scholarly journals Characteristic Quality of Pinrang’s Cocoa Beans During Fermentation Used Styrofoam Containers

Author(s):  
Erina Septianti ◽  
Salengke ◽  
Jumriah Langkong ◽  
Nandi K. Sukendar ◽  
Arini Putri Hanifa

Pinrang Regency is one of the regencies that contributes the largest production in South Sulawesi. The fermentation process is the stage of processing cocoa beans that must be carried out to guarantee the taste and aroma of good chocolate. The purpose of research is to study the effect of fermentation time with different cocoa clones on the quality characteristics of cocoa beans during fermentation. Characterization was held by observing the shape and color of the cocoa beans visually and measuring the temperature, pH, total acid, water content and fat content of the beans during fermentation. The results was showed that cocoa beans from local clones were better than Sulawesi 2 clones based on the quality characteristics of the beans produced. The best beans quality is on the 4 and 5 days of fermentation which produces an optimum temperature of around 45-47°C, pH around 5-5.4, total acid around 0.90%. Cocoa beans with a physical appearance and color that is bright enough, fat content around 50.45 %, and the water content is quite low around 4.97%. The quality of the cocoa beans produced is still in accordance with SNI 2323-2008. The use of styrofoam can be used as an alternative besides fermentation with wooden boxes that are usually done by farmers. The results of the study are expected to be used to obtain data and information on the characteristics of fermented cocoa beans, especially from Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi.  

Author(s):  
Asma Assa ◽  
Alfian Noor ◽  
Misnawi Misnawi ◽  
Muh. Natsir Djide ◽  
Muliadi Muliadi

Cocoa beans are raw materials of cocoa processed food products rich in protein and minerals. Availability of sufficient quantities greatly determines the nutritional quality of the food. One of the post-harvest processes affecting the protein and minerals contents in cocoa beans is fermentation. The purpose of this study was to determine the protein, macro, and micronutrients contents in fermented cocoa beans of PBC 123, BR 25, and MCC 02 clones with fermentation time variations for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. Methods of analysis used Kjeldahl and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that clones, fermentation time, and their interaction affect protein, macro and micronutrients content in cocoa beans. The interaction between BR 25 clone and 48-hour fermentation time showed the highest protein content (13.34%). The highest macronutrients content were found in PBC 123 clone with 72-hour fermentation time for Ca, in MCC 02 clone with 24-hour fermentation time for Mg, in BR 25 clone with 72-hour fermentation time for Na, and in BR 25 clone with 24-hour fermentation time for K. The highest micronutrients contents were found in PBC 123 clone  with 96-hour fermentation time for Fe, in MCC 02 clone with 120-hour fermentationtime for Mn, and in BR 25 clone with 96-hour fermentation time for Zn. Variations  of protein,  macronutrients and micronutrients contents in cocoa beans were affected  by clone variety and fermentation time treatment.


Author(s):  
Nandi K Sukendar ◽  
Abu Bakar Tawali ◽  
Salengke Salengke ◽  
Adiansyah Syarifuddin ◽  
Andi Hasizah Mochtar ◽  
...  

Cocoa is a plantation commodity that requires fermentation to improve the quality of flavor and aroma. Research on changes in physical and chemical properties during the spontaneous fermentation process of fresh cocoa beans for weight scales of 20, 40 and 60 kg have been carried out. This study aims to obtain information as an indicator of the success rate of the fermentation process of fresh cocoa beans, both on a small and large scale. The fermentation process lasts for 6 days with stirring starting on the second day until the sixth day, with an interval of 24 hours. The study design uses a randomized block design method (RBD) with two factors, namely the weight scale of seeds per box and fermentation time with three replications. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on the observed parameter indicators, namely temperature, pH and total acid, there was no significant difference in the profile of the physico-chemical properties during the fermentation process between the three weight scale levels. The physico-chemical condition shows a straight relationship with the quality of fermented cocoa beans, in accordance with the results of the cut test.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Ridawati Marpaung ◽  
Siti Nurlina Putri

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik mutu organoleptik olahan coklat dengan lama fermentasi yang berbeda pada biji kakao lindak. Fermentasi hingga pengeringan biji kakao dilaksanakan  di RT 12 Kelurahan Sungai Asam Kecamatan Pasar Jambi dan proses pengolahan coklat serta analisis organoleptik olahan coklat dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Dasar Universitas Batanghari Jambi mulai bulan Mei sampai Juli 2019. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan perlakuan lama fermentasi yang berbeda, sebagai berikut: F0 = tidak difermentasi, F1 = fermentasi 2 hari,  F2 = fermentasi 4 hari, F3 = fermentasi 6 hari,  dan F4 = fermentasi 8 hari. Setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali sehingga terdapat 15 unit percobaan, setiap unit percobaan sebanyak 1 kg biji kakao,sehingga jumlah keseluruhan biji kakao adalah 15 kg. Peubah yang diamati adalah warna, aroma, cita rasa, kepahitan, kesukaan pada coklat, pH dan kadar air biji kakao kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama fermentasi yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap mutu organoleptik warna, aroma, cita rasa, kesukaan serta pH dan kadar air biji kakao kering, tetapi berbeda tidak nyata terhadap kepahitan. Penilaian tertinggi terhadap warna, aroma, cita rasa, kepahitan dan kesukaan terdapat pada perlakuan lama fermentasi 6 hari dan 8 hari.Kata kunci : fermentasi, kakao lindak, mutu organoleptik coklat. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the organoleptic quality characteristics of processed chocolate with different fermentation times on the cocoa beans. Fermentation up to drying of cocoa beans is carried out in RT 12 Kelurahan Sungai Asam, Pasar Jambi district and the processing of chocolate and organoleptic analysis of chocolate are carried out at the Laboratory of the University of Batanghari Jambi from May to July 2019. The study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD), with treatment different fermentation time, as follows: F0 = not fermented, F1 = 2 days fermentation, F2 = 4 days fermentation, F3 = 6 days fermentation, and F4 = 8 days fermentation. Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that there were 15 units of experiment, each unit of experiment was 1 kg of cocoa beans, so that the total number of cocoa beans was 15 kg. Variables observed were color, flavor, taste, bitterness, preference for chocolate, pH and moisture content of dried cocoa beans. The results showed that different fermentation time significantly affected the organoleptic quality of color, flavor, taste, preferences and pH and water content of dried cocoa beans, but not significantly different from bitterness. The highest assessment of color, flavor, taste, bitterness and likeness is found in the 6-days and 8-days fermentation treatment.Keywords: fermentation, bulk cocoa, chocolate organoleptic quality


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Heru Prono Widayat

(Quality Characteristics Of Aceh Cacao Beans Resulted From Different Fermentation Methods)ABSTRACT. Response of cocoa beans to any fermentation treatment may vary according to crop variety, farming conditions and practices, and fermentation methods; including type of beans stirring methods and stirring frequencies applied during fermentation period. The objective of this research is to study quality characteristics of Aceh fermented cocoa beans treated with different stirring methods and stirring frequencies. The cocoa beans of 40 cm mass depth were kept in 53x40x50 cm rattan buckets and were fermented for 5 days. Beans stirring during fermentation was conducted either by in-place stirring andreplace-stirring to other rattan bucket. Stirring period was set for each 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours of fermentation time. Beans temperature, pH, and total sugar content for each stirring period along five days-fermentationtime were recorded. The fermented beans were sundried for moisture content of approximately 6%. The results showed that the beans temperature during fermentation increased up to 45.7-46.6oC on the third-day and then decreased to 37.9-40.4oC on the fifth-day. The highest temperature (46.6oC) was recorded for in-place stirring with stirring period of 48 hours. The pH value of the beans decreased from 5.6-5.9 on the first-day to 3.2-3.4 on the fourth-day and then slightly increased to 3.4 in average on the fifth-day. The total sugar content decreased from 9.1-9.6% on the first-day to approximately 0.4% on the fifth-day. Quality analysis of the fermented beans showed that pH value varied 5.5-5.8 and fat content was 47.9-49.1%. The best quality of fermented beans was found for replace-stirring method with stirring period of 24 hours. This treatment resulted in fermented cocoa beans with 0.4% moldy, 17.5% partly purple, 3.0% slaty, and 76.7% fully fermented.


2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bakrie ◽  
Y. Sastro ◽  
N. R. Sudolar

This research aimed at investigating the effect using molasses and cornmeal as additives with Lactobacillus sp. and Streptomyces sp. as inoculums during fermentation on the quality of silage flour made from dead chickens. The study was conducted using a completely randomized factorial design, consisting of 2 factors with 5 replications. The materials used were the newly dead chickens which were chopped and mixed thoroughly with all ingredients; then transferred into a 5 liters plastic box for fermentation. Observations were made after 3 weeks fermentation, including: a) physical characteristics, b) microbial contents, and c) nutritional contents. The data were calculated using variance analysis utilizing computer program of SPSS version 21.0. It was found that based on the protein contents the Lactobacillus sp. (19.0%) was better than the Streptomyces sp. (17.8%) if combined with molasses and corn meal as the accelerators. However, the fat contents produced were relatively similar for both of the inoculums (mean of 37.8%). It can be concluded that in order to obtain a best fermented product in terms of the protein and fat content, the dead chicken should be fermented using molasses and cornmeal as the accelerator and Lactobacillus sp. as the inoculum.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Pamella Mercy Papilaya

Gandaria plant grows with tree habitus with a height of up to 27 m Spread of gandaria plants in Maluku, generally on Ambon Island and Saparua on Ambon Island, gandaria plants are spread from the coast to the hills. This study aims to determine the quality of sugar content, total acid, pH, water content and production of gandaria fruit (Bouea macrophylla Griff) in different geographical conditions on the island of Ambon using a purposive sampling method and laboratory analysis. The results showed that at an altitude of 0-400 asl with a production of 654 kg, 400-700 asl with a production of 681 kg and an altitude of 700-1100 asl producing 925 kg and the height of the place also affected the quality of gandaria with an average total sugar of 12.69%, content water 80.18%, acidity level 6.81% and pH 3. It was concluded that the higher the altitude of the place will affect the production and quality of gandaria fruit (Bouea macrophylla Griff).


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Made Suladra

The research was designed to determine the optimal fermentation time and the amount of cassava flour which can be used to produce sticks food crispy cassava flour. This research was done in two stages; The first stage, the optimization of fermentation used completely randomized design (CRD) with time at room temperature for fermentation; 1 day, 2 days 3 days and 4 days. The water content, total acid content and fiber content were analyzed. The second stage, cassava starch fermentation time selected was used for production of food sticks using a CRD with 4 treatments of cassava flour; 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%. baking testing, moisture, reducing sugar, crude fiber content, and organoleptic tests were analyzed. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA and the differences among treatments were tested by the method Duncan`s Multiple Ranges Test (DMRT) at the level of 5%. The results showed shredded cassava fermentation by R. oryzae AT3 at room temperature for 3 days in a sealed plastic to produce cassava flour that have; the water content of 13.10%, total acid 1.01%, crude fiber 3.08%, and white flour. Stick dough composition consisting of 50% flour and 50% of cassava starch fermented for 3 days were the best sticks food, preferred, and have organoleptic properties; crisp texture, light brown and slightly savory taste tasted cassava flour. Stick food with the addition of 50% cassava flour has a water content of 2.24%, crude fiber of 2.23%, reduced sugar of 2.27%, and fried after baking of 77.50%.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Nyoman Arinata ◽  
Ni Luh Yulianti ◽  
Gede Arda

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi dimensi wadah dan lama fermentasi terhadap pengeringan biji kakao dari hasil fermentasi dengan dimensi wadah yang berbeda dan untuk mengetahui perlakuan terbaik dari hasil pengeringan biji kakao setelah proses fermentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu faktor pertama adalah dimensi wadah yang berupa kotak kayu yang terdiri dari tiga dimensi yang berbeda yaitu kotak kayu berukuran 19,5 cm x 19,5 cm x 25,5 cm dengan kapasitas biji kakao segar 5,5 kg, kotak kayu berukuran 21,5 cm x 21,5 cm x 28 cm dengan kapasitas biji kakao segar 7,5 kg, dan kotak kayu berukuran 23,5 cm x 23,5 cm x 29,5 cm dengan kapasitas biji kakao segar 9,5 kg. Faktor kedua adalah lama fermentasi, yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 5 hari, 6 hari dan 7 hari. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah suhu fermentasi, kadar air, jumlah biji per 100 gram, kadar kulit dan uji belah/ cut test yang meliputi biji tidak terfermentasi, biji setengah terfermentasi, biji terfermentasi sempurna, biji berkecambah, biji berjamur dan biji berserangga. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan wadah dan lama fermentasi berpengaruh terhadap suhu fermentasi, jumlah biji per 100 gram, kadar air, kadar kulit dan hasil uji belah yaitu biji tidak terfermentasi dan biji terfermentasi sempurna. Perlakuan proses fermentasi yang menggunakan dimensi wadah terbaik adalah dimensi kotak kayu berukuran 23,5 cm x 23,5 cm x 29,5 cm dengan kapasitas 9,5 kg yang difermentasikan selama 6 hari yaitu dengan suhu maksimal fermentasi yang dicapai sebesar 45,50 oC, jumlah biji per 100 gram sebesar 83, kadar air sebesar 7,4% Bb, kadar kulit sebesar 10,97%, hasil uji belah biji tidak terfermentasi 2%, biji setengah fermentasi 15%, biji terfermentasi sempurna 82% dan biji yang berjamur 0%, berkecambah 0% dan berserangga 0%. Kata kunci: kakao, dimensi wadah, lama fermentasi, pengeringan biji kakao.   The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in container dimensions and fermentation time on drying cocoa beans from fermented products with different container dimensions and to determine the best treatment of the results of drying cocoa beans after the fermentation process. This research uses a factorial complete random design with two factors, the first factor is the dimensions of the container in the form of a wooden box consisting of three different dimensions, namely a wooden box measuring 19.5 cm x 19.5 cm x 25.5 cm with the capacity of cocoa beans fresh 5.5 kg, wooden boxes measuring 21.5 cm x 21.5 cm x 28 cm with a capacity of fresh cocoa beans 7.5 kg, and wooden boxes measuring 23.5 cm x 23.5 cm x 29.5 cm with the capacity of fresh cocoa beans is 9.5 kg. The second factor is fermentation time, which consists of three levels, namely 5 days, 6 days and 7 days. The parameters observed in this study were fermentation temperature, water content, number of beans per 100 grams, skin content and cut test which included unfermented beans, semi-fermented beans, perfectly fermented beans, germinated beans, moldy beans and insects. The results of the research conducted showed that the treatment of the container and the fermentation time affected the fermentation temperature, the number of beans per 100 grams, moisture content, skin content and the results of the split test ie not fermented and perfectly fermented seeds. The fermentation process that uses the best container dimensions is the dimension of a wooden box measuring 23.5 cm x 23.5 cm x 29.5 cm with a capacity of 9.5 kg fermented for 6 days, with a maximum temperature of fermentation achieved at 45.50 oC , the number of beans per 100 grams is 83, water content of 7,4% Bb, the skin content is 10.97%, the test results are not fermented 2%, half fermented beans 15%, 82% fermented beans and 0% moldy beans, 0% germination and 0 insects %. Keywords: cocoa, container dimensions, fermentation time, cocoa beans drying.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
NFN Misgiyarta ◽  
Anas Miftah Fauzi ◽  
Khaswar Syamsu ◽  
S Joni Munarso

<p>Kualitas biji kakao fermentasi rendah  karena kualitas starter mikroba untuk fermentasi biji kakao rendah. Seleksi starter mikroba diperlukan untuk mendapatkan starter yang unggul. Ada dua jenis starter, yaitu starter cair dan starter kering. Starter cair banyak digunakan untuk fermentasi biji kakao. Starter yang diuji adalah starter cair, yaitu starter Inoka, starter cair BB-Pasca, dan starter <em>yoghurt</em>. Seleksi starter mikroba dilakukan dengan memfermentasi pulp biji kakao selama 24 jam pada berbagai suhu fermentasi (20<sup>o</sup>C, 30<sup>o</sup>C, dan 40<sup>o</sup>C). Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah total mikroba, laju pertumbuhan mikroba starter, tingkat konsumsi gula pereduksi oleh mikroba starter, total asam yang diproduksi, tingkat penurunan pH, dan peningkatan suhu fermentasi serta korelasi antara parameter pengamatan penelitian. Starter cair unggul yang terpilih adalah starter cair Inoka. Karakteristik starter Inoka adalah memiliki tingkat laju pertumbuhan μ = 0.470, konsumsi gula pereduksi oleh mikroba starter 12%, peningkatan asam total 7%, penurunan pH 5,2, dan peningkatan suhu fermentasi 1,56<sup>o</sup>C  serta korelasi antara parameter penelitian di atas 0,61.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Selection of Superior Liquid Starters for Cocoa Beans Fermentation</strong></p><p>The quality of fermented cocoa beans varies because the microbial starter for fermented cocoa beans varies. The selection of starter is needed to get a superior starter. The starter tested is a liquid starter, that is the Inoka starter, the BB-Pasca liquid starter, the yoghurt. The selection of starter is done by fermenting cocoa bean pulp for 24 hours at various fermentation temperatures (20<sup>o</sup>C, 30<sup>o</sup>C and 40<sup>o</sup>C). The parameters observed were total microbial count, microbial growth rate of starter, consumption of reducing sugars by starter microbes, total acid produced, decrease of pH, and increase of fermentation temperature and the correlation between the parameters of the study. The selected superior liquid starter is the Inoka liquid starter. The characteristics of Inoka starter are to have a growth rate of μ = 0.470, consumption of reducing sugars by starter microbes 12%, total acid increase of 7%, decrease in pH 5.2, and increase in fermentation temperature of 1.56<sup>o</sup>C and correlation between research parameters above 0.61.</p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rosita Dewi ◽  
Siti Aminah ◽  
Agus Suyanto

The addition of maltodextrin is known to coat flavor components, increase volume, accelerate the drying process, prevent heat damage and increase solubility and characteristic quality of sensory. The general purpose of the research is to know the effect of variation of maltodextrin addition to physical characteristics (white degree, solubility and water absorption), chemistry (water content, ash content, fat content, protein and carbohydrate) and sensory milk quality of instant soybean sprouts based on variation of maltodextrin addition. The method of this research is monofactorial experiment, which consists of 5 treatment of maltodextrin concentration, 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Each treatment was repeated 5 times, so that 25 experimental units were obtained. Physical and chemical test results were analyzed using Anova method followed by Duncan's advanced test while the sensory quality test data were analyzed using Friedman followed by Wilcoxon's advanced test. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the addition of maltodextrin concentration to physical test (white degree, solubility and water absorption) and water content, crude fiber, protein and carbohydrate but no significant effect on ash and fat content. Instant soybean sprouts with a 15-20% maltodextrin variation yield the best physical, chemical and sensory quality.


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