scholarly journals Post-Asean Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution: How to Settle the Dispute Settlement?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Fadia Fitriyanti ◽  
Yordan Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Definition Of

Forest fire happened several times in Indonesia which impacting neighboring countries, such as Malaysia and Singapore. ASEAN tried to "heal" and prevent the possibility of similar events by signing the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP) for its members. In line with that, this research examined the concern of the state responsibility principle and its dispute resolution as well as a mechanism under the Agreement in dealing with the transboundary haze pollution in ASEAN. The research conducted by using normative theory by using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, collected from library research. Data analysis uses statute approach and case approach. Furthermore, the resulting research is in the form of analytical descriptive. The researchers argue that AATHP it is not explained in detail about the forms, mechanisms, and consequences that can be given to a country that has caused forest fires in the national jurisdiction and proven damage other countries. The researchers conclude that there should be a clear definition of state responsibility by means of a visible dispute settlement. Those mentioned steps are aimed to prepare for both preventive and punitive legal action for all members of ASEAN in dealing with the case of transboundary haze pollution.

scholarly journals The State's Responsibility in Forest Fires in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arifin Gultom
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
Collection Methods

The problem of forest fires becomes a complex problem and even impacts not only the domestic sphere, but also has an impact on foreign countries (neighbors). This problem arises not only due to natural factors, but also due to human factors. This is an extraordinary crime, which is constitutionally the responsibility of the state. This study aims to analyze how the concept of state responsibility in the issue of forest fires in the case approach and the concept of green constituency. The method used in this research is normative legal research premises library research data collection methods. Which shows that the government in the case of forest fires is constitutionally responsible, because Indonesia adheres to the concept of green constitution which reinforces the ecological position in the development of the nation and state.

scholarly journals INDONESIA ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY REFORMED: CASE STUDIES OF GREENING ASEAN WAY AND PEAT RESTORATION AGENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Verdinand Robertua ◽  
Lubendik Sigalingging
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Environmental Diplomacy ◽  
Definition Of

There is an increasing pessimism on the role of state as the guardian of environmental livelihood due to the recurring of environmental disasters. Moving to a new global environmental governance seems inevitable due to the importance of economic development and social justice within the classical definition of environmental diplomacy.By using the case of “greening ASEAN Way” and the establishment of Indonesia’s peat restoration agency, this article attempted to reinvigorate environmental diplomacy using English School theoretical framework. This research obtained primary data from semi-structured interview with Indonesian officials in Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Peat Restoration Agency as well as from the observation of the implementation of peatland restoration in Indonesia.This research has three conclusions. Firstly, Indonesia is an important actor in the mitigation of many regional and global environmental issues including forest fires and transboundary haze. Secondly, the ratification of ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution and the establishment of peat restoration agency are part of the reinvigoration of Indonesia environmental diplomacy. Lastly, Indonesia’s reformed environmental diplomacy still faced problem on the relationship between central government and local government.

Bias Gender Dalam Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Arab untuk Tingkat Madrasah Tsanawiyah Karya Darsono dan T. Ibrahim

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Maulana Khusen
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Library Research

Ketidakadilan gender yang terjadi pada pendidikan formal di sekolah, sering kali tanpa disadari oleh para pendidik. Melalui buku-buku pelajaran wajib, seperti buku pelajaran bahasa Arab, konsep bias gender tersosialisasikan kepada para siswa-siswi. Hal ini diakibatkan kurang selektifnya guru dalam memilih bahan ajar.Fokus pada penelitian ini adalah untuk menjawab permasalahan mengenai bentuk bias gender dalam buku pelajaran bahasa Arab untuk tingkat Madrasah Tsanawiyah yang selama ini tersosialisasikan kepada siswa-siswi dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas, tanpa disadari oleh para guru.Penelitian ini termasuk library research. Data diperoleh dari tulisantulisan yang berbicara tentang bias gender dalam buku pelajaran. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode content analysis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, buku pelajaran bahasa Arab untuk tingkat Madrasah Tsanawiyah mempunyai peran yang sangat besar dan bermakna dalam penyampaian pesan-pesan kultur dan budaya, di antaranya tentang konsep bias gender. Dalam buku pelajaran bahasa Arab, bias gender tersosialisasikan melalui rumusan teks, kalimat dan gambar (ilustrasi dalam buku). Bentuk bias gender yang ditemukan adalah posisi mendominasi lakilaki dan tersubordinasinya perempuan, pelabelan sifat maskulin untuk lakilakidan feminim untuk perempuan, dan pembagian peran gender di mana lakilaki cenderung bekerja pada sektor publik, sementara perempuan pada sektor domestik. Sementara itu, bentuk bias gender yang paling banyak ditemukan dalam setiap buku pelajaran bahasa Arab adalah posisi mendominasi laki-laki dan tersubordinasinya perempuan, baik dalam rumusan teks, kalimat, maupun gambar.

The first flush in sewer systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Saget ◽  
Ghassan Chebbo ◽  
Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Real Data ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Appearance Frequency

The first flush phenomenon of urban wet weather discharges is presently a controversial subject. Scientists do not agree with its reality, nor with its influences on the size of treatment works. Those disagreements mainly result from the unclear definition of the phenomenon. The objective of this article is first to provide a simple and clear definition of the first flush and then to apply it to real data and to obtain results about its appearance frequency. The data originate from the French database based on the quality of urban wet weather discharges. We use 80 events from 7 separately sewered basins, and 117 events from 7 combined sewered basins. The main result is that the first flush phenomenon is very scarce, anyway too scarce to be used to elaborate a treatment strategy against pollution generated by urban wet weather discharges.

Identifying Community Interests in International Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Wolfrum
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
International Community ◽  
Available P ◽  
General Question ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
Settlement Systems ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Advisory Opinions

This chapter explores the general question of how to establish that the regulation of a certain matter constitutes a matter of community-wide concern, which is the necessary step for the recognition of community obligation. The hypothesis is that such a qualification must, first, be well founded factually and, secondly, accepted as such in a legal or political legitimizing process. On this basis, the chapter suggests that the governance of spaces beyond national jurisdiction constitutes a community interest and has to be guided by the interests of the international community. Exploring this question with respect to key common spaces and particular issues, the chapter notes the difficulty of most of the dispute settlement systems, which, being bilateral, are not fully adequate to address questions related to the management of global commons as well as for the protection of the environment. To avoid this difficulty, the chapter suggests greater reliance on advisory opinions where available.

scholarly journals Methods for Pain Assessment in Calves and Their Use for the Evaluation of Pain during Different Procedures—A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Theresa Tschoner
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Evaluation And Assessment

The evaluation and assessment of the level of pain calves are experiencing is important, as the experience of pain (e.g., due to routine husbandry procedures) severely affects the welfare of calves. Studies about the recognition of pain in calves, and especially pain management during and after common procedures, such as castration, dehorning, and disbudding, have been published. This narrative review discusses and summarizes the existing literature about methods for pain assessment in calves. First, it deals with the definition of pain and the challenges associated with the recognition of pain in calves. Then it proceeds to outline the different options and methods for subjective and objective pain assessment in calves, as described in the literature. Research data show that there are several tools suitable for the assessment of pain in calves, at least for research purposes. Finally, it concludes that for research purposes, various variables for the assessment of pain in calves are used in combination. However, there is no variable which can be used solely for the exclusive assessment of pain in calves. Also, further research is needed to describe biomarkers or variables which are easily accessible in the field practice.

scholarly journals SIMULTANEOUS DEFINITION OF KEY CHARACTERISTICS IN ORDER TO FACILITATE ROBUST DESIGN IN EARLY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STAGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2691-2700
Author(s):  
Stefan Goetz ◽  
Dennis Horber ◽  
Benjamin Schleich ◽  
Sandro Wartzack
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Robust Design ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Implicit Information ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe success of complex product development projects strongly depends on the clear definition of target factors that allow a reliable statement about the fulfilment of the product requirements. In the context of tolerancing and robust design, Key Characteristics (KCs) have been established for this purpose and form the basis for all downstream activities. In order to integrate the activities related to the KC definition into product development as early as possible, the often vaguely formulated requirements must be translated into quantifiable KCs. However, this is primarily a manual process, so the results strongly depend on the experience of the design engineer.In order to overcome this problem, a novel computer-aided approach is presented, which automatically derives associated functions and KCs already during the definition of product requirements. The approach uses natural language processing and formalized design knowledge to extract and provide implicit information from the requirements. This leads to a clear definition of the requirements and KCs and thus creates a founded basis for robustness evaluation at the beginning of the concept design stage. The approach is exemplarily applied to a window lifter.

Euphoria

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wilmot
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Euphoria is by definition ambiguous. Some researchers have noted it is a cause for drug taking while others have viewed it as the effect of taking drugs, To date there is no clear definition of what “euphoria” is or how it enters into career drug use or abuse. This article proposes that “euphoria” is metaphoric, and on that basis may be learned. Learning to use drugs euphorically is the key to controlled drug use and ultimately the control of drug abuse.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document