PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CANGKANG KERANG HIJAU DENGAN VARIASI SUHU PEMBAKARAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN SEMEN PADA PEMBUATAN BETON

This research aims to utilize green mussel shell waste as a partial replacement for cement by establishing the best temperature that should be used to obtain the chemical substance if the sehell ashes to optimize the chemical substance for replacement of cement. This research replaces 10% of total weight cement with shell ash which has been combusted with a temperature of 700 ° C, 800 ° C and 900 ° C and control concrete. The compressive strength of the concrete plan is 20 MPa. Concrete mix design is 1:2:3. The results of this study indicate with subtitutes 10% semen with green shell ash with temperature 700 ° C, 800 ° C and 900 ° C is 20,53MPa; 16,76 MPa and 19,74 MPa and for control concrete has compressive strength 20,18 MPa. The maximum concrete compressive strength was obtained on the concrete of green shell ash with a combustion temperature of 700 ° C which is 20.53 MPa. In the concrete the green shells ash with a burning temperature above 700 ° C experience a decrease in compressive strength and cannot meet the compressive strength of the plan.

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Model-Based Adaptive Machine Learning Approach in Concrete Mix Design

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14071661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1661

Author(s):

Patryk Ziolkowski ◽

Maciej Niedostatkiewicz ◽

Shao-Bo Kang

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Design Methods ◽

Mix Design ◽

Engineering Practice ◽

Concrete Compressive Strength ◽

Concrete Technology ◽

Concrete Mix Design ◽

Concrete Mix

Concrete mix design is one of the most critical issues in concrete technology. This process aims to create a concrete mix which helps deliver concrete with desired features and quality. Contemporary requirements for concrete concern not only its structural properties, but also increasingly its production process and environmental friendliness, forcing concrete producers to use both chemically and technologically complex concrete mixtures. The concrete mix design methods currently used in engineering practice are joint analytical and laboratory procedures derived from the Three Equation Method and do not perform well enough for the needs of modern concrete technology. This often causes difficulties in predicting the final properties of the designed mix and leads to precautionary oversizing of concrete properties for fear of not providing the required parameters. A new approach that would make it possible to predict the newly designed concrete mix properties is highly desirable. The answer to this challenge can be methods based on machine learning, which have been intensively developed in recent years, especially in predicting concrete compressive strength. Machine learning-based methods have been more or less successful in predicting concrete compressive strength, but they do not reflect well the variability that characterises the currently used concrete mixes. A new adaptive solution that allows estimating concrete compressive strength on the basis of the concrete mix main ingredient composition by including two observations for a given batch of concrete is proposed herein. In presented study, a machine learning model was built with a deep neural network architecture, trained on an extensive database of concrete recipes, and translated into a mathematical formula. Testing on four concrete mix recipes was performed, which were calculated according to contemporary design methods (Bolomey and Fuller method), and a comparative analysis was conducted. It was found out that the new algorithm performs significantly better than that without adaptive features trained on the same dataset. The presented algorithm can be used as a concrete strength checking tool for the concrete mix design process.

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Machine Learning Techniques in Concrete Mix Design

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12081256 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1256 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Patryk Ziolkowski ◽

Maciej Niedostatkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Machine Learning ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Mix Design ◽

Machine Learning Techniques ◽

Concrete Mix Design ◽

Learning Techniques ◽

Concrete Mix

Concrete mix design is a complex and multistage process in which we try to find the best composition of ingredients to create good performing concrete. In contemporary literature, as well as in state-of-the-art corporate practice, there are some methods of concrete mix design, from which the most popular are methods derived from The Three Equation Method. One of the most important features of concrete is compressive strength, which determines the concrete class. Predictable compressive strength of concrete is essential for concrete structure utilisation and is the main feature of its safety and durability. Recently, machine learning is gaining significant attention and future predictions for this technology are even more promising. Data mining on large sets of data attracts attention since machine learning algorithms have achieved a level in which they can recognise patterns which are difficult to recognise by human cognitive skills. In our paper, we would like to utilise state-of-the-art achievements in machine learning techniques for concrete mix design. In our research, we prepared an extensive database of concrete recipes with the according destructive laboratory tests, which we used to feed the selected optimal architecture of an artificial neural network. We have translated the architecture of the artificial neural network into a mathematical equation that can be used in practical applications.

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Study of the Influence of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Rheology of Motars

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201814901054 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

pp. 01054

Author(s):

Nadia Tebbal ◽

Zine El Abidine Rahmouni ◽

Lamis Rabiaa Chadi

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Fresh Concrete ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Air Entrainment ◽

Mix Design ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Concrete Mix Design ◽

Concrete Mix ◽

Mixing Water

The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of the air entrainment on the fresh rheological properties as well as on the compressive mechanical resistances of the mortars. The hardened concrete contains a certain amount of randomly spread air, coming either from a drive during kneading or from the evaporation of the mixing water. The air quantity is in the order of 20 l / m3, ie 2% of the volume. However, the presence of a large volume of air bubbles causes the mechanical resistances to fall in compression. On the other hand, the use of air entrainment could improve the rheological properties of fresh concrete. Experimental studies have been carried out to study the effect of air entrainment on compressive strength, density and ingredients of fresh concrete mix. During all the study, water cement ratio (w/c) was maintained constant at 0.5. The results have shown substantial decreasing in water and mortar density followed with decreasing in compressive strength of mortar. The results of this study has given more promising to use it as a guide for mortar mix design to choose the most appropriate concrete mix design economically.

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TINJAUAN KUAT TEKAN BETON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SERAT BENDRAT SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAH

Jurnal Informatika Teknologi dan Sains ◽

10.51401/jinteks.v1i2.418 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 124-132

Author(s):

Hermansyah ◽

Moh Ihsan Sibgotuloh

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fresh Concrete ◽

Mix Design ◽

Test Results ◽

Concrete Compressive Strength ◽

Normal Concrete ◽

Fiber Concrete ◽

Concrete Mix ◽

Materials Used ◽

Average Compressive Strength

The more widespread use of concrete construction and the increasing scale of construction, the higher the demand for materials used in concrete mixes. One of the innovations of concrete is fiber concrete. Hope the addition of fiber in concrete mixes such as wire fiber to increase the compressive strength value of normal concrete that is often used, so the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of adding wire fiber to the ease of working (workability) of the concrete mixture and to determine the effect of adding wire fiber to concrete compressive strength. In this study, the fiber used is the type of wire fiber with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 60 mm. Fiber variations used are 0%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% based on the weight of fresh concrete. Concrete mix (mix design) using SNI 03-2834-2000 about concrete mix planning with a test life of 28 days. The test results showed that the lowest average compressive strength of 12,291 MPa occurred at 0% variation and the highest average compressive strength value of 20,656 MPa at 0.8% fiber variation. The increase is caused by the even distribution of fibers in the concrete produced, the higher the variation that is given by the fiber, the better the fiber spread, from these fibers provide a fairly good contribution to the fiber concrete

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LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE MAKING ANALYSIS USING MIXED CELLULOSE

IJTI (International Journal Of Transportation And Infrastructure) ◽

10.29138/ijti.v2i2.787 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 85-91

Author(s):

Nanang Budi Setyawan ◽

Fredy Kurniawan

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Experimental Method ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Mix Design ◽

Waste Paper ◽

Test Results ◽

Concrete Mix Design ◽

Concrete Mix ◽

Recycle Paper ◽

Compressive Strength Of Concrete

Development era of globalization has resulted in increasing number of second-hand goods / waste that its existence can be a problem for life in the future. Many things are done in order to recycle paper cement in order to overcome this problem the existence of waste. One way is to use waste paper to be a part of the building. The purpose of this study, to determine the compressive strength and optimum density. Laboratory experimental method uses a variation of 10%, 20%, 30% and testing conducted in the form of compressive strength and density. From the test results obtained by the result of decrease in the compressive strength and density. In addition cellulose concrete mix design with variations determined that 10%, 20%, 30% resulted in a decrease in the compressive strength of concrete,

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Conventional Concrete Mix Design for Producing the Low and High Volume of Fly Ash Based Fiber Reinforced Concrete

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.f8351.088619 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 1157-1162 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Activity Index ◽

Research Work ◽

Binder Content ◽

Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽

Mix Design ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

Concrete Mix Design ◽

Concrete Mix

The present research work analysis the conceptual concrete mix design regarding the packing unit density concept for multi initial trial and error perfect shaped methodologies. In initial, a high strength based concrete with desired target compressive strength of M40 Graded concrete was shaped for various mixing proportion and Also, a stabilized standard chart has been developed for the various packing constituents (percentage) in various parameters, where the aggregates (F/c) ratio 0.5 to 0.8, Binder-Total aggregate (B/Ta) ratio 0.27 to 0.24 and water-binder content (w/b) ratio 0.30. The laboratory experimental research work results contain fly ash percentage replacement level at 25 and 50% in Portland cement and inclusion of both ends hooked type of steel fibers along with 1.50% of superplasticizers by weight of binder content for the various mix produced for the good tracking of the UPV values by using fabricating Plexiglas moulds, Pozzolanic Activity Index (PAI), if the compressive strength increases automatically less volumetric shrinkage takes place.

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Development of Concrete Mix Design Nomograph Containing Polyethylene Terephtalate (PET) as Fine Aggregate

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.701.12 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 701 ◽

pp. 12-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohd Irwan Juki ◽

Khairunnisa Muhamad ◽

Mahamad Mohd Khairil Annas ◽

Koh Heng Boon ◽

Norzila Othman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Splitting Tensile Strength ◽

Mix Design ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Cement Ratio ◽

Water Cement Ratio ◽

Concrete Mix Design ◽

Mix Proportion ◽

Concrete Mix

This paper describes the experimental investigation to develop the concrete mix design Nomograph for concrete containing PET as fine aggregate. The physical and mechanical properties were determined by using mix proportion containing 25%, 50% and 75% of PET with water cement ratio (w/c) 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65. The data obtained showed that the inclusion of PET aggregate reduce the strength performances of concrete. All the data obtained were combined into one single graph to develop a preliminary mix design nomograph for PET concrete. The nomograph consist of ; relationship between compressive strength and water cement ratio; relationship between splitting tensile strength water cement ratio; relationship between splitting tensile strength and PET percentage and relationship between compressive strength and PET percentage. The mix design nomograph can be used to assists in selecting the proper mix proportion parameters based on the criteria required.

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Concrete Compressive Strength under Changing Environmental Conditions during Placement Processes

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13204577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 4577 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrzej Ambroziak ◽

Patryk Ziolkowski

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Technological Process ◽

Daily Temperature ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Concrete Compressive Strength ◽

Concrete Mix Design ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Concrete Production ◽

Concrete Mix ◽

Limiting Behaviour

The technological process of concrete production consists of several parts, including concrete mix design, concrete mix production, transportation of fresh concrete mix to a construction site, placement in concrete framework, and curing. Proper execution of these steps provides good quality concrete. Some factors can disturb the technological process, mainly temperature and excessive precipitation. Changing daily temperature and rainfall during fabrication, transportation, and placement can shape not only the properties of the concrete mix but also the compressive strength of hardened concrete. In this paper, we tried to answer the question of how temperature and precipitation affect concrete production. The scope of this study was to determine the change of compressive strength of the hardened concrete in a specific period for selected concrete mix recipes, taking into account changing daily temperature and precipitation magnitude. The investigated concrete mixes concrete compressive strength beyond that of the concrete grade, termed “concrete superstrength”. This concrete post limiting behaviour of concrete is also discussed.

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A Computer-Aided Approach to Pozzolanic Concrete Mix Design

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/4398017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ching-Yun Kao ◽

Chin-Hung Shen ◽

Jing-Chi Jan ◽

Shih-Lin Hung

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Numerical Data ◽

Mix Design ◽

Concrete Mixture ◽

Engineering Applications ◽

Mixture Proportioning ◽

Concrete Mix Design ◽

Concrete Mix ◽

Computer Aided

Pozzolanic concrete has superior properties, such as high strength and workability. The precise proportioning and modeling of the concrete mixture are important when considering its applications. There have been many efforts to develop computer-aided approaches for pozzolanic concrete mix design, such as artificial neural network- (ANN-) based approaches, but these approaches have proven to be somewhat difficult in practical engineering applications. This study develops a two-step computer-aided approach for pozzolanic concrete mix design. The first step is establishing a dataset of pozzolanic concrete mixture proportioning which conforms to American Concrete Institute code, consisting of experimental data collected from the literature as well as numerical data generated by computer program. In this step, ANNs are employed to establish the prediction models of compressive strength and the slump of the concrete. Sensitivity analysis of the ANN is used to evaluate the effect of inputs on the output of the ANN. The two ANN models are tested using data of experimental specimens made in laboratory for twelve different mixtures. The second step is classifying the dataset of pozzolanic concrete mixture proportioning. A classification method is utilized to categorize the dataset into 360 classes based on compressive strength, pozzolanic admixture replacement rate, and material cost. Thus, one can easily obtain mix solutions based on these factors. The results show that the proposed computer-aided approach is convenient for pozzolanic concrete mix design and practical for engineering applications.

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Pengaruh Abu Arang Sebagai Campuran Beton Ditinjau Dari Kuat Tekan

Teknika ◽

10.26623/teknika.v12i1.1188 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Hani Purwanti ◽

Galih Widyarini

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Potassium Silicate ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Concrete Compressive Strength ◽

Main Ingredient ◽

Concrete Material ◽

Concrete Mix ◽

Concrete Quality ◽

Cement Mixture ◽

Compressive Strength Of Concrete

AbstractCement which is the main ingredient in making concrete contains non-renewable natural ingredients, potassium silicate. This causes an increase in cement prices every year. In overcoming these problems, there needs to be a modification in concrete mixes that are more environmentally friendly. Mixtures that are able to reduce the need for cement and contain potassium silicate such as charcoal are selected in modified concrete mix material by reviewing compressive strength. The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the composition of charcoal as a substitute for cement in the preparation of concrete material was observed from compressive strength. The composition of the cement mixture will be replaced with charcoal by 0%, 5% and 10% with concrete compressive strength which is expected to have K200 quality. The research method uses an experimental method for sampling data. There are 3 (three) specimens in each percentage of addition of charcoal. The results of concrete compressive strength with a concrete age of 7 days, 22 days and 28 days under normal conditions without mixture are 31 Mpa, 35 Mpa, and 38 Mpa. The compressive strength of concrete mixed with charcoal as much as 5% is 30 Mpa, 31 Mpa, 36 Mpa. In 10% charcoal mixed concrete is 20 MPa, 27 MPa, and 29 MPa. The results of the compressive strength of the three conditions each showed a decrease in the trend of concrete age 7 days, 21 days and 28 days. Even though the trend has decreased, the compressive strength of the concrete produced still meets K200. This shows that charcoal ash can be used as an alternative to a partial replacement of cement in the concrete mixture for K200 concrete quality. AbstrakSemen yang merupakan bahan utama pembuatan beton mengandung bahan dasar alam yang tidak dapat diperbarui yaitu kalium silikat. Hal ini menyebabkan adanya peningkatan harga semen setiap tahun. Dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, perlu adanya suatu modifikasi pada campuran beton yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Bahan campuran yang mampu mengurangi kebutuhan semen serta mengandung kalium silikat seperti abu arang dipilih dalam bahan campuran beton modifikasi dengan meninjau kuat tekan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh komposisi abu arang sebagai pengganti semen dalam penyusunan material beton ditinjau dari kuat tekan. Adapun komposisi campuran semen yang akan digantikan dengan abu arang sebesar 0%, 5% dan 10% dengan kuat tekan beton yang diharapkan memiliki mutu K200. Adapun metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen untuk pengambilan sampel data. Terdapat masing – masing 3 (tiga) benda uji di setiap persentase penambahan abu arang.Hasil kuat tekan beton dengan usia beton 7 hari, 22 hari dan 28 hari dalam kondisi normal tanpa campuran adalah 31 Mpa, 35 Mpa, dan 38 Mpa. Kuat tekan beton yang dicampur abu arang sebanyak 5 % adalah 30 Mpa, 31 Mpa, 36 Mpa. Pada beton campuran abu arang 10% adalah 20 Mpa, 27 Mpa, dan 29 Mpa. Hasil kuat tekan dari ketiga kondisi tersebut masing – masing menunjukkan adanya penurunan trend dari usia beton 7 hari, 21 hari dan 28 hari. Walaupun trend mengalami penurunan, akan tetapi nilai kuat tekan beton yang dihasilkan masih memenuhi K200.Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa abu arang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti sebagian semen pada campuran beton untuk mutu beton K200.

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