ADSORBSI ZAT WARNA ALAMI BUAH MANGROVE JENIS RHIZOPHORA STYLOSA DAN KULIT KAYU TINGI KE DALAM KAIN DENGAN PENGUNCI TUNJUNG DAN TAWAS

The textile industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly, this is confirmed by data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) which shows that the production of the clothing industry has experienced a significant growth of 15.29 percent in 2019. The use of textile dyes will cause waste problems in the environment. So we need natural dyes as a safer and environmentally friendly alternative. The purpose of this study was to obtain data analysis and to determine the adsorption equilibrium value of the natural dye solution of mangrove Rhizophora stylosa and tingi bark with variations in the amount of dyeing in primisima cloth by comparing it with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations and knowing the role of tunjung and alum in the process of fixing dyes into cloth. This study used a solid-liquid extraction method and then tested by spectrophotometry to obtain initial concentration data. Next, pour the dye that has been tested for its tannin content into a measuring cup and insert the cloth as a medium for mass transfer of tannins from liquid to solid. Samples were taken for each dyeing and tested for tannin content by spectrophotometry and the Ca value was obtained. Isotherm pattern testing. The adsorption test for the absorption process of tannins in natural dyes by cloth was carried out by calculating using the Langmuir and Freundlich equation. Furthermore, the cloth that has been dyed is fixed by tunjung and alum.The most suitable determination of the adsorption capacity of the cloth against natural dyes Rhizopora stylosa and tingi bark is by using the Freundlich adsorption equation compared to the Langmuir equation. This is evidenced by the error value of the Freundlich equation is smaller than the Langmuir equation by showing the value of R2 which is close to number 1. The constant value of the Langmuir equation tingi bark for three times of dyeing obtained the b value is 0.2338 mg/gr and the k value is 0.00517 L/gr. For five of dyeing, the b value is 0.10817 mg/gr and the k value is 0.00421 L/gr. For the seven times of dyeing, the b value is 0.0670 mg/gr and the k value is 0.003899 L/gr. Whereas in the Freundlich equation for tingi bark for three times of dyeing, the n value is 0.4312 mg/g and the k value is 0.36374 x 103 L/gr. For five of dyeing, the n value is 0.30114 mg/g and the k value is 0.99586 x 105 L/g. For seven of dyeing, the n value is 0.2424 mg/g and the k value is 0.9354 x 107 L/g. The constant value of the Langmuir Rhizopora stylosa equation for three times of dyeing, the b value is 0.15635 mg / gr and the k value is 0.005224 L/gr. For five of dyeing, the b value is 0.08141 mg/gr and the k value is 0.004415 L/gr. For the seven of dyeing, the b value is 0.04909 mg/gr and the k value is 0.00408 L/gr. Whereas in the Freundlich equation for Rhizopora stylosa for three times of dyeing, the n value is 0.3862 mg/g and the k value is 0.1090 x 104 L/g. For five of dyeing, the n value is 0.2733 mg/g and the k value is 0.4355 x 106 L/g. For seven of dyeing, the n value is 0.2126 mg/g and the k value is 0.1545 x 109 L/g. It can be concluded that the more dyeing, the less the absorbency of the cloth on tannins. The color change of fixation the cloth in the dyeing of Rhizopora stylosa extract with tunjung is from brown to grayish brown, while with alum from brown to dark brown. The color change of fixation the cloth in the dyeing of tingi bark extract with alum is from brown to black, while with alum from brown to dark brown.@font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536869121 1107305727 33554432 0 415 0;}@font-face {font-family:Garamond; panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 2 0 0 159 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:.5pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:-.5pt; line-height:103%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Garamond",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family:Garamond; color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:DengXian; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}.MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:8.0pt; line-height:107%;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;}

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Evaluation of Color Changes of Different Resin Cements in Feldspathic Ceramic Crowns After Accelerated Aging: An In Vitro Research

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/23202068211044390 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 232020682110443

Author(s):

Murat Eskitaşçıoğlu ◽

Mehmet Şerif Akdeniz ◽

Beyza Ünalan Değirmenci

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

B Value ◽

Resin Cements ◽

Color Changes ◽

A Value ◽

L Value ◽

Ceramic Crowns ◽

The Times

Aims: To evaluate the color changes that occur after accelerated aging in feldspathic ceramic crowns cemented with three different dual-cured resin cements. Materials and Methods: For each of the A2-colored RelyX U200, G-CEM LinkForce, and Panavia V5 cement groups, 45 dies from A2-colored zirconia blocks and 45 crowns from CEREC blocks were prepared. Color measurements after 24 h of cementation (T1) and after cycles of aging of 1750 (T2), 3500 (T3), and 7000 (T4) in the thermal cycle device were made using SpectroShade Micro device. The coordinates of the color were used L*, a*, and b* as base and the color change was calculated with ∆ E00 in determining the color. One-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the times in terms of ∆ L*, ∆ a*, and ∆ b* values. Results: It was found that ∆ L* value decreased significantly in period of the T2, T3, and T4 times compared to T1 in all groups ( P < .05), whereas the change between period of T2, T3, and T4 times was not significant ( P > .05). The ∆ a* value increased significantly in the period of T3 and T4 times compared to T1 in the only G-CEM LinkForce group, whereas the ∆ b* value increased significantly in the period of T4 time compared to T1 in the only Panavia V5 group. The changes in ∆ E00 values, which were observed in all period of times, were found to be between 0.43 and 1.04, 0.43 and 1.43, and 0.40 and 0.97 in RelyX U200, G-CEM LinkForce, and Panavia V5 groups, respectively. Conclusion: After accelerated aging, it was found that the color of all cements became darker and the G-CEM LinkForce group turned red and the Panavia V5 group turned yellow. However, it was found that the color changes that occurred were within clinically acceptable visible levels.

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Chemical Structure of Mangrove Species Rhizophora stylosa as Natural Dyes

METANA ◽

10.14710/metana.v16i1.30417 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Paryanto Paryanto ◽

Sunu Herwi Pranolo ◽

Ari Diana Susanti ◽

Kristina Ratna Dewi ◽

Meydiana Rossari

Keyword(s):

Chemical Structure ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Rhizophora Stylosa ◽

Solid Mixture ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Solid Liquid

Textile dyes are divided into two types, natural dyes and synthetic dyes. Natural dyes commonly made from extraction. Extraction is a process in which one or more components are separated selectively from a liquid or solid mixture, the feed, by means of a liquid immiscible solvent. Extraction can be classified into two group, liquid extraction and solid-liquid extraction. Solvents that are usually used in the extraction of natural dyes are aquades and ethanol. The purpose of this research was to determine the chemical structure, especially tannin in natural dyes from mangrove species Rhizophora stylosa through several samples testing natural dyes. Rhizophora stylosa that have been extracted and evaporated will conducted several tests to obtain chemical structures in natural dyes and yield of tannin in natural dyes. Tests carried out include testing FT-IR, and HPLC. Based on FT-IR analysis, the extraction of Rhizophora stylosa containing tannin indicated by the presence of hydroxyl (O-H) in the area of 3385.36 cm-1, aromatic (C-H) in the area of 1365.53 cm-1, carbonyl (C=O) in the area 1646.36 cm-1, esters (C-O) in the area 1217.30 cm-1. While tannin content obtained from the analysis of HPLC were 6.087 ppm.

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Adsorption of Five Phenylurea Herbicides by Selected Soils of Czechoslovakia

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500069186 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 368-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Josef Kozak ◽

Jerome B. Weber

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Adsorption Isotherms ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Langmuir Equation ◽

Phenylurea Herbicides ◽

Soil Organic Matter Content ◽

Freundlich Equation

Adsorption of five phenylurea herbicides, metobromuron [3-(p-bromophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], monolinuron [3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxyl-1-methylurea], linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], chlorbromuron [3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], and CGA-15646 [3-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] by eight selected soils of Czechoslovakia were studied. Constants from Freundlich and Langmuir equations were calculated and correlated with the major soil properties. Freundlich K values ranged from 1.84 to 128, and the Freundlich equation was better fitted to the adsorption isotherms than was the Langmuir equation. Soil organic-matter content was the most important factor influencing the range of adsorption.

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Dyeing silk and cotton fabrics using Fuji apple peel and the properties of the dyed fabrics

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/00405175211008617 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 004051752110086

Author(s):

Akemi Yasukawa ◽

Momoko Fukuyama ◽

Kunihisa Iwai

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Color Strength ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Silk Fibers ◽

Apple Peel ◽

Fuji Apple ◽

Dyed Fabrics ◽

Mordant Dyeing

A new source of natural dyes, which possessed antibacterial and UV protection properties, was proposed. Natural dyes were extracted from Fuji apple peel. The extract contained two anthocyanins and five quercetin glycosides. Silk and cotton fabrics were dyed using the extract with and without six types of mordants: Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+, Ti4+, Fe3+, and Cu2+. The properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated by various means. The K/S values were used to show relative color strength of the dyed fabrics and the CIELAB color system was used to show the color hue of the dyed fabrics. The crystallinity of the silk was lower than that of the cotton. The silk was dyed deeper than the cotton regardless of the dyeing conditions, including dyeing temperature, dyeing period, and solution pH. This result comes from the existence of carboxyl and amino groups and low crystallinity of silk fibers. Fabrics with various colors, including pink, green, brown, and gray, were obtained by mordant dyeing. The dyed fabrics had splendid performance; that is, antibacterial and UV shielding properties. Color fastness to washing (color change) was comparably low but was enhanced with Ti4+ and Fe3+ mordants.

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Seismotectonic-Geologic Hazards Zoning of Iran

Earth Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.15446/esrj.v19n1.40664 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 7-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Mehran Arian

Keyword(s):

Continental Crust ◽

B Value ◽

Seismic Hazards ◽

Moho Discontinuity ◽

Earthquake Hazards ◽

Font Size ◽

Seismogenic Layer ◽

Deep Earthquakes ◽

Geologic Hazards ◽

Tectonic Settings

Seismotectonic-geologic hazards zoning map of Iran is drawn based on deterministic seismic hazards evaluation using the seismicity records, structural trends, tectonic settings, fault ruptures and neotectonics activities in Iran. This map has been prepared to indicate the seismotectonic-geologic hazards of Iran. It contains the earthquake hazards parameters such as b value and Mmax for the nineteen seismotectonic provinces. Furthermore, Moho discontinuity depth, seismogenic layer depths and seismic rates for all provinces are investigated. The majority of deformation in Iran has been concentrated in the continental crust of the country. Zagros and Alborz experience deep earthquakes that are an indication of existence of the thick-skinned tectonics. Finally, some provinces such as Piranshahr- Borojen, East Iran, Naien- Rafsanjan and East Alborz, which include main suture zones of Iran, have faced high seismic hazards. ResumenEste estudio se realizó con el fin de preparar un mapa zonal de amenazas seismotectónicas y geológicas de Irán con base en la evaluación de amenazas sismícas deterministas a través de los registros sísmicos, las tendencias estructurales, las configuraciones tectónicas, las rupturas de fallas y la actividad neotectónica en Irán. Este mapa contiene los parámetros de amenaza sismológica como los valores b y Mmax para las 19 provincias sismotectónicas del país. Además, se investigó la profundidad de la Discontinuidad de Mohorovičić, las capas sismogénicas profundas y las clasificaciomes sísmicas para todas las provincias. La mayoría de la deformación de Irán está concentrada en la corteza continental del país. Las provincias de Zagros y Alborz experimentan terremotos profundos que indican la existencia de una configuración tectónica de capa gruesa. Finalmente, algunas provincias como Piranshahr-Borojen, Este de Irán, Naien-Rafsanjan y Este de Alborz, que incluyen las principales zonas de sutura de Irán, han enfrentado grandes riesgos sísmicos.

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Research on Adsorption and Discolor of Dyes on the New Wastewater Purifying Agent Named Granulated Fly Ash

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.801 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 801-806

Author(s):

Wen Jie Jin ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Han Xue ◽

Fan Chao Zeng

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Kinetic Equation ◽

Organic Dyes ◽

Langmuir Equation ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Adsorption Model ◽

Film Diffusion ◽

Freundlich Equation ◽

Adsorption Isotherm Models ◽

Control Step

The new purifying agent named granulated fly ash was used to absorb the organic dyes-ethylene blue, direct red 12B and reactive brilliant orange X-GN in solution in this paper. The effects of dosage, temperature and pH on adsorption and discolor were separately studied. In addition, the adsorption model was also analyzed. Experiment results showed that adsorption isotherm models of ethylene blue and direct red 12B on the new agent conformed to Freundlich equation, and reactive brilliant orange X-GN conformed to Langmuir equation; The adsorption kinetics models of ethylene blue, direct red 12B and reactive brilliant orange X-GN on the new agent conformed to pseudo-secondary kinetic equation, liquid film diffusion was the main control step for adsorption of the three dyes.

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Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Crayfish from South Sorong and Jayawijaya, Papua, Indonesia

Croatian Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.1515/cjf-2017-0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 18-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jean Marlin Weya ◽

Nanda Sendy Rumbiak ◽

Sucipto Hariyanto ◽

Bambang Irawan ◽

Agoes Soegianto

Keyword(s):

Food Supply ◽

Condition Factor ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

B Value ◽

K Value ◽

Growth Coefficient ◽

Weight Relationship ◽

Crayfish Species ◽

Suitable Environment

Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the length-weight relationship and condition factor of crayfish living in the natural habitat of South Sorong and Jayawijaya Regencies, Papua, Indonesia. Three species of crayfish (Cherax monticola, C. albertisii and C. communis) were collected from Jayawijaya Regency and only one species of crayfish (C. swonden) was collected from South Sorong Regency. The growth coefficient (b) for each crayfish species ranged from 2.55 to 3.10. C. monticola from Jayawijaya Regency presented the highest b value (3.10), and C. swonden from South Sorong Regency showed the lowest b value (2.55). The condition factors (K) for each crayfish species ranged from 1.9 to 2.3. C. monticola and C. albertissi had the highest K value (2.3), whereas C. swonden demonstrated the lowest K value (1.9). The present study indicated that the values of b and K of crayfish living in Jayawijaya were higher than those from South Sorong probably because Jayawijaya habitat provides more suitable environment and better food supply for crayfish than South Sorong.

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Influence of pH, Ionic Strength and Temperatureon Adsorption of Lead, Copper and Zinc in Natural Soil

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2810 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 255-260 ◽

pp. 2810-2814

Author(s):

Feng Jie Zhang ◽

Xiao Xia Ou ◽

Chun Qiu Ran ◽

Yun Na Wu

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Langmuir Equation ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Enthalpy Changes ◽

Freundlich Equation ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Influence Of Ph

Sorption of Pb, Zn, Cu by natural soils was investigated under conditions of variable pH, ionic strength and temperature. The results obtained from adsorption isotherm indicated that these data can be better fitted with the Freundlich equation than with the Langmuir equation in terms of regression coefficients. The parameters in the adsorption process were influenced greatly by solution pH and ionic strength. The Freundlich parameter KF increased with increasing pH and decreasing ionic strength, but the Freundlich parameter n changed adversely. Thermodynamic parameters of the process were calculated from sorption studies performed at different temperatures, and enthalpy changes (△H°) and entropy changes (△S°) of adsorption were found as -20.70 kJ/mol and 34.76 J/mol.K for Pb(II), -7.762 kJ/mol and 1.139 J/mol.K for Cu(II), -20.60 kJ/mol and 51.93 J/mol.K for Zn(II) respectively, showing that adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ on natural soil were exothermic and spontaneous at 5-45°C.

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Printing with Natural Dye Extracted from Impatiens glandulifera Royle

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11040445 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 445

Author(s):

Maja Klančnik

Keyword(s):

Invasive Plant ◽

Color Change ◽

Woven Fabrics ◽

Natural Dye ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Japanese Knotweed ◽

Light Fastness ◽

Impatiens Glandulifera ◽

Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

Invasive alien plants that damagingly overgrow native ecosystems can be beneficially used to produce natural dyes. Natural dyes are healthier and more environmentally friendly than synthetic dyes, so their use on textiles and other products that come into contact with humans is desirable. In this study, the possibility of using a natural dye extracted from the purple petals of the invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Himalayan balsam) for screen printing on various substrates; woven fabrics and different papers made from virgin fibers, recycled fibers, and from fibers of Japanese knotweed, was investigated. The prints were evaluated by color measurements and fastness properties. With the violet dye extract, purple-brown prints were obtained on papers made from Japanese knotweed, and more brown prints on other substrates. They had excellent rub fastness but faded significantly when exposed to light. The wash fastness of the prints on cotton fabrics was moderate and poor on polyester fabrics, but the prints had good resistance to wet ironing. The addition of acid to the printing paste resulted in a lighter violet color, the addition of alkali caused a drastic color change to green, both additives increased the light fastness of the prints but reduced the fastness on fabrics to wet treatments.

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Binding of inorganic sulphate and phosphate in humid-climate soils measured using column leaching, equilibration and extraction methods

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s04-068 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 599-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. G. Kowalenko

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Soil Solution ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Langmuir Equation ◽

Phosphate Binding ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Column Leaching ◽

Freundlich Equation ◽

Inorganic Sulphate ◽

Binding Mechanisms

The ability of soil samples to bind applications of inorganic sulphate and phosphate was examined in the laboratory using column leaching, solution equilibration and extraction methods. Eleven soil samples from the Fraser Valley of British Columbia with a range of soil characteristics and management histories were examined. Column leaching trials showed that sulphate was bound to soils, but not as strongly as phosphate. There was no evidence of significant sulphate binding during the equilibration trials but there was substantial native sulphate bound by the soils as shown by extraction of significant sulphate concentrations by bicarbonate extraction following equilibration. This shows that sulphate is not bound according to the traditional theory of adsorption, but other undefined mechanisms are involved. Both column leaching and equilibration results showed that the samples studied varied considerably in their native phosphate retention attributes, with some samples releasing no phosphate and others releasing considerable phosphate into the water treatments. Equilibration trials showed that some of the soils bound large quantities of phosphate resulting in no phosphate in the soil solution whereas others bound much less resulting in significant phosphate concentrations in the soil solution. Phosphate binding followed the Freundlich equation in eight of the samples, the Tempkin equation in one sample and a direct linear relationship in two samples. The Langmuir equation fitted most of the samples that had followed Freundlich equation reasonably well, but did not fit the other samples. This showed that determination of the maximum amount of phosphate that can be bound by the sample (i.e., P saturation) using the Langmuir equation cannot be used for all humid-climate soils of British Columbia. Two alternate direct measurements are proposed to determine the potential risk of phosphate in soils to contaminate water: amount of phosphate released during equilibration with water (native unbound phosphate) and amount of phosphate bound during equilibration with a low (approximately 25 mg P kg-1) phosphate solution (potential for the soil to bind applied P). These results show that sulphate and phosphate binding mechanisms by coastal British Columbia soils are not well understood. The nature of the binding mechanisms needs to be determined to develop and interpret soil analyses for agronomic and environmental purposes. Key words: Sulphate binding, phosphate binding, P saturation, soil solution P

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