scholarly journals Cultivation of the diatom algae Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus (Paulsen) Takano, 1968 as food for giant oyster larvae Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Ladygina ◽  
A. V. Pirkova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Diatom Algae ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Chaetoceros Calcitrans ◽  
Giant Oyster

An impact of modified nutrient media F/2 and Conway on the growth and biomass accumulation of the diatom algae Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus, which is a part of the food for cultivated larvae of the giant oyster Crassostrea gigas in the IMBR RAS nursery, was studied. Maximum values of cell and biomass concentrations were obtained on the modified F/2 nutrient medium (11.22 × 106 cells·ml-1 and 4.93 g·l-1, respectively), and they were much larger than those obtained on Conway medium. Growth parameters of C. calcitrans f. pumilus depended on the ratio of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as on the silicon content in nutrient media. The ratio N : P = 12.5 and the silicon concentration of 24 mg·l-1 in the modified F/2 nutrient medium are shown to be approaching the optimal ones for increasing growth rate of diatom algae. It is found that the microalga in concentration 150 × 103 cells·ml-1, cultivated on different nutrient media and included in food composition, has impact on the growth rate of giant oyster larvae. An average daily amount of growth of larvae, whose diet included algae cultivated on modified F/2 nutrient medium, was higher than that of larvae cultivated on Conway medium.

scholarly journals Морфолого-культуральні властивості рідкісного лікарського гриба Sparassis crispa (Sparassidaceae, Polyporales)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-558
Author(s):  
O. B. Mykchaylova ◽  
A. P. Gryganskyi ◽  
M. L. Lomberg ◽  
N. A. Bisko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Pine Sawdust

<p>A verification of <em>S</em><em>parassis</em><em> crispa</em><em> </em>(Wulfen) Fr. strains of the IBK Mushroom Culture Collection using molecular-genetic and cultural-morphological methods were done. For all <em>S. crispa</em> strains a complete determination of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer: ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 regions of rRNA, as well as the partial determination of 18S and 28S sequences surrounding the ITS, was performed. As a result of the search in the gene bank, the <em>S</em><em>. </em><em>crispa</em> samples deposited there showed 99-98% identity with the sequences we received, thus confirming the species of the examined strains. On the basis of the sequences we received, investigated strains were registered in NCBI GenBank. To confirm the taxonomic affiliation of the strains we studied their cultural and morphological characteristics. Microstructures of vegetative mycelium by optical and scanning electron microscopy were investigated. In all <em>S. crispa</em> cultures we observed the hyphae with regular one-sided gapless clamp connections, numerous secretory cells on the surface of the hyphae, anastomoses, filamentous strands and films. We studied the growth rate and morphology of the strains on seven agar nutrient media. According to the radial growth rate of <em>S. crispa</em> cultures can be placed to the very slowly growing mushrooms, growth rate of 0,5−2,8 mm/day. We found the selective media such as malt agar with the addition of pine sawdust (SS) and larch sawdust (SM) as most favorable for the vegetative growth and generative stage for all strains, temperature of incubation was 26 ± 0.1 °C. For mycelial growth the critical temperature was 39 ± 0.1 °C for <em>S. crispa</em> strains 312, 314 and 40 ± 0.1 °C for the strains 304, 2004. We confirmed belonging of studied strains to <em>S. </em><em>с</em><em>rispa</em> species according to established morphological and cultural characteristics. This result coincided with the results of DNA typing. Thus, the obtained mycelium growth parameters on nutrient media, micro- and macromorphological characteristics can be used as additional taxonomic characteristics of <em>S. </em><em>с</em><em>rispa</em> culture in the vegetative stage of growth.<strong> </strong>The strain <em>S. </em><em>с</em><em>rispa</em> 314 may become a potential producer for new fungal biotechnologies in Ukraine in the near future and reintroduction of this species in the nature.</p>

scholarly journals Characteristics growth of mycelium of mushroom shiitake Lentinula Edodes (Berk.) Pegler in vitro

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
T. Ivanova ◽  
N. Voloschuk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Goal. The purpose of this work is to study the growth of the mycelium of the fungus Lentinula Edodes (Berk.) Pegler on nutrient media of different composition and also to study the features of the use of Avatar-1 micro fertilizer and sodium selenite. Methods. Biotechnological research methods. Sodium selenite (Na2S eO3) at a concentration of 1.0 mmol / l was also used. Pure culture of the mushrooms had a very dense structure and white color. In our work, we used biotechnological methods — obtain this by subculturing the L. edodes strain in vitro; microbiological methods — obtaining pure culture of the fungus, the study of the cultural properties of the colonies. We set the pH value (pH) of nutrient media at the beginning and at the end of incubation. We applied mycological methods to measure the speed, density of growth and dry mass of mycelium. we used the light microscopy method. We performed statistical data processing.Method of light microscopy. Results. The experiments showed about acceleration of mycelial growth, mass and the greatest yield of mycelium L. edodes were on a nutrient medium with microfertilizer Avatar-1. In the experiment, it was found that the maximum overgrowth of the medium by mycelium occurs at 7 days. We have been proved that in the «Avatar-1» nutrient medium there was an increase and consolidation of bifurcated hyphae and buckles of L. edodes. There was even germination of mycelium that did not have too thin or thick hyphae. The dependence of growth rate on the type of nutrient medium. Also, the of doses of the drug, which effectively influences the technology of obtaining primary mycelium L. edodes. Conclusions. The dependence of the growth rate on the type of nutrient medium, the dose administration rate, as well as the cultivation regimes, that effectively influence and cheapen the technology of obtaining the primary mycelium L. edodes is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Study of the Effect of a Biologically Active Compound Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 4-Chlorophenylsulfanylacetate on the Growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
S. V. Lukyanova ◽  
N. G. Gefan ◽  
S. N. Adamovich ◽  
E. N. Oborina ◽  
N. M. Khaptanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Test Strain ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Biologically Active Compound ◽  
Meat Peptone Agar

Background. Development of nutrient media ensuring the maximum growth rate of pathogens of dangerous infectious diseases while preserving their biological properties is extremely important. A promising direction in this area seems to be the use of synthetic microbial growth biostimulants.The aim of the work is to study the possibility of improving nutrient media for the cultivation of Listeria and Staphylococcus using a biologically active compound tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 4-chlorophenylsulfanylacetate.Materials and methods. The object of the study was experimental nutrient medium for the cultivation of Listeria used for the culturing of the test strain Listeria monocytogenes 766. As a comparison medium, commercial medium Fraser broth to which agar was added at a concentration of 1.5 %, was used. The test strain Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P (FDA 209-P) was cultivated on meat-peptone agar with 1% glucose. The compound tris(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium (4-chlorophenyl)sulfanylacetate at a concentration of 10–4 wt. % was studied as a growth stimulator. A nutrient medium without a stimulant served as a control. The specific activity of nutrient media (germination rate, medium sensitivity, growth rate and stability of the main biological properties of microorganisms) was evaluated by the microbiological method.Results. Studies have shown that the addition of a growth stimulator to nutrient media contributes to the growth of colonies (by 10–50 %) and a decrease in the time of their development. When growth stimulator was added to the nutrient medium for the cultivation of Listeria, the initial growth of colonies of the L. monocytogenes 766 test strain after 12 hours of cultivation and growth of colonies of the test strain S. aureus ATCC 6538-P after 6 hours of cultivation on the meat-peptone agar with 1% glucose was observed.Conclusion. Thus, the addition of a growth biostimulator tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 4-chlorophenylsulfanyl acetate at a concentration of 10–4 wt. % in the nutrient medium accelerates the growth of Listeria and Staphylococcus, allows to reduce the time of issuance of the analysis result in half.

scholarly journals LED Lighting and High-Density Planting Enhance the Cost-Efficiency of Halimione portulacoides Extraction Units for Integrated Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4995
Author(s):  
Marco Custódio ◽  
Paulo Cartaxana ◽  
Sebastián Villasante ◽  
Ricardo Calado ◽  
Ana Isabel Lillebø
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
High Density ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Integrated Aquaculture ◽  
Halimione Portulacoides ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Aquaculture Effluents

Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants that can be used to extract dissolved inorganic nutrients from saline aquaculture effluents under a production framework commonly known as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen (common name: sea purslane) is an edible saltmarsh halophyte traditionally consumed by humans living near coastal wetlands and is considered a promising extractive species for IMTA. To better understand its potential for IMTA applications, the present study investigates how artificial lighting and plant density affect its productivity and capacity to extract nitrogen and phosphorous in hydroponic conditions that mimic aquaculture effluents. Plant growth was unaffected by the type of artificial lighting employed—white fluorescent lights vs. blue-white LEDs—but LED systems were more energy-efficient, with a 17% reduction in light energy costs. Considering planting density, high-density units of 220 plants m−2 produced more biomass per unit of area (54.0–56.6 g m−2 day−1) than did low-density units (110 plants m−2; 34.4–37.1 g m−2 day−1) and extracted more dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, H. portulacoides can be easily cultivated hydroponically using nutrient-rich saline effluents, where LEDs can be employed as an alternative to fluorescent lighting and high-density planting can promote higher yields and extraction efficiencies.

scholarly journals Genotypic Difference in the Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer Form in Tibetan Wild and Cultivated Barley

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Shama Naz ◽  
Qiufang Shen ◽  
Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba ◽  
Guoping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wild Barley ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Genotypic Difference ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Tibetan Wild Barley ◽  
Cultivated Barley

Nitrogen (N) availability and form have a dramatic effect on N uptake and assimilation in plants, affecting growth and development. In the previous studies, we found great differences in low-N tolerance between Tibetan wild barley accessions and cultivated barley varieties. We hypothesized that there are different responses to N forms between the two kinds of barleys. Accordingly, this study was carried out to determine the response of four barley genotypes (two wild, XZ16 and XZ179; and two cultivated, ZD9 andHua30) under 4Nforms (NO3−, NH4+, urea and glycine). The results showed significant reduction in growth parameters such as root/shoot length and biomass, as well as photosynthesis parameters and total soluble protein content under glycine treatment relative to other N treatments, for both wild and cultivated barley, however, XZ179 was least affected. Similarly, ammonium adversely affected growth parameters in both wild and cultivated barleys, with XZ179 being severely affected. On the other hand, both wild and cultivated genotypes showed higher biomass, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll and protein in NO3− treatment relative to other three N treatments. It may be concluded that barley undisputedly grows well under inorganic nitrogen (NO3−), however in response to the organic N wild barley prefer glycine more than cultivated barely.

scholarly journals Feedback Regulation between Aquatic Microorganisms and the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Tao Lu ◽  
Hans W. Paerl ◽  
Yiling Chen ◽  
Zhenyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coculture System ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
Aquatic Microorganisms

ABSTRACT The frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms are increasing worldwide. Interactions between toxic cyanobacteria and aquatic microorganisms need to be critically evaluated to understand microbial drivers and modulators of the blooms. In this study, we applied 16S/18S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics analyses to measure the microbial community composition and metabolic responses of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in a coculture system receiving dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIP) close to representative concentrations in Lake Taihu, China. M. aeruginosa secreted alkaline phosphatase using a DIP source produced by moribund and decaying microorganisms when the P source was insufficient. During this process, M. aeruginosa accumulated several intermediates in energy metabolism pathways to provide energy for sustained high growth rates and increased intracellular sugars to enhance its competitive capacity and ability to defend itself against microbial attack. It also produced a variety of toxic substances, including microcystins, to inhibit metabolite formation via energy metabolism pathways of aquatic microorganisms, leading to a negative effect on bacterial and eukaryotic microbial richness and diversity. Overall, compared with the monoculture system, the growth of M. aeruginosa was accelerated in coculture, while the growth of some cooccurring microorganisms was inhibited, with the diversity and richness of eukaryotic microorganisms being more negatively impacted than those of prokaryotic microorganisms. These findings provide valuable information for clarifying how M. aeruginosa can potentially modulate its associations with other microorganisms, with ramifications for its dominance in aquatic ecosystems. IMPORTANCE We measured the microbial community composition and metabolic responses of Microcystis aeruginosa in a microcosm coculture system receiving dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIP) close to the average concentrations in Lake Taihu. In the coculture system, DIP is depleted and the growth and production of aquatic microorganisms can be stressed by a lack of DIP availability. M. aeruginosa could accelerate its growth via interactions with specific cooccurring microorganisms and the accumulation of several intermediates in energy metabolism-related pathways. Furthermore, M. aeruginosa can decrease the carbohydrate metabolism of cooccurring aquatic microorganisms and thus disrupt microbial activities in the coculture. This also had a negative effect on bacterial and eukaryotic microbial richness and diversity. Microcystin was capable of decreasing the biomass of total phytoplankton in aquatic microcosms. Overall, compared to the monoculture, the growth of total aquatic microorganisms is inhibited, with the diversity and richness of eukaryotic microorganisms being more negatively impacted than those of prokaryotic microorganisms. The only exception is M. aeruginosa in the coculture system, whose growth was accelerated.

Bacterioplankton, Phytoplankton, and Zooplankton Communities in a British Columbia Coastal Lake Before and After Nutrient Reduction

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1504-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Joan Hardy ◽  
Ken S. Shortreed ◽  
John G. Stockner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Coastal Lake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations

Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were applied weekly during the growing season from 1980 to 1982 and twice weekly in 1983 to Hobiton Lake, a warm monomictic coastal lake in British Columbia. The lake was not fertilized in 1984. Average numbers of bacteria during the growing season decreased from a high of 1.53 × 106∙mL−1 in the fertilized condition to 0.84 × 106∙mL−1 in the unfertilized condition. Chlorophyll a concentrations decreased from a maximum seasonal average of 2.69 μg∙L−1 (1981) to 1.30 μg∙L−1 (1984), and algal numbers decreased from 5.83 × 104∙mL−1 (1983) to 2.29 × 104∙mL−1 (1984). Although the numbers of phytoplankton in each size fraction (picoplankton, nanoplankton, or microplankton) decreased in the unfertilized condition, the greatest change was an almost fourfold decrease in picoplankton, which consisted of 90% cyanobacteria (primarily Synechococcus spp.). Abundance of the large diatoms Rhizosolenia spp. and Melosira spp. increased in 1984, resulting in an increase in average seasonal algal volume. Average densities of medium (0.15–0.84 mm) and large (0.85–1.5 mm) zooplankton were greatest in 1982, while rotifers and small zooplankton (0.10–0.14 mm) were most dense in 1984 following nutrient reduction. The lake had relatively high concentrations of planktivorous juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that appeared to minimize any direct effect of nutrient additions on zooplankton densities.

scholarly journals The ameliorative effect of selenium on Azolla caroliniana grown under UV-B stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Mostafa ◽  
A.M.A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Glutathione Redox

Exposure ofAzollaplants to UV-B radiation for 6 h resulted in a decrease in biomass and relative growth rate (RGR), which coincided with an increase in doubling time (DT) as compared with the control. Also, the protein content decreased. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxyde (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated significantly in UV-treatedAzollaplants. Conversely, the addition of selenium (Se) at 1 ppm resulted in a significant increase in biomass and protein content of untreated and UV-treatedAzollaplants, and a significant reduction in both H2O2and MDA. Moreover, the addition of Se to UV-treated and untreatedAzollaplants resulted in a significant increase in total ascorbate and total glutathione (GSH) contents compared with the control and UV-stressedAzollaplants. Also, glutathione redox potential (GSH/TG) increased significantly in UV-treatedAzollaplants in the presence of Se. There also was a significant increase (38%) in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in UV-treated plants compared with the control. APX activity in the presence of Se did not change significantly compared with the control. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased significantly in UV-treatedAzolla, while glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity did not. On the other hand, both GSH-PX and GR activity in untreated and UV-treatedAzollaplants were significantly enhanced by the application of Se to the nutrient media at a concentration of 1 ppm. Therefore, we can conclude that Se protectsAzollaplants from UV-B stress.

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