Demystifying the environmental Kuznets curve: turning a black box into a policy tool

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODORE PANAYOTOU
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Form Approach

The reduced-form approach to the income–environment relationship has been a useful first step towards answering the question of how economic growth affects the environment. However, without an explicit consideration of the underlying determinants of environmental quality, the scope for policy intervention is unduly circumscribed. In this paper a modest attempt is made to incorporate explicit policy considerations into the income–environment relationship and to explore its determinants as a step towards a better understanding of this relationship and its potential as a policy tool. The role of the rate of economic growth and population density is also explored. A main finding is that at least in the case of ambient SO2 levels, policies and institutions can significantly reduce environmental degradation at low income levels and speed up improvements at higher income levels, thereby flattening the EKC and reducing the environmental price of economic growth.

Exploration of Role of Economic Globalization on Human Longevity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-239
Author(s):  
Bakhtawar Ijaz ◽  
Noman Arshed ◽  
Zamin Abbas ◽  
Uzma Hanif ◽  
Kamran Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Opening Up

Recent developments which were coined to the opening up of borders have attracted interest of many researchers from many disciplines. A lot of work can be observed regarding the role of globalization / internationalization on economic growth and social development, this study specifically explores the implications of globalization on the ultimate goal that is life longevity. Adapting from the Kuznets curve, this study proposed a quadratic function of economic globalization and life longevity. The results using panel the ARDL model for the SAARC region, it can be seen that expansion of trade globalization de jure and management of financial globalization de facto and de jure may help them to increase longevity in the long run.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Produk Permen Agar-agar Buah

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamik Ponco Rahayu ◽  
Nuraini Harmastuti ◽  
Endang Sri Rejeki ◽  
Taufik Turahman
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Family Home

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p>          The Ngampon people in Mojosongo Village, Jebres, Surakarta City face diverse livelihood problems, most of which are factory workers with low income levels and the role of mothers as housewives. Therefore, it is necessary to have training activities to make agar agar fruit products as an alternative home-based home industry to increase family income.</p><p>          This community service activity was designed by conducting training on making fruit jelly candy products.</p><p>          The target of the above activities is that the community will get additional skills in making agar-agar candy fruit that can be done easily and small capital so that it can be an alternative family home industry.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Fruit, jelly candy, home industry</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><em></em>

scholarly journals Tracking the Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Carbon Emissions in China from 1999 to 2015: A Land Use Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Jie Pei ◽  
Jing Geng ◽  
Zheng Niu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
National Level ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Reduce Emissions

China has been a leader in global carbon emissions since 2006. The question of how to reduce emissions while maintaining stable economic growth is a serious challenge for the country. To achieve this, it is of great significance to track the spatial and temporal evolution of carbon emissions in China during recent decades, which can provide evidence-based scientific guidance for developing mitigation policies. In this study, we calculated the carbon emissions of land use in 1999–2015 using the carbon emissions factor method proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The Kuznets curve model was used to explore the influence of economic growth and urbanization on carbon emissions at the national and provincial levels. The results indicated that (1) China’s emissions increased from 927.88 million tons (Mt) in 1999 to 2833.91 Mt in 2015 at an average annual growth rate of 12.94%, while carbon sinks grew slightly, from 187.58 Mt to 207.19 Mt. Both emissions and sinks presented significant regional differences, with the Central and Southwest regions acting as the biggest emissions and sink contributors, respectively. (2) Built-up land was the largest land carrier for carbon emissions in China, contributing over 85% to total emissions each year; and (3) at the national level, the relationships between economic growth, urbanization, and carbon emissions presented as inverted U-shaped Kuznets curves, which were also found in the majority of the 30 studied provinces. While carbon emissions may be reaching a peak in China, given the disproportionate role of built-up land in carbon emissions, efforts should be devoted to limiting urbanization and the production of associated carbon emissions.

scholarly journals The Role of Population in Economic Growth

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401773609 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wesley F. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Population ◽  
Capita Output

The relationship between population growth and economic growth is controversial. This article draws on historical data to chart the links between population growth, growth in per capita output, and overall economic growth over the past 200 years. Low population growth in high-income countries is likely to create social and economic problems while high population growth in low-income countries may slow their development. International migration could help to adjust these imbalances but is opposed by many. Drawing on economic analyses of inequality, it appears that lower population growth and limited migration may contribute to increased national and global economic inequality.

scholarly journals How Effective Has Global Entrepreneurship Been As A Tool For Economic Growth?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Ike Egboga ◽  
Umaru Zubairu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
International Context ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Conference Papers

The objective of this study was to conduct a critical review of entrepreneurship in a global / international context and to determine, based on empirical literature reviews whether it has been an effective tool for economic growth. The study adopted the Systematic Quantitative Assessment Technique (SQAT) in identifying and reviewing peer reviewed journal articles, conference papers and book chapters published between the period 2009-2019 which had empirically examined the link between entrepreneurship on a global basis and economic growth. The study was categorized into three (3) geographical groups based on national income levels – low income, medium income and high income countries which also correspond with their respective levels of economic development. Based on the evidence and review thereon conducted by this study, it was concluded that global entrepreneurship has been an effective tool for economic growth and that the degree of effectiveness increases with national income levels or degree of economic development.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Economic Growth: The Role of Environmental Policy Stringency

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2273
Author(s):  
Enrico Maria de Angelis ◽  
Marina Di Giacomo ◽  
Davide Vannoni
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shaped Pattern

The paper investigates the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality in the context of the Kuznets curve, which foresees that growth, while initially causing negative externalities for the environment, eventually can be seen also as the solution to environmental degradation. The novelty of the paper is to analyze the role of environmental policies, and in particular the use of market-based and non-market instruments to challenge the pollution plague and mitigate climate change. The results of fixed effects estimates on a sample of 32 countries observed for the period 1992–2012 show the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and per-capita CO2 emissions for the quadratic specification, as well as of an N-shaped pattern for the cubic specification. Most importantly, the stringency indexes, i.e., the proxies used to account for environmental regulation, exhibit negative and strongly significant coefficients, suggesting that the policies are effective in reducing environmental damages associated with economic growth.

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets curve and growth source in Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Asghari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Recent empirical research has examined the relationship between certain indicators of environmental degradation and income, concluding that in some cases an inverted U-shaped relationship, which has been called an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), exists between these variables. The source of growth explanation is important for two reasons. First, it demonstrates how the pollution consequences of growth depend on the source of growth. Therefore, the analogy drawn by some in the environmental community between the damaging effects of economic development and those of liberalized trade is, at best, incomplete. Second, the source of growth explanation demonstrates that a strong policy response to income gains is not necessary for pollution to fall with growth. The aim of this paper investigates the role of differences source of growth in environmental quality of Iran. The results show the two growth resources in Iran cause, in the early stages, CO2 emission decreases until turning point but beyond this level of income per capita, economic growth leads to environmental degradation. I find a U relationship between environmental degradation (CO2 emission) and economic growth in Iran.

scholarly journals Information Technology on Economic Growth and Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
T Handayani ◽  
R T Aprilia ◽  
O Widaningsih ◽  
F N Kesuma ◽  
R Jumansyah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
A Company ◽  
Role Of Information

This research aims to analyze how the role of information technology on economic growth and stability. Information technology at this time can be an important indicator of economic growth and stability. It is hoped that with information technology, a country can increase the production of goods and services. This research used descriptive qualitative in nature and with a literature review. The sample in this study is the growth and stability that occurs in various countries, especially Indonesia. This research discusses how information technology helps in increasing growth and stability in a country. The results of this study indicate that information technology is very influential on economic growth and stability. The role of information technology has the most influence on economic growth is to increase the effectiveness of resource allocation in organizations by 85.2%. and 77.8% of the response to information technology can increase the amount of investment in a company. The use of information technology will also speed up the production process by reducing the time needed to sort components and raw materials while reducing the potential for errors. it can be concluded that information technology is very influential in the economic growth rate of 96.3% respondents

A validity of environmental Kuznets curve under the role of urbanization, financial development index and foreign direct investment in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Farooq ◽  
Ahsan Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Ahad ◽  
Ghulam Shabbir ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Imran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run

PurposeThis research aims to inspect the existence of the “environmental Kuznets curve” (EKC) in the presence of foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development (FD) and urbanization throughout 1972–2018 for Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachFor time series analysis, Phillips and Perron (PP) and Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) unit root tests are used to confirm the level of integration. For robustness, Kim and Perron (2009)’s structural break unit root test is employed, which identifies the order of integration in the presence of structural break years. Further, combined cointegration analysis is performed to confirm the existence of a long-run association between underlying variables. Furthermore, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) analysis is employed for the robustness of the cointegration approach.FindingsThe cointegration analysis confirms the existence of a long-run association among variables. The authors find a positive and significant impact of urbanization, FD and foreign development on environmental degradation in the long run. Similarly, only FDI increases environmental degradation in the short run. In addition, the authors find an inverted U-shape relationship between economic growth and environmental quality which, further, confirms the presence of EKC in Pakistan.Originality/valueThis research contributes to applied economics in many ways: the combined effect of urbanization, FD, FDI and economic growth on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is checked simultaneously. To avoid ambiguity, this study constructs the FD index through the principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, the role of structural breaks has been considered through the analysis. Novel Bayer-Hanck combined cointegration analysis is employed to detect the existence of long-run relationships among underlying variables.

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