scholarly journals Sistem Pertanian Terintegrasi – Simantri: Konsep, Pelaksanaan, dan Perannya dalam Pembangunan Pertanian di Provinsi Bali

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Setiajie Anugrah ◽  
Sarwititi Sarwoprasodjo ◽  
Kedi Suradisastra ◽  
Ninuk Purnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Total Budget ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Integrated Agriculture ◽  
Job Opportunity ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Priority Program ◽  
Meet Group

<p><strong>English</strong><br />Integrated agriculture system (Simantri) is one of the priority program in Bali Province in order to enhance agricultural sector’s role to support Bali Mandara. This paper aims to describe potency, opportunity, and support of the local governments to empower farmers through Simantri program. This program is initiated Bali Governor (2008-2013) and based on Prima Tani model. Simantri was initially started in 2009 in 10 sites of the Gapoktans’ demonstration plots in 7 regencies. Durineg the period of 2009-2013 Simantri developed into 400 sites out of 1,000 targeted sites in 2018 in 9 regencies/cities. Total budget spent by Bali Government Province for Simantri 2009-1013 was more than Rp 8 billion from social assistance and CSR funds. Simantri enhances relation among farm activities and utilizes farm wastes inside the groups. Simantri orients its activities based on agriculture without waste or zero waste and produces 4 F (Food, Feed, Fertilizer and Fuel). Livestock-farm integration implemented by Simantri boosts farmers’ group business, job opportunity, and supplies of food, feed, fertilizer, organic pesticide, and bio gas to meet group members’ demand and for commercial purpose supported by local governments. In the future it is expected that Simantri becomes an integrated agriculture-energy program for food self-reliance and farmers’ welfare. It is as also expected that this program sustains regardless the changes in local government leaders and all attached policies.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Sistem pertanian terintegrasi (Simantri) merupakan salah satu program unggulan daerah Pemprov Bali untuk peningkatan peran sektor pertanian mendukung Bali Mandara. Makalah ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tentang potensi, peluang, dan dukungan kebijakan pemerintah daerah terhadap sekor pertanian untuk kesejahteran petani melalui program Simantri. Inisiasi kegiatan didasarkan pada ide, gagasan, dan pemikiran Gubernur Bali (2008-2013) dan model Prima Tani. Implementasi Simantri dimulai tahun 2009 pada 10 lokasi percontohan Gapoktan Simantri di 7 kabupaten. Perkembangan Simantri 2009-2013 telah mencapai 400 lokasi, dari target 1000 lokasi Simantri tahun 2018 di 9 kabupaten/kota. Jumlah anggaran Pemprov Bali untuk kegiatan Simantri (2009-2013) mencapai lebih dari Rp80 miliar dalam bentuk bansos dan CSR. Konsep Simantri selain memberdayakan hubungan fungsi masing-masing kegiatan juga mendorong pada pemanfaatan limbah pertanian dan ternak menjadi komponen pendukung integrasi di tingkat kelompok Simantri. Kegiatan ini berorientasi pada usaha pertanian tanpa limbah (zero waste) dan menghasilkan 4 F (food, feed, fertilizer, dan fuel). Beberapa hasil penelitian terkait dengan Simantri di Provinsi Bali menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pola integrasi tanaman ternak di lokasi Simantri telah memberikan dampak pada tumbuhnya kegiatan usaha kelompok, lapangan pekerjaan, pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan, pakan, pupuk dan pestisida organik serta biogas di tingkat kelompok maupun untuk tujuan komersial melalui dukungan kebijakan pemda setempat. Potensi, peluang, dan dukungan kebijakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan Simantri diharapkan menjadi embrio bagi keberlanjutan program pembangunan sektor pertanian daerah menuju sistem pertanian energi terpadu untuk kemandirian pangan dan kesejahteraan petani. Dengan asumsi bahwa keberlanjutan program ini tidak terdistorsi oleh proses pergantian pimpinan daerah dan kepentingan kebijakan yang menyertainya.</p>

A method of improving student learning in physiology: the small group workshop.

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. S16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J McKinley ◽  
W R Stoll
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Student Motivation ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Teaching Innovation ◽  
Related Subject ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Improving Student Learning ◽  
Subject Material

This teaching innovation replaces standard physiology laboratories with small group workshop tasks dealing with selected physiology problems and data. Working with a series of question sheets, the students focus on establishing a knowledge base and solving problems relating to physiology. Initial experiences show an improvement in student motivation and attitude and improved feedback to students. The major benefits of this approach include 1) enhancement of written and oral communication skills, 2) listening and interacting with group members, 3) correct use of reference materials to find answers, and 4) self-reliance and improved interest in related subject material.

scholarly journals Voluntary restrictions on self-reliance increase cooperation and mitigate wealth inequality

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (46) ◽  
pp. 29202-29211
Author(s):  
Jörg Gross ◽  
Robert Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Retirement Planning ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
Social Interdependence ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Group Members

Humans are considered a highly cooperative species. Through cooperation, we can tackle shared problems like climate change or pandemics and cater for shared needs like shelter, mobility, or healthcare. However, cooperation invites free-riding and can easily break down. Maybe because of this reason, societies also enable individuals to solve shared problems individually, like in the case of private healthcare plans or private retirement planning. Such “self-reliance” allows individuals to avoid problems related to public goods provision, like free-riding or underprovision, and decreases social interdependence. However, not everyone can equally afford to be self-reliant, and amid shared problems, self-reliance may lead to conflicts within groups on how to solve shared problems. In two preregistered studies, we investigate how the ability of self-reliance influences collective action and cooperation. We show that self-reliance crowds out cooperation and exacerbates inequality, especially when some heavily depend on collective action while others do not. However, we also show that groups are willing to curtail their ability of self-reliance. When given the opportunity, groups overwhelmingly vote in favor of abolishing individual solutions to shared problems, which, in turn, increases cooperation and decreases inequality, particularly between group members that differ in their ability to be self-reliant. The support for such endogenously imposed interdependence, however, reduces when individual solutions become more affordable, resonating with findings of increased individualism in wealthier societies and suggesting a link between wealth inequality and favoring individual independence and freedom over communalism and interdependence.

scholarly journals Self-reliance crowds out group cooperation and increases wealth inequality

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Gross ◽  
Sonja Veistola ◽  
Carsten K. W. De Dreu ◽  
Eric Van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Free Rider ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
Free Rider Problem ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Shared Problem

Abstract Humans establish public goods to provide for shared needs like safety or healthcare. Yet, public goods rely on cooperation which can break down because of free-riding incentives. Previous research extensively investigated how groups solve this free-rider problem but ignored another challenge to public goods provision. Namely, some individuals do not need public goods to solve the problems they share with others. We investigate how such self-reliance influences cooperation by confronting groups in a laboratory experiment with a safety problem that could be solved either cooperatively or individually. We show that self-reliance leads to a decline in cooperation. Moreover, asymmetries in self-reliance undermine social welfare and increase wealth inequality between group members. Less dependent group members often choose to solve the shared problem individually, while more dependent members frequently fail to solve the problem, leaving them increasingly poor. While self-reliance circumvents the free-rider problem, it complicates the governing of the commons.

scholarly journals Official Tenure, Fiscal Capacity, and PPP Withdrawal of Local Governments: Evidence from China’s PPP Project Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 14012
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Wenjuan Song ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Robert L. K. Tiong
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Fiscal Capacity ◽  
Revenue Growth ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Collective Benefit ◽  
Exogenous Treatment

PPP withdrawal policy is helpful to reduce over-investment in PPPs leading to sustainable development. However, little is known about the role of local governments on over-investment in PPPs. Using the PPP Project Platform Data, a unique dataset, this article is able to quantify over-investment in PPPs by coding PPP withdrawal for the first time. This research tests the influencing factors of PPP withdrawal at the municipal level, according to the centralized withdrawal policy in late 2017 as an exogenous treatment. Based on the theory of over-investment to rapid economic growth, this study develops a two-pillar framework under the combination of political man and economic man assumptions to explain the PPP withdrawal of local governments. The results show that both official tenure and fiscal capacity are significant factors. In addition, debt partially mediates the mayor tenure on PPP withdrawal, and the land revenue growth can hinder the negative relationship between mayor tenure and PPP withdrawal. It implies that over-investment in PPPs is strongly influenced by official leaders’ personal promotion incentive and official group members’ collective benefit. Thus, our findings indicate that the centralized withdrawal policy is an effective instrument to prevent over-investment in PPPs. Moreover, a match should be formed between local development planning and investment plans to promote sustainable of PPP investment.

scholarly journals A Comparative Budget Requirements for TB program based on Minimum standard of Services (SPM) and Budget Realization: an Exit Strategy Before Termination of GF ATM

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ery Setiawan ◽  
Purwa K Sucahya ◽  
Hasbullah Thabrany ◽  
Kalsum Komaryani
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Global Fund ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Total Budget ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Detection Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

AbstractIt has become a common issue that the Global Fund (GF) as one of the largest international donors to AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Program will immediately stop the funding. Data shows that in 2009 GF ATM support reached 88,8% while APBN funding just cover 11,2% of the total budget needed. Howev­er, APBN budget for ATM programs was significantly increased in 2012 which covered almost 30% of the total budget. Eventhough the increasing trend of ATM budget seemed at the central government level, how­ever the local governments will hold the key to the sustainability of the post- termination GF ATM FundingObjectivesThis study aimed to get a picture of the local government’s commitment as an implementing insti­tution to respond the financing needs specifically for TB programs.MethodsThis economic evaluation compared the amount of the existing budget of local governments and the amount needed based on the Minimum Standards of Services (MSS) of TB Programs. We sampled two district in west java that were Cirebon and Garut. The cost component calculated in these evaluation were: medicines, medical supplies, case findings, and administrative cost.Results and DiscussionTotal budget needed in Garut according to MSS amounted 2,5 Billion Rupiahs, whereas the total budget which has been alocated approximately 2 Billion Rupiahs. For those budget allocated in Garut, 90% of the total was supported by the Government then the rest of that was supported by GF. A similar trend showed in Cirebon, which was found a budget shortage amounted 700 Million Rupiahs from approximate­ly 1,6 Billion Rupiahs budget needed and 80% of those was sourced by The Government. The particular finding showed that prevention and case detection program in Garut still dominated by GF support which slightly above 65%. Otherwise, budget allocated for those Activity in Cirebon has been dominated by the government approximately 80%.ConclusionIn general, both Garut and Cirebon faced two common challenges in terms of financing the TB program. First, the high shortage between needs and budget alocated of the program becomes an important concern for addressing TB cases reduction in related district. The second is program’s sustainibility after termination of Global Fund, particularly for prevention and case detection programs. Therefore, it might be need a support from NGO or other related institution to advocate the local government and DPRD to allocate more budget for reducing TB cases.  

scholarly journals STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK TANI DI DESA LASIAI KECAMATAN SINJAI TIMUR KABUPATEN SINJAI

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jursang Jusrang ◽  
Andi Luhur Prianto
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Verification And Validation ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Village

  The purpose of research is to find out how the local governments in the strategy to empower the farmer in the village of Lasiai, District East Sinjai, Regency of Sinjai. This type of research is qualitative and descriptive type of research is phenomenological, with 15 informant people. Sources of data in this research is data of primary and secondary data, data collection techniques in this study is observation, interviews, documentation and FGD conducted directly by researchers. Technical analysis the data in this study is the reduction of data, serving data and verification and validation method the data in this study is a triangulation of sources, methods and triangulation time. The results showed that the local government strategy empowerment of farmers group with indicators such as using SWOT analysis is Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat indicators using SWOT analysis to determine the internal and external factors in the local government to empower farmer groups so that the self-reliance of farmer groups in the village Lasiai.  Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi pemerintah daerah dalam pemberdayaan kelompok tani di Desa Lasiai, Kecamatan Sinjai Timur, Kabupaten Sinjai. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan tipe penelitian ini adalah fenomenologis dengan informan 15 orang. sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder, teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan FGD yang dilakukan secara langsung oleh peneliti teknik analisi data dalam penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, sajian data dan verifikasi dan teknik pengabsahan data dalam penelitian ini adalah triangulasi sumber, triangulasi metode dan triangulasi waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pemerintah daerah dalam pemberdayaan kelompok tani dengan indikator yaitu menggunakan analisis SWOT yaitu Strenght, Weakness, Opportunity Dan Threat dengan indikator menggunakan analisis SWOT untuk mengetahui faktor internal maupun faktor eksternal pemerintah daerah dalam melakukan pemberdayaan kelompok tani sehingga terwujudnya kemandirian kelompok tani di Desa Lasiai.

scholarly journals KEMANDIRIAN PETANI DALAM MENGADOPSI VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU (VUB) CABAI MERAH DI DESA SITU UDIK KECAMATAN CIBUNGBULANG KABUPATEN BOGOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-770
Author(s):  
Neng Minanti ◽  
Wida Pradiana ◽  
Wasrob Nasruddin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
The Self ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Kendall’S W

Agricultural development currently needs self reliance of farmers in adopting technologies including VUB technology. The problem that occurs in the adoption VUB of red chili at the farm level is that farmers are easily tempted by promotion agents - selling seeds of superior seeds and do not understand the origin and quality of seeds adopted. This study aims to describe the level of self reliance of farmers, analyze the factors related with the self reliance of farmers, as well as formulate appropriate strategies to support increased farmer self reliance in supporting adopting VUB  of red chili. This study was conducted in Situ Udik Village, Cibungbulang District, Bogor Regency, West Java from April to July 2020. A sample of 45 farmer group members was determined using purposive sampling based on the consideration and activeness of farmer group members in the red vine mining activities. Data were processed using descriptive statistical techniques and Spearman Ranking ranking and Kendall’s W analysis. The results of the study showed that the self reliance of farmers in adopting the red chili VUB was relatively high. Factors that had a significant relationship with the self reliance of farmers in adopting the red chili VUB were formal education, non-formal education, and all capacity factors of farmer. Then, solving strategic problems is carried out by conducting extension activities and making demonstration plots as a means of supporting extension activities.

Domestic Income Shifting by Chinese Listed Firms

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Shevlin ◽  
Tanya Y. H. Tang ◽  
Ryan J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Income Shifting ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Government Ownership ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Tax Refunds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Tax Holidays

ABSTRACT To encourage economic development in specific regions and industries, the Chinese Central and local governments offer a series of corporate income tax incentives (tax exemptions, reduced tax rates, tax holidays, and tax refunds). In China, parent and subsidiary companies are consolidated for financial reporting, but not for tax purposes. We take advantage of a unique disclosure in the tax footnotes of Chinese listed firms to examine income shifting among consolidated group members in response to these incentives. We find that intangible-intensive groups (“firms”), and firms concerned with meeting minimum earnings thresholds to issue equity, shift greater amounts of income. We find no evidence that high concentrations of either Central or local government ownership affect the level of income shifting.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Program dan Kelompok serta Kendala Pelaksanaan Program Simantri di Kabupaten Badung

2018 ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
I PUTU PURNA JAYA ◽  
I DEWA PUTU OKA SUARDI ◽  
I KETUT BUDI SUSRUSA
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Achievement Score ◽  
Integrated Agriculture ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Local Potentials ◽  
Urine Processing

Characteristics of Program and Group and Implementation Obstacle Simantri Program in Badung regency Integrated Farming System or Simantri is a breakthrough effort to accelerate the adoption of agricultural technology, Simantri Program development goal is to support integrated diversification of farming to local potentials, to increase income to alleviate poverty, to integrate crop and livestock farming, and to pioneer the development of integrated agriculture in a sustainable manner. The purpose of this research is to investigate the Characteristic of Program and Characteristic of Group, and Constraints of Simantri Program Implementation in the Badung Regency.. The results showed that the Characteristics of Simantri Program is quite good with average achievement score of 3.8, Characteristics of Simantri group is good with average achievement score of 4.1, constraints faced in the characteristics of the program i.e. optimal cattle maintenance management, cattle maintenance, inadequate cage quality and many are not functioningproperly, cow urine channel and bio-urine processing tools are easily damaged, bio-gas was also easily damaged, and the location of Simantri makes the gas bio channel unable to reach the houses of the Simantri's group, group members rarely processed manure because of their other activities, members were reluctant to maintain and care for planted demonstration plots.

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