scholarly journals How Effective Has Global Entrepreneurship Been As A Tool For Economic Growth?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Ike Egboga ◽  
Umaru Zubairu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
International Context ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Conference Papers

The objective of this study was to conduct a critical review of entrepreneurship in a global / international context and to determine, based on empirical literature reviews whether it has been an effective tool for economic growth. The study adopted the Systematic Quantitative Assessment Technique (SQAT) in identifying and reviewing peer reviewed journal articles, conference papers and book chapters published between the period 2009-2019 which had empirically examined the link between entrepreneurship on a global basis and economic growth. The study was categorized into three (3) geographical groups based on national income levels – low income, medium income and high income countries which also correspond with their respective levels of economic development. Based on the evidence and review thereon conducted by this study, it was concluded that global entrepreneurship has been an effective tool for economic growth and that the degree of effectiveness increases with national income levels or degree of economic development.

Attracting foreign capital as a factor in ensuring the country's economic growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Taras Malyshivskyi ◽  
Volodymyr Stefinin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Foreign Capital Inflows

The article examines the relationship between attracting foreign capital in the form of foreign direct investment and ensuring economic development. In particular, the analysis of the current structure of the economy is indicated, its raw material character is pointed out and, based on other researches, the necessity of its reform is substantiated, as Ukraine will remain a low-income country if the current trend continues. This is due to the fact that countries with a raw material structure of the economy are characterized by a low level of economic complexity, and therefore are not able to generate high levels of income in society. As a result, the expediency of stimulating the attraction of investment resources into the country’s economy, in particular in the form of foreign direct investment, is substantiated. The dynamics of attracting foreign direct investment to Ukraine and a number of other countries for the period from 1991 to 2019 is analyzed and the key negative factors that deter foreign investors from investing in the economy of Ukraine are indicated. As a result of the analysis, divergent trends in the economic development of Ukraine and other analyzed countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, Romania, Hungary) were identified, which contributed to economic stagnation and restrained economic growth and development. Taking into account the analysis, as well as based on the concept of investment and innovation growth, it is proposed to use the experience of Israel to improve the country’s investment attractiveness and stimulate foreign capital inflows by adapting the Yozma program to Ukrainian realities. According to our estimates, the adaptation of this program to the Ukrainian economy will attract about $ 350 million over a five-year period of venture capital alone. In addition, programs such as YOSMA can also be implemented at the regional or even local level. We believe that the use of this tool will improve the investment attractiveness of the country, as well as provide sufficient financial resources to modernize the domestic economy and ensure rapid economic growth.

scholarly journals LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA CAPACIDAD TRIBUTARIA: EVIDENCIA PARA UN PANEL DE PAÍSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (319) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Nancy Ivonne Muller Durán
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
Fiscal Reforms ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tax Capacity

<p>En este documento analizo la relación que existe entre el crecimiento económico, el comercio exterior y la capacidad tributaria. Sostengo que los impuestos no necesariamente distorsionan la eficiencia y que dependen de la actividad económica. Para documentar la hipótesis realizo cuatro modelos panel cointegrados para un grupo de 55 países y su subsecuente división de acuerdo con tres niveles de ingreso para el periodo de 1990-2018. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el crecimiento económico es una condición <em>sine qua non</em> para determinar la capacidad recaudatoria pero no es suficiente en aquellos países con desigualdad económica. Por lo tanto, es necesario estimular el desarrollo económico y promover reformas fiscales progresivas.</p><p> </p><p align="center">THE COMPOSITION OF TAX EFFORT: EVIDENCE FOR A PANEL OF COUNTRIES.</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>This document analyzes the relationship between economic growth, foreign trade and tax capacity. It is argued that taxes do not distort efficiency and that they depend on economic activity. In order to empirically support our hypothesis, four cointegrated panel models are carried out for a group of 55 countries and their subsequent division according to three income levels for the period 1990-2018. The results obtained show that economic growth is a <em>sine qua non</em> condition for determining tax capacity, but it is not enough in countries plagued with economic inequality. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate economic development and promote progressive fiscal reforms.</p>

Demystifying the environmental Kuznets curve: turning a black box into a policy tool

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODORE PANAYOTOU
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Form Approach

The reduced-form approach to the income–environment relationship has been a useful first step towards answering the question of how economic growth affects the environment. However, without an explicit consideration of the underlying determinants of environmental quality, the scope for policy intervention is unduly circumscribed. In this paper a modest attempt is made to incorporate explicit policy considerations into the income–environment relationship and to explore its determinants as a step towards a better understanding of this relationship and its potential as a policy tool. The role of the rate of economic growth and population density is also explored. A main finding is that at least in the case of ambient SO2 levels, policies and institutions can significantly reduce environmental degradation at low income levels and speed up improvements at higher income levels, thereby flattening the EKC and reducing the environmental price of economic growth.

scholarly journals THE MOTIVATIONAL EFFECT OF OIL EXPLORATION IN SOMALI AND THE HABITUAL AFRICAN RESOURCE CURSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mahad Mohamed Sheik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Motivational Effect

Purpose: The abundance of natural resources is usually considered the blessing for the countries that own such resources. However, such wealth is often associated with poverty and a slower economic growth. This phenomenon is called the resource curse, and it shows that most countries that are rich in natural resources have markedly reduced economic growth and development, and it shows that the wealth of natural resources adversely affects their economies, although it is intuitively expected to be the opposite i.e. that such wealth would have a positive impact on the country’s economic development. The general objective of the study was to find out the motivational effect of oil exploration in Somali and the habitual African resource curse. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study found out that Oil resource exploration has led to progress in some developed economies such as Canada which was able to avoid the resource curse. This is because oil revenues helped Canada among other countries make investments in capital, build employment and grow. Other countries such as Russia and Japan have not been able to avoid the resource curse. African countries in general where the majority of oil producing nations are, have an inverse correlation between oil production and industrial development. Examples of African countries that have been affected by the resource curse are Nigeria, Angola, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Empirical results indicate that, Somalia motivation for oil exploration is for economic development. However, it has not been spared the resource curse because the presence of oil has led to civil wars and terrorisms as groups seek to control the areas with oil fields. In addition, Somali and Kenya have involved diplomatic warfare over oil reserves that are located in the Indian Ocean near their borders. Recommendations: The study recommends that the government should enact laws which will govern petroleum operations, as well as empowering the Somali Petroleum Authority,(SPA) which will act as a regulatory body overseeing oil and gas activity.

International support for environmental protection

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBRA K. ISRAEL
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
National Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Per Capita

This paper uses household-level survey data from a 1989 Harris poll conducted in 12 developing and three developed countries to examine the empirical relationship between the support for paying higher taxes for environmental protection and per capita national income. Results from ordered probit estimation suggest that as per capita real gross domestic product rises, controlling for other household characteristics, the strength of the support for somewhat higher taxes for environmental protection is falling for low-income countries and rising for high-income countries. The evidence also suggests that environmental protection may be important to people in developing countries during the process of economic growth. The high level of support for environmental protection found among the lower-income African countries included in this study is one result that warrants additional research. Higher economic growth rates are also found to be associated with greater support for environmental protection.

Export Performance and Economic Development: An Empirical Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Yaghmaian ◽  
Reza Ghorashi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Alternative Formulation ◽  
Neoclassical Theory ◽  
Complex Process

This paper challenges the results of the empirical literature in support of the neoclassical theory of export-led growth and provides a theoretical and empirical alternative. Contrary to the neoclassical theory, we argue that both exports and economic growth are preceded by a long and complex process of structural change and economic development. A cross-section regression analysis is applied to test the neoclassical hypothesis that exports lead to superior economic performance (higher growth of output), and our alternative thesis. The regression results strongly confirm our alternative formulation of exports and economic growth while failing to support the neoclassical thesis.

scholarly journals Research, Extension, and Information: Key Inputs in Agricultural Productivity Growth (Distinguished Lecture)

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (4I) ◽  
pp. 443-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris E. Bravo-Ureta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Empirical Literature

The objective of this paper is to examine how economists have perceived the contributions of agriculture to the economic development process and then to present the case for the critical role that research, extension, and information can play in agricultural productivity growth and thus in economic development, particularly in low income countries. After a brief presentation of the framework commonly used to examine productivity growth, a distinction is made between technological change and technical efficiency. This distinction is crucial for policy purposes because the major impetus behind technological change are research and development, while education and experience are critical to improving managerial capabilities to make efficient use of a given technology. Empirical findings concerning the returns on agricultural research, with special attention to studies that have focused on Pakistan, are discussed. The paper then offers an overview of alternative methodologies available to measure technical efficiency, summarises the empirical literature, and finally focuses on studies dealing with Pakistani agriculture. Once it is established that improvements in technical efficiency could contribute significantly to increases in farm output and income, the discussion moves to some issues that have implications for the measurement and potential improvement of farm efficiency. An overview of a model of privatised extension services, currently being applied in some Latin American countries and which could have some relevance to conditions in Pakistan and elsewhere, is provided. The paper ends with the contention that significant improvements are needed in the collection and organisation of farm production data if we are to advance our understanding of the drivers of productivity growth at the farm level.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME LEVELS IN REGIONAL FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
Muhammad yasin Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Income ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Optimal Economic Growth

ABSTRACT Economic growth is a process of changing a country's economic conditions on an ongoing basis towards better conditions for a certain period. Economic growth can also be interpreted as a process of increasing the production capacity of an economy that is realized in the form of an increase in national income. With a good Regional Financial Performance this is because the greater the Regional Original Revenues obtained from local taxes, regional levies, the results of the management of separated regional assets and other legal income and the smaller the loan and central assistance, the more independent the region. With the increasingly independent area, the economic growth in the area can experience an increase. This is because the region is able to manage economically, efficiently, and effectively as well as the lack of intervention by the central government. economic growth with This means that if the income of the region will also cause an increase in the achievement of economic growth. which is very flexible in terms of utilization causes the regions to be more flexible in planning the allocation of the budget for development activities in accordance with its economic agenda which includes the development of basic facilities and infrastructure that play a role in supporting optimal economic growth.    

Market Access, Growth, and Poverty Reduction in a Kaldorian framework

2017 ◽  
pp. 54-80
Author(s):  
Massoud Karshenas ◽  
Willem Van der Geest
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Initial Stimulus ◽  
Incidence Trends

The role of access to markets in industrialized countries for economic development and poverty reduction in low-income countries is investigated. The conditions under which economic growth and exports have a statistically robust effect on poverty reduction are demonstrated for a large number of low-income countries that suffer from mass poverty. Export growth is particularly important in providing both the initial stimulus for economic growth as well as the conditions for its long-term sustainability. Using cross-country time-series data for a sample of 89 countries for which long-term poverty incidence trends could be matched to growth and export performances, it is argued that countries with a high incidence of poverty have no option except a growth-cum-export strategy to reduce poverty. Redistributive policies to reduce poverty further are mainly a distinct option for countries that have already achieved a moderate level of poverty as well as higher per capita incomes. As Kaldor had emphasized as early as 1964, the lack of market access in industrial countries is an important contributing factor in hindering economic development and poverty reduction. Following Kaldor’s insights, this paper demonstrates that restricting market access prevents a large number of countries at the lowest ranks of the poverty ladder to escape extreme poverty.

Fifty Years of Development in the Singapore Economy: An Introductory Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (03) ◽  
pp. 1502002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Y. C. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Introductory Review

The papers in this volume provide a retrospective analysis of Singapore's economic development during the past 50 years, from the perspectives of different policy domains. This introductory review highlights common themes among the papers, chiefly the primacy of economic growth in driving social as well as economic policies, the interconnection between different policy arenas, the persistence of a particular development model despite sharp changes in policy direction, and the dominant role of the state. The authors collectively conclude that economic policy was both innovative and effective in the first two to three decades of independence, particularly in simultaneously delivering on both rapid economic growth and improved social welfare. In more recent decades, economic growth and social welfare for a significant minority of residents have begun to diverge. Looking ahead, there appears to be a consensus that slower GDP growth, higher productivity, a relative shift from manufacturing to services and from a global to a regional market orientation, and more vibrant and innovative local private entrepreneurs, are necessary for continued economic development. There is also consensus that public policy must pay greater attention to directly meeting the growing social needs of the population, especially the poor, low-income, elderly and other vulnerable groups.

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