Tribenuron methyl exposure inhibits oogenesis in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)

Tribenuron methyl is a herbicide that is used to control annual and perennial dicots in cereals and fallow land. Pesticides can access aquatic ecosystems via groundwater and affect water quality and aquatic life. Our study evaluated histopathological effects of tribenuron methyl on ovary of the zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822). Ovary of the fishes in control group not exposed to the herbicide showed normal histological architecture. In the fishes exposed to tribenuron methyl, vacuolisation, edema and dysmorphism were recorded. Significant decrease in the number of primary and mature oocytes as well as dose dependent increase in the number of atretic oocytes were recorded in fishes exposed to tribenuron methyl.

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POTENTIAL DIURETIC EFFECT OF CURCUMA AMADA ROXB. RHIZOME EXTRACTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.50.04.p0034 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (04) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

P Bommannavar ◽

◽

K. Patil

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Control Group ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Diuretic Activity ◽

Curcuma Amada ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Total Urine ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent

The present study was undertaken to establish the diuretic activity of alcoholic and aqueous extract of dried rhizomes of Curcuma amada Roxb in rats. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of rhizomes were administered to experimental male Wistar rats orally at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg and compared with furosemide (10 mg/kg) as the reference standard. The parameters measured for diuretic activity were total urine volume, urine electrolyte concentration such as sodium, potassium and chloride have been evaluated. The rats treated with alcoholic and aqueous extract of Curcuma amada in a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg showed higher urine output when compared to the respective control. Both alcoholic and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group. The result indicates that alcoholic and aqueous extract is an effective natriuretic and kaliuretic diuretic, which supports the traditional claim about the Curcuma amada Roxb being used as diuretics.

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Cardiac Effects of Echinocandins in Endotoxemic Rats

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01766-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 301-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christian Koch ◽

Matthias Wolff ◽

Michael Henrich ◽

Markus A. Weigand ◽

Christoph Lichtenstern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Myocytes ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Endotoxemic Shock ◽

And Control ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTEchinocandins are known as effective and safe agents for the prophylaxis and treatment of different cohorts of patients with fungal infections. Recent studies revealed that certain pharmacokinetics of echinocandin antifungals might impact clinical efficacy and safety in special patient populations. The aim of our study was to evaluate echinocandin-induced aggravation of cardiac impairment in septic shock. Using anin vivoendotoxemic shock model in rats, we assessed hemodynamic parameters and time to hemodynamic failure (THF) after additional central-venous application of anidulafungin (2.5 mg/kg of body weight [BW]), caspofungin (0.875 mg/kg BW), micafungin (3 mg/kg BW), and control (0.9% sodium chloride). In addition, echinocandin-induced cytotoxicity was evaluated in isolated rat cardiac myocytes. THF of the animals in the caspofungin group (n= 7) was significantly reduced compared to that in the control (n= 6) (136 min versus 180 min;P= 0.0209). The anidulafungin group (n= 7) also showed a trend of reduced THF (136 min versus 180 min; log-rank testP= 0.0578). Animals in the micafungin group (n= 7) did not show significant differences in THF compared to those in the control. Control group animals and also micafungin group animals did not show altered cardiac output (CO) during our experiments. In contrast, administration of anidulafungin or caspofungin induced a decrease in CO. We also revealed a dose-dependent increase of cytotoxicity in anidulafungin- and caspofungin-treated cardiac myocytes. Treatment with micafungin did not cause significantly increased cytotoxicity. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanism.

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355 DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF IMMATURE BUBALINE CUMULUS - OOCYTE COMPLEXES VITRIFIED BY THE OPEN PULLED STRAW AND CONVENTIONAL STRAW METHODS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv19n1ab355 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

A. Sharma ◽

G. N. Purohit

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Developmental Competence ◽

Control Group ◽

Equal Concentration ◽

Nuclear Maturation ◽

Developmental Capacity ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent

The in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF), and morphological changes in buffalo cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) cryopreserved by ultrarapid freezing using conventional (CON) and open pulled staw (OPS) methods were tested. COCs were cryopreserved using a vitrification solution comprised of Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline+0.5 M sucrose+0.4% BSA and two concentrations (4.5 or 5.5 M) of each cryoprotectant ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) by either the CON or the OPS method. Vitrified COCs were stored in LN for 7 days and then thawed; morphologically normal COCs were used for IVM (n = 1070) and IVF (n = 933) in 2 separate experiments to record morphological damage of COCs due to vitrification, nuclear maturation 24 h after culture (9 replicates), and fertilization 24 h after insemination (10 replicates). The COCs were matured in vitro in TCM-199 media with hormone supplements and fertilized using TALP-BSA as described previously (Purohit et al. 2005 Anim. Reprod. Sci. 87, 229–239). Freshly collected COCs were separately used for IVM (n = 110) and IVF (n = 130) and kept as controls. The arcsin transformed data of the proportions of oocytes matured or fertilized was compared by Duncan's new multiple range test. The highest proportion of morphologically normal oocytes was seen in 5.5 M EG with the CON method (94.5%) and the lowest was seen in 4.5 M DMSO with the OPS method (82.4%). At the end of experiment 1, it was apparent that IVM in all vitrification groups was significantly lower (P < 0.05) compared to the control group (66.4%). Among the various vitrification treatments, the highest IVM occurred in 5.5 M EG with the OPS method (39.2%) and the lowest in 4.5 DMSO with the CON method (19.3%). Comparison of both concentrations of EG and DMSO showed that the proportion of COCs attaining Metaphase-II (M-II) increased with increasing concentration of both of the cryoprotectants. However, at equal concentration of EG and DMSO, the proportion of COCs attaining M-II was significantly higher in the OPS method compared to the CON method. In experiment 2, a significantly higher (P < 0.05) IVF was seen for fresh COCs (45.4%) compared to vitrified COCs. Among the vitrification treatments, the highest fertilization was seen in 5.5 M EG with the OPS method (33.6%) and the lowest in 4.5 M DMSO with the CON method (15.17%). A dose-dependent increase in the proportion of oocytes fertilized was seen with increasing concentration of both EG and DMSO [CON: 4.5 M (15.2%), 5.5 M (25.6%); OPS: 4.5 M (21.3%), 5.5 M (27.5%)] in both CON and OPS methods. Comparison of the 2 cryoprotectants revealed that EG was better compared to DMSO.At equal concentrations of EG or DMSO, a significantly higher (P < 0.05) proportion of fertilized oocytes was seen in the OPS method compared to the CON method. It was concluded that vitrification results in some damage to oocytes, with decrease in their subsequent IVM and IVF. Developmental capacity of vitrified buffalo oocytes can be improved by using OPS instead of conventional straws.

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Behavioral analysis of anxiolytic action of phenazepam in conditions of an acute psychogenic stress (predator presentation) in Danio rerio

Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy ◽

10.17816/rcf19171-78 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 71-78

Author(s):

Andrei A. Lebedev ◽

Aleksandr S. Devyashin ◽

Aleksandra A. Blazhenko ◽

Sergei V. Kazakov ◽

Viktor A. Lebedev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Danio Rerio ◽

Path Length ◽

Stress Test ◽

Control Group ◽

The Novel ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Psychogenic Stress ◽

Pharmacological Substance ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Dose Dependent Effect

We studied the effect of benzodiazepine anxiolytic phenazepam after the predator presentation to Danio rerio. The test of novelty was used: the fish was placed first in a beaker with a dissolved pharmacological substance (or H2O) and then into a novel tank for 6 min, where the trajectory, the path length, the number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank, the number and time of the pattern of freezing were measured. It is shown that, in response to the novelty of tank, the fish are reacted by submerging to the bottom, increasing the frizing, and reducing the number of movements to the upper half of the novel tank. After phenazepam administration, the fish were not only in the lower, but also in the upper part of the novel tank. The average path length did not change significantly in the range of doses used. The number and time of the frizing, as well as the time spent in the lower part of the novel tank, decreased more than 2 times compared to the control group of animals and showed a dose-dependent effect. The number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank for the experiment increased significantly from 1 in the control to 57 after phenazepam in a dose of 1 mg/l. At the same time, the number of movements of fish to the upper part of the novel tank significantly increased more than 2 times from 3th min of the experiment with the use of phenazepam in a dose of 1 mg/l. Predator presentation (Hypsophrys nicaraguensis) caused an increase in the number of freezing (temporary immobilization) and a decrease in the length of the trajectory of movement in the novel tank as compared with the Danio rerio control group. Phenazapam at a dose of 1 mg/l removed the effects of a predator, while exhibiting a typical effect: the number of movements to the upper part of the tank during the experiment significantly increased to 30; the time at the bottom of the tank was halved. It was concluded that the novelty stress test and the test with a predator are highly sensitive for studying anxiety-phobic reactions in Danio rerio.

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Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of hydromethanolic extract of Daniella oliveri leaves in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0087 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samuel Okwudili Onoja ◽

Gideon Kelechi Madubuike ◽

Maxwell Ikechukwu Ezeja

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Photometric Assay ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent

AbstractThe hepatoprotective activity was investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CClThe pretreatment with extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and silymarin (100 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent increase in hepatoprotective activity when compared with the negative control group. The extract (25–400 μg/mL concentration) produced a concentration-dependent increase in antioxidant activity in 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) photometric assay. The ICThe results of the study suggest that

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Toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cadmium, Copper and Zinc in a direct comparison at equitoxic concentrations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles

10.1101/717363 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Vyshal Delahaut ◽

Božidar Rašković ◽

Marta Satorres Salvado ◽

Lieven Bervoets ◽

Ronny Blust ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Carp ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Gill Tissue ◽

Specific Pattern ◽

Zinc Toxicity ◽

Exposure Experiment ◽

The Individual ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Histopathological Effects

AbstractThe individual toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) towards common carp juveniles was evaluated in a direct comparison in two experimental setups. First, the fish were exposed for 10 days to different metal concentrations. Accumulated metals were quantified and showed a positive dose dependent uptake for cadmium and copper, but not for zinc. Toxicity was in the order Cd>Cu>Zn with 96h LC50 values (concentration where 50% of the animals dies within 96h) for Cd at 0.20±0.16 μM, Cu at 0.77±0.03 μM, and Zn at 29.89±9.03 μM respectively, and incipient lethal levels (concentration where 50% of the animals survives indefinitely) at 0.16 μM, 0.77 μM and 28.33 μM respectively. Subsequently, a subacute exposure experiment was conducted, where carp juveniles were exposed to 2 equitoxic concentrations (10% and 50% of LC50 96 h) of the three metals. The gill metal content was quantified after 1, 3 and 7 days, and was correlated to electrolyte levels and structural damage of the gill tissue and associated pathological effects. Again a significant dose-dependent increase in gill cadmium and copper, but not in zinc, was observed during the 7-day exposure. Copper clearly affected the sodium levels in the gill tissue, while zinc and cadmium did not significantly alter any of the gill electrolytes. The overall histopathological effects (e.g. hyperemia and hypertrophy) of the metal exposures were mild for most of the alterations, and no metal specific pattern was elucidated for the tested metals except oedema of the primary epithelium which typically occurred in both levels of Zn exposure.

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Assessment of dose-dependent effects of anxiolytics of benzodiazepine structure with diazepam as an example in Danio Rerio

Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy ◽

10.17816/rcf18143-49 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Aleksandr S. Devyashin ◽

Aleksandra A. Blazhenko ◽

Viktor A. Lebedev ◽

Andrei A. Lebedev ◽

Eugenii R. Bychkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Danio Rerio ◽

Stress Test ◽

Dose Range ◽

Control Group ◽

The Novel ◽

Gaba A ◽

Small Doses ◽

Pharmacological Substance ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Dose Dependent Effect

Abstract. The effect of benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam in Danio rerio was investigated. Methods. A stress test on novelty situation was used: a fish was placed first in a beaker with a dissolved pharmacological substance (or water) and then into a novel tank for 6 min, where the trajectory, the path length, the number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank, the number and time of the pattern of freezing of the experiment were measured. Results. In response to the novelty of tank, the fish was shown to react by submerging to the bottom, increasing the freezing, and reducing the number of movements to the upper half of the novel tank. After diazepam exposure (administration), the fish was not only in the lower, but also in the upper part of the novel tank. A pharmacological analysis of diazepam effect in Danio rerio showed that in a certain dose range of 110 mg/l anxiolytic reduces (in comparison with the control group of fish) the number and time of freezing, increases the number of movements in the upper half of the tank and the swimming time in upper part of the tank. Diazepam causes a disinhibition of motor activity at doses of 1 and 5 mg/l, which may be explained by the effect of small doses of tranquilizers on presynaptic GABA-A autoreceptors. Diazepam 20 mg/l has a depriving effect. Conclusion. Diazepam acts in a higher dose range (110 mg/l) than phenazepam (0.11 mg/l) in Danio rerio. At the same time, diazepam is characterized by a domed dose-dependent effect, in contrast to the action of phenazepam. The prospect of using Danio rerio as an animal model in behavioral pharmacology is not inferior to studies in rodents.

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Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine in Pregnant Rat Increased Inflammatory Marker in Newborn Rat

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2014/274048 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yosouf Mohsenzadeh ◽

Asghar Rahmani ◽

Javad Cheraghi ◽

Maryam Pyrani ◽

Khairollah Asadollahi

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Serum Markers ◽

Control Group ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Pregnant Rat ◽

The Mean ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent

This study aimed to investigate any inflammatory effect of nicotine on rat embryo by exposing their mothers to different dosages of nicotine during pregnancy. During this experimental study, 32 pregnant healthy Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups, including a control and 3 nicotine exposure groups. Injections were performed subcutaneously starting at the first day of pregnancy until parturition. As the dosages of nicotine were increased, the weight gain by pregnant rats and the mean weight of their newborns were significantly reduced. Mean ± SD of hs-CRP was significantly higher among groups exposed to various dosages of nicotine (2, 4, and 6 mg/kg) compared to the control group (P<0.0001) and its increasing rate was also dose dependent. Mean ± SD serum level of IL-6 and TNF-αamong all groups exposed to nicotine, except for 2 mg/kg nicotine injected group, was increased significantly (P<0.0001). Mean ± SD of serum level of TGF-βand nitrite oxide among exposure groups showed significant differences compared to the control group only at the dosage of 6 mg/kg (P<0.0001). The current study showed that exposing pregnant rats to nicotine causes a dose dependent increase in the rate of all the studied inflammatory serum markers among their newborns.

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A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure® Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051519 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1519

Author(s):

Kazim Sahin ◽

Cemal Orhan ◽

Osman Kucuk ◽

Nurhan Sahin ◽

Mehmet Tuzcu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Endurance Capacity ◽

Exercise Regimen ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent

The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of Carnipure® Tartrate (CT) supplementation with or without exercise on endurance capacity, recovery, and fatigue by assessing time to exhaustion as well as body weight and composition in rats. In addition, antioxidant capacity has been evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathioneperoxidase; GSHPx) activities. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups including seven rats each. A control group did not receive CT nor exercise. Another control group received 200 mg/kg CT without exercise. The other six groups of rats went through an exercise regimen consisting of a 5-day training period with incremental exercise capacity, which was followed by 6 weeks of the run at 25 m/min for 45 min every day. CT was supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg per day during the 6 weeks. Rats submitted to exercise and supplemented with CT had a significant and dose-dependent increase in time to exhaustion and this effect seems to be independent of exercise (p < 0.05). Additionally, recovery and fatigue were improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent decrease in myoglobin and lactic acid plasma levels, which are two markers of muscle recovery. CT supplementation led to a dose-response decrease in body weight and visceral fat. These effects become significant at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses (p < 0.05). Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent increase in SOD, CAT, and GSHPx. Serum MDA concentrations decreased in exercising rats with CT supplementation. CT supplementation led to a decrease in serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol concentrations with the lowest levels observed at 400 mg/kg dose (p < 0.05). These effects correlated with a significant dose-dependent increase in serum total L-carnitine, free L-carnitine, and acetyl-carnitine, which linked the observed efficacy to CT supplementation. These results demonstrate that CT supplementation during exercise provides benefits on exercise performance, recovery, and fatigue as well as improved the lipid profile and antioxidant capacity. The lowest dose leads to some of these effects seen in rats where 25 mg/kg corresponds to 250 mg/day as a human equivalent.

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Effects of ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate (Mancozeb) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) oocytes

Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology ◽

10.1051/limn/2021017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Nazan Deniz Yön Ertuğ ◽

Elif Uzun ◽

Tarık Dinç ◽

Cansu Akbulut

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Health Risks ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Living Systems ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Environment And Health ◽

Female Zebrafish ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Different Doses

Pesticides used to protect plants and animals against the competition of unwanted insects, diseases, and weeds, and pests play a delicate role in living systems. It has adverse effects on the environment and health. The most adverse effects of pesticide derivatives are the reduction in biodiversity, water pollution, and health risks. Mancozeb is an ethylene bis dithiocarbamate (EBDC) pesticide containing manganese and zinc. These pesticides are included in the fungicide group because they are used for treating fungal diseases. In this study, the structure of oocytes developing in female zebrafish exposed to different doses of mancozeb (5 mg L−1, 7.5 mg L−1) was examined. Compared with the control group, it was determined that the number of developing oocytes reduced in the experimental groups. There was a significant increase in atretic oocytes, an increase in the level of degenerate oocytes in a dose-dependent manner, and deformation in oocytes became prominent.

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