scholarly journals Infection Rate in the Population of Ticks Hyalomma marginatum in the Territory of the Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever (CHF) Natural Focus and Assessment of the Link with the CHF Incidence in the Stavropol Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
N. V. Tsapko ◽  
V. M. Dubyansky ◽  
A. Yu. Gazieva ◽  
U. M. Ashibokov ◽  
A. S. Volynkina
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Hyalomma Marginatum ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
The Individual

Objective of the study was to assess the infection rate in the population of the main CCHF virus vector Hyalomma marginatum and its impact on the CHF incidence in the Stavropol Region.Materials and methods. The data on spontaneous infection of H. marginatum ticks in the territory of the CHF natural focus in the Stavropol Region for the period 2012–2018 are presented. In total, more than 22.000 H. marginatum specimens pooled in 1546 samples were tested. The indication of CCHF virus was performed by PCR method using the reagent set for detecting RNA of the CCHF virus “AmplySens® CCHFV-FL” (produced by Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russia). To determine the individual infection rate in pools Beklemishev`s method was used. The data on CCHF incidence and amount of tick-bitten persons are taken from official statistics and Annual Epidemiological Report on CHF Incidence provided by the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Stavropol Region for the period of 2012–2018.Results and discussion. RNA of CCHF virus was detected in 161 (10.4 %) out of 1546 pooled ticks. The highest infection rate (20 %) was among nymphs. The infection rate for pooled males of H. marginatum was 11 % and for females – 8.5 %. Circulation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is confirmed in major part of the Stavropol Region. The average infection rate among H. marginatum population was 1.54 % for the period of 2012–2018, ranging from 0.23 % in 2014 to 2.97 % in 2017. It is established that the level of infection rate among H. marginatum population does not affect the CHF incidence in the Stavropol Region. Probably it is not the number of infected ticks in the population that determines the CHF incidence rate but their abundance.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Ticks (Arachniada: Argasidae and Ixodidae) and Their Infection Rate to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽  
Samin Jafari ◽  
Zakkyeh Telmadarraiy ◽  
Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo ◽  
Eslam Moradi-Asl
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hard Ticks ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hyalomma Marginatum ◽  
Cchf Virus

Background: The Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is one of the most important arthropod-borne viral dis-eases with a mortality rate of about 30% among humans. The disease, caused by a Nairovirus, is transmitted to humans and animals by hard and soft ticks. This study aimed to determine the distribution of soft and hard ticks in the past three decades in Iran with an emphasis on the vectors of the CCHF virus. Methods: In this study, all studies that were carried out in different regions of Iran from 1979 to 2018 and their results were published in prestigious journals were used to create a database. The distribution of ticks was mapped using ArcMap10.3. Results: Based on the results, nine genera and 37 species of soft and hard ticks were recorded in Iran. So far, six genera and 16 species of hard and soft ticks were reported to be infected with the CCHF virus. The infection to this virus was reported from 18 out of 31 provinces, with a high rate in Sistan and Baluchistan as well as Khuzestan provinces. The highest levels of CCHF infection belonged to Hyalomma marginatum and H. anatolicum. Conclusion: The main vectors of CCHF, H. marginatum and H. anatolicum, were reported in more than 38.7% of Iran's provinces, and these two species were identified as invasive species in Iran. Thus, control activities should be strength-ened to avoid the outbreaks of CCHF.

scholarly journals Genetic Monitoring of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in the South of the European Part of Russia

2012 ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Volynkina ◽  
A. N. Kulichenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
European Part ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Virus Variant ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
First Time

Presented are the results of gene-typing of CCHF virus detected in clinical samples from CHF patients from the Stavropol, Rostov and Astrakhan Regions in 2011. For 28 samples determined are nucleotide sequences of the fragments 115–652 (S segment) and fragments 984–1469 (M segment). Philogenetic analysis of these nucleotide sequences demonstrated that typical strains circulated in 2011 in the regions under surveillance, importation of the new genetic variants of the virus did not take place. CCHF virus variant affiliated to the subgroup “Astrakhan-2” was detected in the clinical samples for the first time and characterized for its genome S- and M-segment fragments.

scholarly journals The Centre for Heritage Conservation Studies and Technologies 2016-2018

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Building Research ◽  
Digital Heritage ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Individual

The Centre for Heritage Conservation Studies and Technologies (KDWT) was founded in spring 2016 as a central research institute of the Otto Friedrich University Bamberg. The core tasks of the KDWT are the expansion of knowledge and technology transfer to non-university research in-stitutions, business and crafts, the expansion of technical excellence, the supplementation of the range of courses, the support in research, teaching, transfer and service in terms of content and technical equipment as well in the internationalisation of research. The centre is divided into four departments: Monument Preservation, Digital Heritage Technologies, Building Research and Res-toration Science and thus covers both the foundations in the humanities as well as engineering and scientific approaches. The first volume of the “Reports of the KDWT” series presents the technically diverse work of the first two and a half years since the KDWT was established in a format with colour illustrations. Four main chapters represent the four departments mentioned. First, the fundamental aims and focus of each subject are outlined. This is followed by individual presentations of the respective re-search projects, which also would like to bring the content closer to the non-expert reader, especially through the illustrations provided. For a better overview, basic information and thematically linked publications have been added to the projects. For example, the Monument Preservation department reports on various projects related to the theme, city and heritage conservation, addresses participatory heritage protection, emotions and heritage as well as a municipal monument plan for Bavaria, to name just a few. The digital heritage technologies outline projects in the area of 3D documentation. The building research area analy-ses large medieval buildings, develops concepts for building preservation and improves technical skills in building analysis. Finally, the area of restoration science explains the use of non-destructive methods of investigation and microanalysis based on international and local projects, be they Sin-ghalese temple sites, European cathedrals or medieval textiles from the Bamberg cathedral treasury. The aim of the project presentations is to clarify to what extent each sub-area represents the KDWT with extraordinary, professionally sound experience and expertise in teaching, research and above all in practice. In order to do justice to the extensive transfer, networking and research activities of the individual members, a fifth main chapter lists all individual services in alphabetical order until mid-2018.

scholarly journals Natural-Focal Viral Fevers in the South of the European Part of Russia. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
O. V. Maletskaya ◽  
T. V. Taran ◽  
D. A. Prislegina ◽  
V. M. Dubyansky ◽  
A. S. Volynkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The South ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cchf Virus

Objective of the study was to determine the modern epidemiological peculiarities of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the south of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Data of statistical documentation (epidemiological survey of the infectious disease focus, annual summary reports dated 2010–2019) and epizootiologic monitoring data submitted by the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations and the Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the constituent entities of the Southern and the North Caucasian Federal Districts were used. Descriptive, genetic, analytical methods and retrospective epidemiological analysis were applied.Results and discussion. The СCHF natural focus in the European south of Russia has an area of 815 thousand square kilometers and it is characterized by persistence, expansion of the territory, and circulation of CCHF virus European genotypes. CCHF virus genetic variants form the local overlapping populations. Over the period of 2010–2019 997 CCHF cases were registered. Moderate forms of the disease clinically prevailed (74.2 per cent). Hemorrhagic symptoms were noted in 29.3 % of patients. The lethal outcome of the disease was registered in 31 CCHF patients (3 %). Two cases of nosocomial infection were identified, nine health workers were infected by CCHF pathogen. The expansion of epizootically active territory of the CCHF natural focus is associated with the expansion of the Hyalomma marginatum ticks area northward due to the aridization of the steppes, in part because of global climate change. The stability of the CCHF virus population was noted. The epidemic core of the CCHF natural focus remains on the adjacent territory of the Rostov Region, Stavropol Territory and the Republic of Kalmykia. The higher efficiency of CCHF prevention measures on the territory of the core is stemming from the targetness and intensity of measures, contributing to the early seeking of medical care by patients, their early hospitalization which in its turn influenced the development of clinical manifestations and outcome of the disease, and also made it possible to minimize the CCHF nosocomial infections number, including those among the medical personnel. 

scholarly journals Infra Red Thermography Reveals Transpirational Cooling in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Plants Under Heat Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun K. Shanker ◽  
Divya Bhanu ◽  
Basudev Sarkar ◽  
S.K. Yadav ◽  
N. Jyothilakshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stressed Plant

AbstractAn infra red thermographic analysis of well watered control and well watered heat stressed pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) was conducted at ICAR – Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture as a part of high resolution phenomics studies to identify the individual quantitative physiological parameters by plant phenotyping that form the basis for more complex abiotic stress tolerant traits. It was seen that the temperature gradient increased gradually from ground level to the top in the control non heat stressed plant. In contrast, it was seen that in the heat stressed plant the temperature increased up to the middle of the plant and then started to decrease at the top of the plant in comparison with the non heat stressed control plant. Our results indicate that the lowering of temperatures in the top of the heat stressed plant may be a mechanism by which the heat stressed plant acclimates to stress by regulating its transpiration thereby bringing in a cooling effect to counter stress.

scholarly journals Differential Cell Line Susceptibility to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Dai ◽  
Qiaoli Wu ◽  
Xiaoli Wu ◽  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Permissive Cell ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Cchf Virus

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne viral disease of global concerns due to the increasing incidence and lack of effective treatments. The causative agent, CCHF virus (CCHFV), has been characterized for years; however, its tropism in cell lines of different host and tissue origins remains unclear. This study characterized the susceptibility of 16 human and 6 animal cell lines to CCHFV. Increased viral load and viral nucleoprotein expression, and productive CCHFV replication were detected in human vascular (HUVEC), renal (SW-13 and HEK-293), hepatic (Huh7), and cerebral (U-87 MG) cell lines, which were considered CCHFV-highly permissive cell lines. Renal cell lines derived from monkey and dog could also support CCHFV replication. This study evaluated the susceptibility of different cell lines to CCHFV and identified CCHFV-permissive cell lines. Our findings raise concerns regarding the use of cell lines in ex vivo studies of CCHFV and may have important implications for further fundamental research, which would promote understanding of CCHFV pathogenesis and transmission, as well as benefit designing strategies for disease prevention and control.

scholarly journals Reverse Genetics for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 5997-6006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Flick ◽  
Kirsten Flick ◽  
Heinz Feldmann ◽  
Fredrik Elgh
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Pol I ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Cchf Virus

ABSTRACT The widespread geographical distribution of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus (more than 30 countries) and its ability to produce severe human disease with high mortality rates (up to 60%) make CCHF a major public health concern worldwide. We describe here the successful establishment of a reverse genetics technology for CCHF virus, a member of the genus Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae. The RNA polymerase I (pol I) system was used to generate artificial viral RNA genome segments (minigenomes), which contained different reporter genes in antisense (virus RNA) or sense (virus-complementary RNA) orientation flanked by the noncoding regions of the CCHF virus S segment. Reporter gene expression was observed in different eukaryotic cell lines following transfection and subsequent superinfection with CCHF virus, confirming encapsidation, transcription, and replication of the pol I-derived minigenomes. The successful transfer of reporter gene activity to fresh cells demonstrated the generation of recombinant CCHF viruses, thereby confirming the packaging of the pol I-derived minigenomes into progeny viruses. The system offers a unique opportunity to study the biology of nairoviruses and to develop therapeutic and prophylactic measures against CCHF infections. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time that the human pol I system can be used to develop reverse genetics approaches for viruses in the family Bunyaviridae. This is important since it might facilitate the manipulation of bunyaviruses with cell and host tropisms restricted to primates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document