Cardiac Effects of Echinocandins in Endotoxemic Rats

ABSTRACTEchinocandins are known as effective and safe agents for the prophylaxis and treatment of different cohorts of patients with fungal infections. Recent studies revealed that certain pharmacokinetics of echinocandin antifungals might impact clinical efficacy and safety in special patient populations. The aim of our study was to evaluate echinocandin-induced aggravation of cardiac impairment in septic shock. Using anin vivoendotoxemic shock model in rats, we assessed hemodynamic parameters and time to hemodynamic failure (THF) after additional central-venous application of anidulafungin (2.5 mg/kg of body weight [BW]), caspofungin (0.875 mg/kg BW), micafungin (3 mg/kg BW), and control (0.9% sodium chloride). In addition, echinocandin-induced cytotoxicity was evaluated in isolated rat cardiac myocytes. THF of the animals in the caspofungin group (n= 7) was significantly reduced compared to that in the control (n= 6) (136 min versus 180 min;P= 0.0209). The anidulafungin group (n= 7) also showed a trend of reduced THF (136 min versus 180 min; log-rank testP= 0.0578). Animals in the micafungin group (n= 7) did not show significant differences in THF compared to those in the control. Control group animals and also micafungin group animals did not show altered cardiac output (CO) during our experiments. In contrast, administration of anidulafungin or caspofungin induced a decrease in CO. We also revealed a dose-dependent increase of cytotoxicity in anidulafungin- and caspofungin-treated cardiac myocytes. Treatment with micafungin did not cause significantly increased cytotoxicity. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanism.

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In- vivo diuretic and antiulcer activity in fruits of Buchanania lanzan

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.1920 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 673

Author(s):

Chandra Kishore Tyagi ◽

Atul Tripathi ◽

Gyanendra Singh ◽

Amol Chandekar ◽

Sunil Sahu

Keyword(s):

Urine Volume ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Antiulcer Activity ◽

Diuretic Activity ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Pylorus Ligation ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The fruits of Buchanania lanzan are used traditionally in the treatment of skin afflictions, sores, ulcers, inflammation and as diuretic (1,21,35,42). The aim of the study was to investigate the antiulcer and diuretic activity of the crude ethanolic and pet. ether extract from the fruits of Buchanania lanzan.Materials and methods: The antiulcer activity of the crude extracts was evaluated in ethanol and pylorus ligation induced model for gastric lesions in Wister albino rats (2,8,12,19). Parameters such as gastric volume, pH and acidity were determined in the pylorus ligation model. Furthermore the diuretic activity was evaluated in comparison of Standard drug i.e. Furosemide.Results: The acute toxicity studies revealed that LD50> 2000mg/kg for the extract. The extract caused a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer in the ethanol and pylorus ligation induced ulcer models at the dose of 250mg/kg, respectively. And the diuretic activity of extract also found significant (p<0.01) dose dependent increase in urine volume. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group.Conclusion: Our data provide a rational base for the folkloric use of Buchanania lanzan in the treatment of ulcers and as diuretic.

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Agitation Techniques to Enhance Drainage of Retained Hemothorax

Surgical Innovation ◽

10.1177/1553350620978002 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 155335062097800

Author(s):

Ian A. Makey ◽

Nitin A. Das ◽

Samuel Jacob ◽

Magdy M. El-Sayed Ahmed ◽

Colleen M. Makey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trauma Surgery ◽

Control Group ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Vibration Technique ◽

Retained Hemothorax ◽

And Control ◽

Negative Conclusion ◽

Benchtop Model

Background. Retained hemothorax (RH) is a common problem in cardiothoracic and trauma surgery. We aimed to determine the optimum agitation technique to enhance thrombus dissolution and drainage and to apply the technique to a porcine-retained hemothorax. Methods. Three agitation techniques were tested: flush irrigation, ultrasound, and vibration. We used the techniques in a benchtop model with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and pig hemothorax with tPA. We used the most promising technique vibration in a pig hemothorax without tPA. Statistics. We used 2-sample t tests for each comparison and Cohen d tests to calculate effect size (ES). Results. In the benchtop model, mean drainages in the agitation group and control group and the ES were flush irrigation, 42%, 28%, and 2.91 ( P = .10); ultrasound, 35%, 27%, and .76 ( P = .30); and vibration, 28%, 19%, and 1.14 ( P = .04). In the pig hemothorax with tPA, mean drainages and the ES of each agitation technique compared with control (58%) were flush irrigation, 80% and 1.14 ( P = .37); ultrasound, 80% and 2.11 ( P = .17); and vibration, 95% and 3.98 ( P = .06). In the pig hemothorax model without tPA, mean drainages of the vibration technique and control group were 50% and 43% (ES = .29; P = .65). Discussion. In vitro studies suggested flush irrigation had the greatest effect, whereas only vibration was significantly different vs the respective controls. In vivo with tPA, vibration showed promising but not statistically significant results. Results of in vivo experiments without tPA were negative. Conclusion. Agitation techniques, in combination with tPA, may enhance drainage of hemothorax.

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Prototype of Augmented Reality Technology for Orthodontic Bracket Positioning: An In Vivo Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11052315 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 2315

Author(s):

Yu-Cheng Lo ◽

Guan-An Chen ◽

Yin Chun Liu ◽

Yuan-Hou Chen ◽

Jui-Ting Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Navigation System ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthodontic Bracket ◽

Bracket Position ◽

Aided Design ◽

Clinical Error ◽

And Control

To improve the accuracy of bracket placement in vivo, a protocol and device were introduced, which consisted of operative procedures for accurate control, a computer-aided design, and an augmented reality–assisted bracket navigation system. The present study evaluated the accuracy of this protocol. Methods: Thirty-one incisor teeth were tested from four participators. The teeth were bonded by novice and expert orthodontists. Compared with the control group by Boone gauge and the experiment group by augmented reality-assisted bracket navigation system, our study used for brackets measurement. To evaluate the accuracy, deviations of positions for bracket placement were measured. Results: The augmented reality-assisted bracket navigation system and control group were used in the same 31 cases. The priority of bonding brackets between control group or experiment group was decided by tossing coins, and then the teeth were debonded and the other technique was used. The medium vertical (incisogingival) position deviation in the control and AR groups by the novice orthodontist was 0.90 ± 0.06 mm and 0.51 ± 0.24 mm, respectively (p < 0.05), and by the expert orthodontist was 0.40 ± 0.29 mm and 0.29 ± 0.08 mm, respectively (p < 0.05). No significant changes in the horizontal position deviation were noted regardless of the orthodontist experience or use of the augmented reality–assisted bracket navigation system. Conclusion: The augmented reality–assisted bracket navigation system increased the accuracy rate by the expert orthodontist in the incisogingival direction and helped the novice orthodontist guide the bracket position within an acceptable clinical error of approximately 0.5 mm.

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Effect of Synchronous Versus Sequential Regimens on the Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Regorafenib with Irradiation

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13030386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 386

Author(s):

Tung-Hu Tsai ◽

Yu-Jen Chen ◽

Li-Ying Wang ◽

Chen-Hsi Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Hep G2 ◽

Time Curve ◽

Dose Dependent

This study was performed to evaluate the interaction between conventional or high-dose radiotherapy (RT) and the pharmacokinetics (PK) of regorafenib in concurrent or sequential regimens for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Concurrent and sequential in vitro and in vivo studies of irradiation and regorafenib were designed. The interactions of RT and regorafenib in vitro were examined in the human hepatoma Huh-7, HA22T and Hep G2 cell lines. The RT–PK phenomenon and biodistribution of regorafenib under RT were confirmed in a free-moving rat model. Regorafenib inhibited the viability of Huh-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis in Huh-7 cells was enhanced by RT followed by regorafenib treatment. In the concurrent regimen, RT decreased the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC)regorafenib by 74% (p = 0.001) in the RT2 Gy × 3 fraction (f’x) group and by 69% (p = 0.001) in the RT9 Gy × 3 f’x group. The AUCregorafenib was increased by 182.8% (p = 0.011) in the sequential RT2Gy × 1 f’x group and by 213.2% (p = 0.016) in the sequential RT9Gy × 1 f’x group. Both concurrent regimens, RT2Gy × 3 f’x and RT9Gy × 3 f’x, clearly decreased the biodistribution of regorafenib in the heart, liver, lung, spleen and kidneys, compared to the control (regorafenib × 3 d) group. The concurrent regimens, both RT2Gy × 3 f’x and RT9Gy × 3 f’x, significantly decreased the biodistribution of regorafenib, compared with the control group. The PK of regorafenib can be modulated both by off-target irradiation and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

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POTENTIAL DIURETIC EFFECT OF CURCUMA AMADA ROXB. RHIZOME EXTRACTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.50.04.p0034 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (04) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

P Bommannavar ◽

◽

K. Patil

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Control Group ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Diuretic Activity ◽

Curcuma Amada ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Total Urine ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent

The present study was undertaken to establish the diuretic activity of alcoholic and aqueous extract of dried rhizomes of Curcuma amada Roxb in rats. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of rhizomes were administered to experimental male Wistar rats orally at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg and compared with furosemide (10 mg/kg) as the reference standard. The parameters measured for diuretic activity were total urine volume, urine electrolyte concentration such as sodium, potassium and chloride have been evaluated. The rats treated with alcoholic and aqueous extract of Curcuma amada in a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg showed higher urine output when compared to the respective control. Both alcoholic and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group. The result indicates that alcoholic and aqueous extract is an effective natriuretic and kaliuretic diuretic, which supports the traditional claim about the Curcuma amada Roxb being used as diuretics.

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Leukotriene D4 induces MMP-1, which functions as an IGFBP protease in human airway smooth muscle cells

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.1996.271.6.l1014 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 271 (6) ◽

pp. L1014-L1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

R. Rajah ◽

S. E. Nunn ◽

D. J. Herrick ◽

M. M. Grunstein ◽

P. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Airway Smooth Muscle ◽

Airway Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Igf Binding Proteins ◽

Leukotriene D4 ◽

Igf Binding ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factors

We have previously demonstrated that the asthma-associated proinflammatory eicosanoid leukotriene D4 (LTD4) is comitogenic with insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. This synergistic effect of LTD4 and IGF on ASM cell growth involves proteolysis of ASM-produced inhibitory IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP). In this report, we analyzed the conditioned media (CM) from LTD4-treated human ASM cells (ASM-LTD4-CM) by Western ligand blotting and demonstrated a marked LTD4-induced reduction in the levels of the intact IGFBP (predominantly IGFBP-2) secreted by these cells. The IGFBP-2 in the ASM-LTD4-CM was identified as lower-molecular-weight fragments by Western immunoblotting. Incubation with 125I-labeled IGFBP demonstrated that an IGFBP protease was induced in the ASM cells in response to LTD4 treatment. Immunodepletion of ASM-LTD4-CM with anti-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 antibodies demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction of IGFBP proteolysis. Tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 and Batimastat (synthetic) inhibited proteolysis of IGFBP. Immunoblotting the ASM-LTD4-CM with anti-MMP-1 demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in MMP-1 protein. Similar results were also obtained by immunocytochemistry. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that MMP-1 is an IGFBP protease induced by leukotrienes that plays a significant role in modulating IGF action in ASM cells. A similar mechanism may be applicable in vivo in the airways of patients with asthma.

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Ethnic Foods Diet Program Improve Self-Efficacy and Diet Compliance Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v14i2.16642 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Eka Mishbahatul Mar'ah Has ◽

Amira Aulia ◽

Tiyas Kusumaningrum ◽

Ferry Efendi

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Post Test ◽

Diet Compliance ◽

And Control

A well-balanced diet is one of the four pillars of diabetes self-management. Patient's culture strongly influences intake food. Diabetic dietary guidelines which fit with the patient's culture is expected to improve patient's self-efficacy and diet compliance. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of ethnic foods diet program in improving self-efficacy and diet compliance among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. This was quasy experiment research with pre and post-test control design. The population was 112 T2DM patients from Sasak Tribes, West Nusa Tenggara. Samples were 36 respondents, divided into intervention (18) and control (18) groups. The independent variable was the ethnic food diet (EFD) program, while the dependent variables were patient's self-efficacy and diet compliance. Data were collected using self-efficacy questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall form. Data were then analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney U Test. The result showed differences in self-efficacy between pre and post-test in the treatment group (p=0,001), but there were no differences in the control group. There were differences in diet compliance in the treatment group (p=0,001), but there were no differences in the control group. There were differences between treatment and control groups on self-efficacy (p=0,000) and diet compliance (p=0,000). Ethnic foods diet program can improve self-efficacy and diet compliance among T2DM patients because more comfortable and easier to be applied. Nurses can apply ethnic foods diet program as an intervention to promote healthy diet for T2DM patients.

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The effect of 8-week thera-band exercises on male swimmers’ 100 m freestyle swimming performance

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4825 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 3950 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ahmet Gönener ◽

Utku Gönener ◽

Ozan Yılmaz ◽

Tuğçe Horoz ◽

Deniz Demirci

Keyword(s):

Swimming Performance ◽

Training Programme ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Test Results ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Post Test ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

And Control

The aim of this study is to investigate 8 weeks Thera-Band trainings' effects on male swimmers' 100 m freestyle swimming performance.The study group is created by 20 (n = 20) licenced male athletes that had trained at least 3 days in a week and have been active in swimming sport at least 3 years in Gebze Genclerbirligi Swimming Club 20 (n = 20). Athletes were divided into experiment group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10) randomly. Training programme was applied to the study group for 55-60 minutes for 3 days on alternate days and times when the club does not have swimming training. 12 different Thera-Band trainings were applied for 40-45 mins and each set was 15 minutes.Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between groups and Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied for analyzing the differences of intra-groups. SPSS 21.0 Statistics package software was used for statistical analyzes. The results show that there are no significantly differences between experimental group's and control group's post test results. (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences are found as a result of intra-group comparison of the experimental group's pre-test and post-test results (p<0.05).Depending on the results obtained after reviewing the literature, it can be concluded that Thera-Band training is effective on the performance improvement of swimmers aged 13-15 years.

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ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЬ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПОЛ ТА АКТИВНІСТЬ СИСТЕМИ АНТИОКСИДАНТНОГО ЗАХИСТУ У КРОВІ КОРОПІВ ЗА ДІЇ РІЗНОГО РІВНЯ ВІТАМІНУ Е І СЕЛЕНУ В РАЦІОНІ

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet7146 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽

pp. 201-204

Author(s):

S.V. Yurchak ◽

O.V. Derenj ◽

O.I. Vishchur ◽

Yu.M. Zabytivskyi

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Control Group ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Dose Dependent Decrease ◽

Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽

And Control ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Different Levels

The article consist data about effect of different levels of vitamin E and selenium in the diet of carps during their growing and also informationabout the influence on processes of lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant protection in their body.The experiment conducted in three experimental ponds. After wintering there were placed four ears mature females and males carp, six individuals in each group. Supplements of vitamin E administered at a rate of 25 mg/kg and drug «Sel–Plex» the rate of selenium – 0.3 mg/kg were added to further basic diet(BD) of female and male carp first experimental group (EG1). The second experimental group (EG2) received (BD) and vitamin E supplements in an amount of 75 mg / kg, and just as in EG1 – selenium – 0.3 mg/kg of feed.The control group received fish feed without additives vitamins and minerals.Feeding lasted for 30 days, due to the physiological needs of the fish feed. After spawning in fish of research and control group swere taken blood samples for biochemical research.The study led to a dose–dependent decrease (p < 0.01 – 0.001) content of TBA–active products and hydroperoxidase of lipids, but did not significantly effect onsuperoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity of blood So, the reduction of lipid peroxidation products in the carp’s blood of experimental groups probably was caused by the growth of non–enzymatic level, which is associated with fat–soluble vitamins.

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In Vivo Therapeutic Effect of Triclabendazole + Levamisole on Hydatid Cyst in Rats

International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences ◽

10.34172/ijmpes.2020.06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 18-20

Author(s):

Peyman Sadeghi ◽

Yagoob Garedaghi ◽

Mirhadi Khayatnouri ◽

Hosein Hashemzade Farhang ◽

Ramin Kaffash Elahi

Keyword(s):

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Close Contact ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Group 3 ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

And Control

Introduction: Hydatidosis is a global disease and one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases which is found in areas where humans, dogs, and herbivores are in close contact with each other. Methods: In this study, a total of 64 rats were divided into control and case groups, and then 3000 protoscolices were injected into the peritoneal cavity. After 2 months, rats in the case group were given triclabendazole + levamisole at a dose of 6 mg + 4.41 mg/mL orally for 60 days, respectively. Then, after 6 months of infection, the rats of the control and case groups were killed by anesthesia and then an autopsy was performed and the viscera were carefully examined for hydatid cyst infection. Results: The results showed that in the control group, 3 cysts were observed in the liver, 10 in the kidney, and 88 in the lung. The mean number of hydatid cysts in this group was determined to be 33.6. In the case group, 2 cysts were observed in the liver, 6 in the kidney, and 64 in the lungs. The mean number of hydatid cysts in the viscera was 24 in the case group. Conclusions: Statistical analysis of the results obtained from the case and control groups showed that the therapeutic efficacy of triclabendazole + levamisole was 31%, which is not enough to treat cases of hydatid cyst.

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