scholarly journals AB048. SOH21AS041. Measuring the effect of common type II diabetes medications (DPP4 inhibitors and sulphonylureas) in combination with metformin on the gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. AB048-AB048
Author(s):  
Peter Cronin ◽  
Paul O’Toole ◽  
Eibhlis O’Connor
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Raúl Garza-Velasco ◽  
Sylvia Patricia Garza-Manero ◽  
Luis Manuel Perea-Mejía

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>La microbiota intestinal desempeña relevantes funciones mediante las cuales contribuye directa o indirectamente a la estabilidad del organismo humano; actualmente su papel es incuestionable en la modulación del sistema inmune, la regulación del sistema nervioso, la síntesis de vitaminas, la defensa del intestino y el movimiento peristáltico.</p><p>Las nuevas herramientas de la biología molecular han sido determinantes para la revelación de los sorprendentes hallazgos publicados en los últimos lustros, los cuales han dado origen a términos y frases tales como “psicobióticos”, “un órgano adicional del humano”, “el segundo cerebro” y “el eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro”.</p><p>Por otra parte, el desequilibrio de la microbiota intestinal se traduce en la generación o agravamiento de diversas enfermedades crónicas, entre las que destacan la obesidad, diabetes tipo 2, enfermedad inflamatoria del intestino, síndrome metabólico, depresión, ansiedad.</p><p>De aquí que la comunidad científica se encuentre trabajando intensamente en el conocimiento de su composición y en el impacto de la proporción o ausencia de las principales especies en el funcionamiento global de la microbiota intestinal y, consecuentemente, del organismo humano.</p><p>La presente revisión contribuye a la actualización del tema “Microbiota Habitual” que se imparte en las carreras de Química Farmacéutico Biólogo, Química de Alimentos y carreras afines.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The gut microbiota plays relevant functions in the human organism, contributing directly or indirectly to its homeostasis. To name a few, it participates in the immune and the nervous system modulation, the vitamins synthesis, the gut defence and the peristaltic movement.</p><p>Novel molecular biology techniques have been determinant to reveal amazing findings in recent years, and now the authors use terms and phrases such as “psychobiotics”, “an additional human tissue”, “the second brain”, and “the microbiota-gut-brain axis”, when referring to the gut microbiota functions.</p><p>In contrast, misregulation of gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenicity of chronical diseases, such as obesity, type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, gut inflammatory disease, depression and anxiety, among others. Therefore, it is important to investigate the gut microbiota composition and the individual contribution of each specie to the gut microbiota function, and subsequently, to the human organism physiology.</p><p>This review article summarizes recent contributions in the field, suitable when teaching the theme of “Habitual Microbiota” in the Biological Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Food Chemistry, and related bachelor degrees.</p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Liu ◽  
Yao Zhou ◽  
Shaozheng Wang ◽  
Hua Guan ◽  
Sai Hu ◽  
...  

Abstract Although the importance of the gut microbiota in the maintenance of human health has been well established, little is known about the impact of low-dose ionizing radiation ([LDR]; exposure to a dose of less than 0.5 Gy of low linear energy transfer radiation such as γ- or X-rays) on the composition and functional role of the gut microbiota. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the composition of the gut microbiota in mice exposed to LDR. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to low-dose Co60 radiation. Fecal samples taken prior to and after irradiation were used for high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequence amplicons. We observed substantial changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, including alpha diversity and beta diversity, in mice exposed to LDR compared with the nonradiated control group. Moreover, at the genus level, the abundance of Clostridium, Helicobacter, and Oscilibacter increased, and those of Bacteroides and Barnesiella decreased, in a time-dependent manner in the radiated groups compared with the nonradiated control group. The functional metabolic pathway analysis indicated that Bacteroides spp. and members of the other genera that were found are predicted to play roles in bacterial toxin production, DNA repair, and Type II diabetes. Furthermore, these alterations in the gut microbiota were accompanied by changes in the abundance of multiple metabolites, which were predicted to be involved in multiple signaling pathways, including glucagon, central carbon metabolism, and type II diabetes. The possibility of microbiota-mediated pathophysiology resulting from LDR may be an as yet unrecognized hazard that merits further experimental examination. This study provides a conceptual and analytical foundation for further research into the chronic effects of LDR on human health, and points to potential novel targets for intervention to prevent the adverse effects of radiation.


2017 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 630-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Navab-Moghadam ◽  
Mansour Sedighi ◽  
Mohammad E. Khamseh ◽  
Fariba Alaei-Shahmiri ◽  
Malihe Talebi ◽  
...  

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