scholarly journals Assessment of Light Pollution in Parking Lots Using a Measuring System with a Drone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sielachowska ◽  
Maciej Zajkowski
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors

This article attempts to assess the light pollution of parking lots, using the proprietary measure-ment method with a drone. The main requirements, reflective features of parking lots and typical light curves of luminaires used in lighting this type of areas were presented. Calculations and simulations for various types of luminaires were performed, and then the obtained results were verified in real conditions. The main factors influencing the increase in light pollution were pre-sented and it was proved that it is possible to use the developed measurement method in order to assess the light pollution degree.

Reproduction potential-based differentiation of Russian regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304-1319
Author(s):  
M.V. Moroshkina
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Development ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Research Period

Subject. This article examines the issues related to changes in reproduction capacity and heterogeneity of the development of Russian regions. Objectives. The article aims to assess regional differentiation and investigate the main factors influencing the uneven development of the areas. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of comparative and correlation analyses. Results. The article identifies groups of leading and lagging Russian regions and assesses the possibility of convergence of Russian regions according to the analyzed indicators, such as GRP, GRP per capita, and the output of industry. Conclusions. The results obtained can be used when preparing strategic policy documents, spatial development programmes and concepts. The observed heterogeneity suggests that the regions maintain their positions throughout the research period.

Polymer composites as sensing materials for liquid organic solvents – preliminary results

e-Polymers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Frackowiak ◽  
Monika Maciejewska ◽  
Andrzej Szczurek ◽  
Marek Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Percolation Theory ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Volumetric Fraction ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Main Factors

AbstractCarbon black-filled polymer composites were investigated as sensing materials for organic liquids. Polypropylene and polystyrene which were selected as matrices and various amounts of carbon black were considered as the main factors influencing sensitivity of the composites in view of the percolation theory. Disposable filaments were produced of these materials. Change in their electrical resistivity was measured upon immersion in benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and their mixtures. It has been found that studied materials were sensitive to the composition of liquid mixtures of organic solvent. Relationships between the filament response and volumetric fraction of the components were presented. The studied materials have shown promising sensing properties, which suggest their applicability for identification and quantification of multicomponent organic liquids.

Factors Influencing Saudi Parents’ Choice of International Schools in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-232
Author(s):  
Hamdah Abdullah Alfaraidy
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
International Education ◽  
School Quality ◽  
International Schools ◽  
Traditional Schools ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Mandated Curriculum ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors

The Saudi Ministry of Education has recently begun to allow all Saudi families to enroll their children in international schools. The international curriculum offered by such schools represents a notably different choice compared with Saudi traditional public and private schools, both of which teach the same state-mandated curriculum. As a result of the change, there has been a surge in demand for international education; the number of schools has increased rapidly, and there has been a steady “student leak” towards them and away from traditional schools. Little is known about why Saudi parents choose to enroll their children in international schools. We explored this question by surveying 431 Saudi parents of children attending such schools to identify the main factors contributing to their choice. Although all factors examined were important to parents, curriculum and overall school quality emerged as the most important; socioeconomic status was not influential in their decisions.

scholarly journals Implementation Constraints on Israel–Palestine Water Cooperation: An Analysis Using the Water Governance Assessment Framework

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Liping Dai
Keyword(s):  
Water Governance ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Water Cooperation ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Business As Usual

This study uses a diagnostic and multidisciplinary water governance assessment framework to examine the main factors influencing water cooperation on the shared Mountain Aquifer between Israel and Palestine. It finds that effective cooperation between Israel and Palestine is unlikely in the foreseeable future if both parties persist with the business-as-usual approach. What constrains the two parties from achieving consensual agreement are political tensions, the constraints of current technology, the different perceptions of the value of the shared water, the mistrust between the two parties, the lack of external enforcement mechanisms, and the impacts of the domestic political environment.

scholarly journals Determining the Main Factors Influencing the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles in the Usage Phase

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Li ◽  
Patrick Stanula ◽  
Patricia Egede ◽  
Sami Kara ◽  
Christoph Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Usage Phase ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors

The Use of Sol-Gel Method for Obtaining Fire-Resistant Elastic Coatings on Cotton Fabrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 468-479
Author(s):  
Olga Skorodumova ◽  
Olena Tarakhno ◽  
Olena Chebotaryova ◽  
Oleg Bezuglov ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Emen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Silica Coatings ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
Main Factors

Based on the generalization of research results on the processes of obtaining SiO2 sols using tetraethoxysilane and ethyl silicates, the main factors influencing the elasticity of silica coatings on cotton fabrics and their fire-retardant properties are considered. The possibility of forming covalent bonds between the functional groups of cellulose, gel coating and flame retardant layer is considered, which explains the strong fixation of a thin layer of coating on the fibers of the fabric and improve its fire protection. The use of the developed compositions for fire-retardant elastic coatings based on ethyl silicate allows to increase the time of complete burning of cotton from 30s (untreated fabric) to 600s (treated with binary coating).

The measuring system for monitoring the microarc heating process during surface hardening of steel products

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Makar S. Stepanov ◽  
rina G. Koshlyakova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Measured Temperature

The accelerated heat treatment during steel products hardening technology has been investigated. The possibility of measuring the temperature of steel products by thermoelectric platinum-platinum-rhodium thermocouple under microarc heating conditions is analyzed. During the experiments, working junctions of two S-type thermocouples: working and standard, were coined into the sample surface at the same level. The free thermocouples ends were connected to a digital multimeter and a personal computer. It was determined that 5 factors affect the measurement results: the electric current strength in the circuit, carbon powder, calibration, number of repeated measurement cycles, and a thermocouple copy. When planning the experiment, the concept of conducting a step-by-step nested experiment was used. Variance analysis method was used to process the experimental results. The measurement method precision parameters were calculated: repeatability and reproducibility. A linear mathematical model linking the measurement method reproducibility index with the measured temperature value has been obtained. A linear mathematical model is obtained that relates the reproducibility index of the measurement method to the measured temperature value. A measuring system for the experimental determination of the temperature of a steel sample is proposed and its application is justified for different electric current densities on the sample surface and varying duration of microarc heating. The possibilities of selecting and controlling the microarc heating modes depending on the required temperature of the heat treatment of the steel product are determined.

Investigation of the SHS Process Initiation in Base Mixture during HFC-Heating and the Combustion Rate Dependence on Various Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 1031 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Ishkov ◽  
Vladimir N. Malikov ◽  
Alexander Shegolev
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Charge Composition ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Ignition And Combustion ◽  
Coating Layer Thickness

The paper describes the researches of the SHS process initiation in samples of powder mixtures of reagents intended for steel parts hardening with an excess of Al or B2O3 by a heat source. Mixtures of reagents with different weight ratios of components were used as samples. Thereat, the initiation of SHS process in thin layers was conducted with a coating layer thickness of no more than 6 mm for all tested compositions. The dependences of the combustion rate on various factors including particle size of powder materials and charge composition have been obtained. The main factors influencing the dependences of initiation (ignition) and combustion rate are established, and the degree of influence of these factors on the dependences is estimated. The obtained results made it possible to correct the composition of the base mixture reasonably in order to achieve the required combustion rate.

scholarly journals Retear rates after rotator cuff surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umile Giuseppe Longo ◽  
Arianna Carnevale ◽  
Ilaria Piergentili ◽  
Alessandra Berton ◽  
Vincenzo Candela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocol ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Tear Size

Abstract Background Rotator cuff retear (RCR) is one of the main postoperative drawbacks. RCR can be considered a multifactorial issue, which causes are related either to biological than biomechanical factors. The aim of this study was to define the incidence of RCR after surgical treatment at different time points and to identify the main factors influencing the postoperative rotator cuff (RC) healing. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of the literature was carried out in July 2020, using PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Only level 1 and 2 clinical evidence studies were included. Studies were included if patients with preoperative repairable full-thickness RC tears were treated surgically, and if studies reported postoperative RCR confirmed by imaging diagnostic. The association between timing of retear and follow-up time points were investigated using an inverse-variance method of pooling data. A subgroup meta-analysis was performed using the DerSimonian and Laird method for the estimation of the between-study variance, i.e., τ2. The association between retear rate after surgery and patients’ age, preoperative tear size, fatty infiltration, postoperative rehabilitation protocol, surgical techniques, and RC repairs was determined by expressing the effect measure in terms of odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The Mantel-Haenszel method with 95% CIs was used. Results Thirty-one articles were included in this study. The percentage of RCR after surgery was 15% at 3 months follow-up, 21% at 3–6 months follow-up, 16% at 6–12 months follow-up, 21% at 12–24 months follow-up, 16% at follow-up longer than 24 months. The main factors influencing RC healing are both patient-related (i.e., age, larger tear size, fatty infiltration) and not patient-related (i.e., postoperative rehabilitation protocol, surgical techniques, and procedures). Conclusions Postoperative RC healing is influenced by patient-related and non-patient-related factors. Further high-level clinical studies are needed to provide highly relevant clinical results.

scholarly journals МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ТЕРТЯ В ТЕКСТИЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛАХ

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Н. П. Супрун ◽  
М. Л. Рябчиков ◽  
І. О. Іванов
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Textile Material ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Friction Process ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Main Factors

Create a model for determining the coefficient of friction of textile materials to identify the main factors influencing the process of friction, taking into account the structural and mechanical properties of materials. Modeling of friction process in textile materials as a combination of adhesive and elastic phenomena. Roughness of solid bodies and the main parameters of roughness, such as the height of micro-irregularities, their pitch, sharpening, etc. described in many standards and scientific papers. However, the modeling of the friction process in such systems is very complicated due to the irregularity of distribution of microroughness. The analysis of literature data showed that the surface roughness of textile materials is an important and effective factor in predicting the tactile properties of products for various purposes. Estimation of surface roughness is usually carried out using subjective and objective methods, and the latter can be contact and non-contact. The paper develops a model for determining the coefficient of friction of textile materials to identify the main factors influencing the friction process, taking into account the structural and mechanical properties of materials. Friction force is presented as a combination of two main factors. The first is the elastic resistance to deformation, the second is the adhesive resistance to compression of the structural elements of the material. The main parameters influencing the coefficient of friction of textile fabrics - modulus of elasticity of structural elements, their geometrical parameters - surface density of textile material, linear density of structural elements are established. The obtained results allow to qualitatively predict the friction forces of a textile material with known parameters of its structural elements, as well as to normalize these parameters to create materials with specified friction indices. The obtained results make it possible to select the threads that form the textile material, according to the values of the modulus of elasticity, thickness, location density to ensure the minimum friction force.

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