Migration And Invasion ◽

Akt Signaling Pathway ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Gsk 3Β ◽

Insight Into

Lymph node migration results in poor prognoses for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Tricetin, a flavonoid derivative, regulates tumorigenesis activity through its antiproliferative and antimetastatic properties. However, the molecular mechanism of tricetin affecting the migration and invasion of NPC cells remains poorly understood. In this paper, we examined the antimetastatic properties of tricetin in human NPC cells. Our results demonstrated that tricetin at noncytotoxic concentrations (0–80 3M) noticeably reduced the migration and invasion of NPC cells (HONE-1, NPC-39, and NPC-BM). Moreover, tricetin suppressed the indicative protease, presenilin-1 (PS-1), as indicated by protease array. PS-1 was transcriptionally inhibited via the Akt signaling pathway but not mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, such as the JNK, p38, and ERK1/2 pathways. In addition to upregulating GSK-3[Formula: see text] phosphorylation through Akt suppression, tricetin may downregulate the activity of PS-1. Overall, our study provides new insight into the role of tricetin-induced molecular regulation in the suppression of NPC metastasis and suggests that tricetin has prospective therapeutic applications for patients with NPC.

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Characterization of Zebrafish Pax1b and Pax9 in Fin Bud Development

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/309385 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Xuemei Chen ◽

Huizhe Huang ◽

Hua Wang ◽

Fengjin Guo ◽

Xiaogang Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Fate ◽

Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽

Cell Fate Determination ◽

Bone Maturation ◽

Bud Development ◽

Animal Development ◽

Precise Molecular Mechanism ◽

Insight Into

Both Pax1 and Pax9 belong to the important paired box gene family (PAX), which mainly participates in animal development and sclerotome differentiation. To date, the precise molecular mechanism and related signaling pathway of Pax1 remain unclear. In our study, microinjection of morpholino- (MO-) modified antisense oligonucleotides againstpax1binduced pectoral fin bud defects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the phenotypes caused by the knockdown of Pax1b in zebrafish could not be phenocopied bypax9MO and could not be rescued by either Pax1a or Pax9 overexpression. We further find that Pax1b affects the expression ofcol2a1, Uncx4.1, Noggin3, andaggrecan, confirming the role of Pax1b in chondrocyte differentiation and bone maturation. Moreover, we identify an interaction between PAX1 and FOXO1 and find that the interaction was enhanced under hypoxia stress. Together, this evidence for cell death caused bypax1bknockdown provides new insight into the role of the Pax protein family in cell fate determination and tissue specification.

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Computer Insight into the Molecular Level of Heart Failure. What is the Role of NCX?

Acta Polytechnica ◽

10.14311/917 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Fischer ◽

M. Mlček ◽

S. Konvičková ◽

O. Kittnar

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Diastolic Function ◽

Computer Simulations ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Calcium Handling ◽

Virtual Cell ◽

Intracellular Calcium Regulation ◽

Insight Into

Though congestive heart failure is a leading cause of death in our population, the pathophysiological mechanisms at molecular level remain to be elucidated. This paper discusses the contribution of NCX to the pathological pattern of intracellular calcium regulation and contraction on the basis of computer simulations of a virtual cell. The model comprises calcium handling mechanisms, troponin control and acto-myosin interactions. The contribution of NCX was studied by changing its activity and turning it off for some simulations.It was found that NCX helps to support diastolic function by reducing the Ca2 level during the diastole. At the same time there is a reduction in peak Cai and hence contraction. However, increased NCX activity does not seem to improve calcium handling and contraction crucially, as has been suggested by some authors.

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Centrosome Aurora A gradient ensures single polarity axis in C. elegans embryos

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20200298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 1243-1253 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sukriti Kapoor ◽

Sachin Kotak

Keyword(s):

Symmetry Breaking ◽

Cell Fate ◽

Cell Cortex ◽

Axis Formation ◽

Aurora A Kinase ◽

Aurora A ◽

C Elegans ◽

Cell Embryo ◽

Polarity Establishment

Cellular asymmetries are vital for generating cell fate diversity during development and in stem cells. In the newly fertilized Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, centrosomes are responsible for polarity establishment, i.e. anterior–posterior body axis formation. The signal for polarity originates from the centrosomes and is transmitted to the cell cortex, where it disassembles the actomyosin network. This event leads to symmetry breaking and the establishment of distinct domains of evolutionarily conserved PAR proteins. However, the identity of an essential component that localizes to the centrosomes and promotes symmetry breaking was unknown. Recent work has uncovered that the loss of Aurora A kinase (AIR-1 in C. elegans and hereafter referred to as Aurora A) in the one-cell embryo disrupts stereotypical actomyosin-based cortical flows that occur at the time of polarity establishment. This misregulation of actomyosin flow dynamics results in the occurrence of two polarity axes. Notably, the role of Aurora A in ensuring a single polarity axis is independent of its well-established function in centrosome maturation. The mechanism by which Aurora A directs symmetry breaking is likely through direct regulation of Rho-dependent contractility. In this mini-review, we will discuss the unconventional role of Aurora A kinase in polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos and propose a refined model of centrosome-dependent symmetry breaking.

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Plasminogen Activation In Vivo upon Intravenous Infusion of DDAVP

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648390 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 67 (01) ◽

pp. 111-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Marcel Levi ◽

Jan Paul de Boer ◽

Dorina Roem ◽

Jan Wouter ten Cate ◽

C Erik Hack

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Fibrinolytic System ◽

Plasminogen Activation ◽

Plasminogen Activator Activity ◽

Insight Into

SummaryInfusion of desamino-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) results in an increase in plasma plasminogen activator activity. Whether this increase results in the generation of plasmin in vivo has never been established.A novel sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of the complex between plasmin and its main inhibitor α2 antiplasmin (PAP complex) was developed using monoclonal antibodies preferentially reacting with complexed and inactivated α2-antiplasmin and monoclonal antibodies against plasmin. The assay was validated in healthy volunteers and in patients with an activated fibrinolytic system.Infusion of DDAVP in a randomized placebo controlled crossover study resulted in all volunteers in a 6.6-fold increase in PAP complex, which was maximal between 15 and 30 min after the start of the infusion. Hereafter, plasma levels of PAP complex decreased with an apparent half-life of disappearance of about 120 min. Infusion of DDAVP did not induce generation of thrombin, as measured by plasma levels of prothrombin fragment F1+2 and thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complex.We conclude that the increase in plasminogen activator activity upon the infusion of DDAVP results in the in vivo generation of plasmin, in the absence of coagulation activation. Studying the DDAVP induced increase in PAP complex of patients with thromboembolic disease and a defective plasminogen activator response upon DDAVP may provide more insight into the role of the fibrinolytic system in the pathogenesis of thrombosis.

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On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

Nottingham French Studies ◽

10.3366/nfs.2019.0252 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 249-259

Author(s):

Joseph Acquisto

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Political Crisis ◽

The Political ◽

Modern Poetry ◽

Progressive Politics ◽

The World ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

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