Increasing the Growth and Quality of Red Chili with Growth Hormone from  Endophytic Bacteria

<p>Red chili is a very important horticultural commodity in Indonesia having low productivity and quality. Cultivation method needs to be improved including the use of exogenous growth hormones. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the optimum concentration of IAA and GA growing hormones from isolate B6.2 in stimulating plant growth and improving the quality of large red chili fruit; (2) molecular identity of the B6.2 bacterial isolate. The growth hormone content of B6.2 isolates using HPLC obtained 0.49 ppm IAA and 64.53 ppm GA. The growth hormone potential test on the growth and quality of chili was carried out with a concentration of 1, 3, 5 ml/l, while water and synthetic hormones was used as negative and positive control, respectively. The experimental design used was a Complete Random Design with the foliar spray application to the plant canopy three times during the growth period. The results showed the best concentration in increasing plant height, fruit weight, shooth wet, and dry weight compared to controls at the age of 76 days after planting (dap) was a concentration of 5 ml/l, with the values of 71.7±0.9 cm , 94.7±0.3 g, 11.5±0.43 g, and 1.4±0.09 g, respectively. The molecular identification showed that B6.2 isolate was classified as Bacillus vallismortis with 100% homology. The growth hormone from isolate B6.2 has the potential to increase growth and production of red chili plants.</p>

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Response of Strawberry (fragaria Ananassa)to The Application of Microbial Inoculants And Organic Fertilizers

The Journal of The University of Duhok ◽

10.26682/ajuod.2020.23.2.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 71-77

Author(s):

Hussein Mamo Suliman ◽

Samira Hassan Yousif ◽

Kurdistan Hassan Yousif

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Strawberry Plant ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

Engineering Sciences ◽

Growth Properties

The present study was carried out during growing season of 2018-2019, in the wooden canopy of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, to investigate the influence of foliar spray of four concentrations of Urea (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g.L -1 ) and inoculation the soil with Azotobacter at two concentrations (0 and 10 m.L -1 ) and their interaction on the vegetative growth properties and quality of strawberry plant cv. Rubygem. The results indicated that Urea and Azotobacter significantly increased vegetative growth (chlorophyll, fresh weight, leaf area, leaf number and dry weight) as well as fruit quality (fruit weight, fruit length and number of fruits) (15.4g, 5.58cm and 10.67) respectively as compared with untreated plants. The interaction between the studies factors varied in their effect on the traits. The best interaction was the interaction of Urea at concentration (1g.L -1 ) and Azotobacter at (10 m.L -1 ) which gave the highest values (45.17 SPAD, 15.84 g and 5.38g) respectively as compared with other plants.

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Effect of foliar iron sulfate on the fruit growth and quality of pineapple (Ananas comosus cv. Yellow Mauritius) planted in lateritic soil in Leizhou Peninsula

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202126102035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 261 ◽

pp. 02035

Author(s):

ShengHui Liu ◽

ZhuYing Zhu ◽

YuMei Zhang ◽

QingSong Wu ◽

XiuMei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Iron Sulfate ◽

Lateritic Soil ◽

Leizhou Peninsula ◽

Acid Methyl

Leizhou Peninsula in South China is facing a serious water shortage problem because of the special regional and geological conditions. As a kind of low water requirement crop, pineapple has been popular in lateritic soil. However, the physical characteristics of Lateritic soil such as too cohesive, impervious, low content of organic matter, and seasonal arid often bring some problem to pineapple cultivation. Seasonal iron deficiency can be easily observed from April to July. The effect of foliar spray of iron sulfate (with concentration of 0, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%) on the fruit growth and quality of pineapple cv. Yellow Mauritius were studied in this research. Results showed that there were no significant difference (p>0.05) on the fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter among all the treatment. 0.75% treatment increased the fruit weight to 6.08% and decreased crown weight significantly. Both 0.75% and 1% iron sulfate treatment not only enhanced vitamin C extremely significantly, but also improved the aroma quality significantly with the increase of total esters, especially in the content of hexanoic acid methyl ester, 3-(methyl tio) propanoic acid methyl ester and 2-methylbutanoic acid methyl ester. The content of these 3 esters above were all extremely significantly higher than control, which means much stronger pleasant aroma. Hence, 0.75% was the optimal concentration of foliar spray with iron sulfate in pineapple cv. Yellow Mauritius.

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Easily Extractable Glomalin-Related Soil Protein as Foliar Spray Improves Nutritional Qualities of Late Ripening Sweet Oranges

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7080228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 228

Author(s):

Lu-Lu Meng ◽

Sheng-Min Liang ◽

Anoop Kumar Srivastava ◽

Yan Li ◽

Chun-Yan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Hyphal Length ◽

Soil Protein

The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sweet oranges is well known, but the function of their secondary metabolite, especially the easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP), an active fraction of glomalin, is still unclear. The proposed study aimed to analyze the field response of foliar application of exogenous EE-GRSP on tree mycorrhizal development and fruit quality of two sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) varieties viz., Lane Late Navel (LLN) and Rohde Red Valencia (RRV). Application of EE-GRSP significantly increased the root mycorrhizal colonization and soil mycorrhizal hyphal length in both the sweet orange varieties. The external quality of fruits (fruit weight, polar diameter, and equatorial diameter) also improved in response to foliar application of EE-GRSP in both sweet orange varieties. However, EE-GRSP treatment showed no change in fruit soluble solid content, while it increased the Vc content, solids-acid ratio, fructose, glucose, and sucrose content of sarcocarp in the two sweet oranges varieties. The LLN variety treated with EE-GRSP recorded significantly higher N, P, K, Fe, and Si content of sarcocarp as a mark of nutritional quality, while the RRV variety treated with EE-GRSP displayed a higher concentration of nutrients like Cu, Fe, Si, and Zn in the sarcocarp as compared with the corresponding non-treated control. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the improvement in fruit quality of late-ripening sweet oranges (especially LLN) in response to foliar application of EE-GRSP as another potential biostimulant.

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Interaction of Supplementary Light and CO2 Enrichment Improves Growth, Photosynthesis, Yield, and Quality of Tomato in Autumn through Spring Greenhouse Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13709-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 246-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tonghua Pan ◽

Juanjuan Ding ◽

Gege Qin ◽

Yunlong Wang ◽

Linjie Xi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Photosynthetic Pigment ◽

Co2 Enrichment ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Greenhouse Production ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Yield And Quality

During the autumn/spring “off” season, yield and quality of tomatoes are often affected by insufficient CO2 and low light in greenhouse production. Although tomato is one of the most widely cultivated vegetables, few studies have investigated the interactive effects of supplementary light and CO2 enrichment on its growth, photosynthesis, yield, and fruit quality in greenhouse production. This study investigates the effects of supplementary light (200 ± 20 μmol·m–2·s–1) and CO2 enrichment (increases to about 800 μmol·mol–1), independently and in combination, on these parameters in autumn through spring tomato production. Compared with tomatoes grown under ambient CO2 concentrations and no supplementary light (CaLn), supplementary light (CaLs) and supplementary light and CO2 enrichment (CeLs) significantly promoted growth and dry weight accumulation. Meanwhile, CO2 enrichment (CeLn) and CaLs significantly improved photosynthetic pigment contents and net photosynthetic (Pn) rates, whereas CeLs further improved these and also increased water use efficiency (WUE). CeLn, CaLs, and CeLs significantly increased single fruit weight by 16.2%, 28.9%, and 36.6%, and yield per plant by 19.0%, 35.6%, and 60.8%, respectively. The effect of supplementary light on these parameters was superior to that of CO2 enrichment. In addition, CaLs and CeLs improved nutritional quality significantly. Taken together, CeLs promoted the greatest yield, WUE, and fruit quality, suggesting it may be a worthwhile practice for off-season tomato cultivation.

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Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) under protected conditions

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i3.1420 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1676-1681

Author(s):

Yash Thakur ◽

J. S. Chandel ◽

Pramod Verma

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

And Control ◽

Control Water

A field trial was conducted during 2015 and 2016, to study the effect ofgrowth regulators on growth, flowering, yield and fruit quality of strawberry cv. Chandler. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with 16 treatments viz.CPPU at 1, 2 and 4 ppm, GA3 at 25, 50 and 75 ppm, Promalin at 2, 4 and 6 ppm, GA4+7 at 5, 10 and15 ppm, NAA at 10, 20 and 30 ppm and control (water spray) and each treatment was replicated thrice. The results revealed that the plants sprayed with 15 ppm GA4+7 two weeks before flowering significantly reported highest plant height (33.43 cm), leaf area (239.70 cm2), number of flowers (31.94), fruit set (87.45 %), number of fruits per plant (29.02), yield (540.01 g/plant), fruit length (53.63 mm) and fruit diameter (37.19 mm) and fruit weight (23.70 g) as compared to control. This treatment resulted in 196.36 % increase in yield and 56.22 %in fruit weight over control. Plants sprayed with 6 ppm promalin also showed significant improvement in vegetative growth, fruit size, yield and fruit quality, which resulted in 137.92 % increase in yield and 51.81 % increase in fruit weight over control. Hence, it is concluded that foliar spray of 15 ppm GA4+7 applied 2 weeks before flowering is beneficial in improving growth, yield and fruit quality of strawberry plants.

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Yield and quality of hybrid tomato grafted and cultivated under shade mesh and greenhouse

Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios ◽

10.19136/era.a5n13.1050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (13) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Antonio Reyes Cabrera ◽

Valentin Vobledo Torres ◽

Luis Alonso Valdez-Aguilar ◽

Marcelino Cabrera-de la Fuente ◽

Francisca Ramírez-Godina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Root Development ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Number Of Clusters ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Fruit Diameter

The objective was to determine the yield, fruit quality and root development of four grafted tomato hybrids grown under anti-aphid mesh cover and greenhouse. The grafted hybrids were grown under shade mesh and greenhouse from april to november 2014. Variables evaluated were: fruit weight per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of fruits per plant, polar and equatorial fruit diameter, vitamin C and lycopene contents, and root fresh and dry weight. Hybrids grafted and cultivated under anti-aphid mesh had higher quality than the production obtained under greenhouse. However, lycopene and vitamin C contents and accumulated root system dry matter are greater under greenhouse.

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Effect of growth regulators on productivity and quality of tomato crop under Volga delta conditions

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-36-40 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 36-40

Author(s):

M. M. Abdelkader ◽

M. Yu. Puchkov

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cultivated Species

Relevance. Tomato considered a significant vegetable crop that plays a prominent role in the field of human health. At present, there are large numbers of tomato cultivars with a wide range of morphological and sensorial characteristics which determine their use. Farmers often use some chemical substances which have similar structure and activity with endogenous plant hormone called (exogenous) as a low-cost alternative to regulate plant growth and increase yield. Thus, the use of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) has become an important component of the agro-technical procedures for most cultivated species.Methods. This study aims to evaluate the effect of four growth regulators (Krezacin, Chitosan, Zircon and Energene) on growth, productivity and quality of two Russian tomato varieties (Moriana and Superjol) under delta Volga conditions. Each type applied three times on both cultivars (Soaking tomato seeds before sowing, spraying on plants at vegetative phase, spraying on plants at flowering phase with three replications.Results. The results showed that; combination between Energene and cultivar Moriana enhanced the most of studied characters (Germination – 83.1%, fresh weight of Arial parts – 241.9 g, dry weight – 74.4 g, Number of № flowers/plant – 51.0, № fruits /plant – 35.6, fruit set – 69.8%, plant yield – 2.44 kg, TSS – 5.1°Brix, Content of Ascorbic Acid – 25.6 mg/100 g); Interaction between “Energene x Superjol” gave the maximum value for Plant height (85.6 cm), Fruit weight (72.6 g); while “Krezacin x Moriana” registered the highest fruit dry matter (6.77%) and Acidity (0.53%); Applying Zircon on Cultivar Moriana increased number of leaves/plant (56.8) and nitrate contents (27.6 mg/kg); the maximum LAI (150.1 cm2 ) obtained from interaction between Chitosan and cultivar Superjol whereas, “Chitosan x Moriana” treatment gave the highest level of Carotenoids (4.12%).

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Effects of organic fertilization on production and postharvest quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6912 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e266996912

Author(s):

Sara Beatriz da Costa Santos ◽

Solange de Sousa ◽

Vênia Camelo de Souza ◽

George Rodrigo Beltrão da Cruz ◽

Thiago de Sousa Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerial Part ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Organic System

This work compares the productivity and postharvest quality of C. sativum produced in organic and conventional systems. We used a randomized block experiment with five treatments and six repetitions each. Treatments comprised a negative control (C-: without fertilization), three doses of bovine manure as organic fertilization (35, 70, and 105 kg of N ha -1, named T35, T70, and T105 respectively), and a positive control (C+: 70 Kg of N ha -1 of conventional fertilization). We evaluated the morphometry, productivity, and physical-chemical characteristics of all plants used. The effect of organic fertilizer doses was analyzed using polynomial regressions. The differences among negative control, the positive control, and the organic fertilization with 70 Kg of N ha -1 of manure were tested with orthogonal contrasts. The doses of N used in organic fertilization influence the water and protein activity of C. Sativum leaves, promoting their decrease. The contrasts influenced the productivity, total fresh weight, fresh weight of the aerial part, dry weight of the aerial part, dry weight of the root, the total dry weight, water activity, titratable acidity, soluble solids, carotenoids, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll b, C. sativum was influenced by comparisons. The conventional production system using ammonium sulfate as the source of nitrogen promoted higher productivity and better postharvest quality in the culture of C. sativum. The period of implementation of bovine manure hampered the organic system. We suggest the fertilization with bovine manure before sowing, providing the necessary time for its mineralization during the cultivation cycle.

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CONTROLLING OF FRUIT SPLITTING IN POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) BY FOLIAR APPLICATION OF GROWTH REGULATOR AND NUTRIENTS

Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.47432/2021.37.2.5. ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 105-109

Author(s):

Amina Alvi ◽

M. Z. Rashid ◽

M. A. Rashid ◽

S. Ahmad ◽

M. Ullah

Keyword(s):

Boric Acid ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid

Various growth regulators have been used to improve the quality of different fruit crops. Foliar spray of macro and micronutrients play an important role in vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality. In the present study, the influence of foliar application of growth regulators and nutrients on fruit splitting and fruit quality was evaluated. For that purpose, Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Potassium nitrate (KNO3) and Boric acid (H3BO3) at the rate of 40 ppm, 1% and 0.3% were used respectively. Spray of chemicals were applied in 2nd and 8th week from full bloom to yield in pomegranate cultivar ‘Golden pearl’. The experiment was designed under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprised with seven treatments and replicated thrice. Fruit splitting was reduced (48.68%) significantly with application of KNO3 + Boric acid, while maximum fruit size (60.26 cm2), fruit weight (84gm), fruit grain weight (136.38gm), total soluble solid (TSS) 12.52% and yield (21.9kg/plant) were observed in KNO3 + Boric acid. Moreover, peel weight was increased in control (60.66 gm) and minimum was observed in 48.62 gm in KNO3 + Boric acid. Finally, it is concluded KNO3 %+ Boric acid reveled best results against fruit splitting % and other fruit quality parameters. These findings show that application of KNO3+ Boric acid significantly influences fruit quality of pomegranate when fruit are in the beginning stages of growth and development.

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Growth, Physiological Response, and Quality Characteristics of Weeping Fig in Response to Shading Levels and Climatic Conditions

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.47.11.1586 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (11) ◽

pp. 1586-1592 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Domenica Scuderi ◽

Francesco Giuffrida ◽

Stefania Toscano ◽

Daniela Romano

Keyword(s):

Global Radiation ◽

Light Availability ◽

Growth Period ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Apparent Quantum Yield ◽

Light Reduction ◽

Unit Leaf ◽

Reduced Light

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of light availability and the climatic conditions on the growth and quality of weeping fig (Ficus benjamina L.). Plants of cv. Danielle were grown under five shading conditions (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% reduction of the incident irradiance inside the greenhouse) and two cultivation periods (from May to October and from December to May). The light intensity in no shading treatment ranged from 6.3 to 16.4 MJ·m−2·d−1 in May to October and from 4.6 to 14.5 MJ·m−2·d−1 in December to May. Depending on climatic conditions, the light reduction resulting from shading produced strong differences in the growth of weeping fig. With increasing shading, the dry weight decreased from 282.4 to 113.3 g/plant during the first growth period, which was the period characterized by the highest values of global radiation and temperature, and from 120.8 to 56.8 g/plant during the second period. The effects of reduced light were evident in the plant quality, which is associated with the canopy and leaf characteristics. In particular, as a result of the increase of the apparent quantum yield and reduction of light compensation point, the most shaded plants showed a photosynthetic advantage over the control (0%) at a low irradiance level. Increased shading caused a reduction of plant compactness because of the increase of the internode length and branch insertion angle. Although shading also resulted in a reduction in the leaf number, the plant ornamental value was unaffected because of the highest unit leaf area (+72%) in both of the growth periods. Based on our results, the greatest decrease in irradiance (60% and 80% of shading) reduced the plant growth and compactness more in the growth period characterized by the highest values of global radiation and temperature, whereas the quality of the plants was improved by shading in both of the growth periods.

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