scholarly journals Estimating the Financial Return to Education Between Fields of Study

SURG Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Alexander McRae
Keyword(s):  
Specific Area ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Return To Education ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Engineering Majors ◽  
Business Majors ◽  
Expected Return ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Canadian Population

The Mincer regression equation was utilized to compute the expected financial return to education from additional years of education across the 2016 Canadian population. Data was taken from the 2016 Canadian Census of Population to create the populations of interest. Three sub populations were then derived from the collected data to represent Canadians with different major areas of study namely, business, humanities, and engineering. Mincerian regressions were run using these subsections to determine how the financial return to education differs between distinct majors. Additional multiple regressions included an interaction term between sex and years of schooling in an attempt to determine whether an individual’s sex affects their expected return to education given a specific area of study. The regression results indicated that business majors boast the largest average expected return to education while engineering majors boast the lowest. Subsequently, in relation to business majors, sex was not found to have an impact on expected financial returns. Future research may build off the findings of this paper by expanding the scope to include all areas of study in addition to deciphering whether the expected return to education for a given major is consistent throughout all major Canadian universities.

Patterns of Unhealthy Eating Behaviours in a Middle Aged Scottish Population

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Abel ◽  
D.V. McQueen ◽  
K Backen ◽  
C. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Scottish Population ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nutrition Habits

This paper examines unhealthy eating in a middle aged Scottish population. Data from a 1989 survey of 5 00 Scottish men and women aged 45 to 59 years are used to explore inter-relations among five items of unhealthy eating, smoking and alcohol consumption. The results show that unhealthy eating behaviours are highly correlated, indicating strong links among certain nutrition habits. The findings also reveal that such patterns of unhealthy eating vary considerably between males and females. Finally, unhealthy eating behaviours were also found to be significantly associated with smoking and alcohol consumption. Implications of these findings for future research in epidemiology and health promotion are considered.

scholarly journals Multi-Period Portfolio Optimization with Investor Views under Regime Switching

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Razvan Oprisor ◽  
Roy Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Regime Switching ◽  
Portfolio Allocation ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expected Return ◽  
Asset Return ◽  
Market Portfolio ◽  
New Information ◽  
Trading Model ◽  
Portfolio Managers

We propose a novel multi-period trading model that allows portfolio managers to perform optimal portfolio allocation while incorporating their interpretable investment views. This model’s significant advantage is its intuitive and reactive design that incorporates the latest asset return regimes to quantitatively solve managers’ question: how certain should one be that a given investment view is occurring? First, we describe a framework for multi-period portfolio allocation formulated as a convex optimization problem that trades off expected return, risk and transaction costs. Using a framework borrowed from model predictive control introduced by Boyd et al., we employ optimization to plan a sequence of trades using forecasts of future quantities, only the first set being executed. Multi-period trading lends itself to dynamic readjustment of the portfolio when gaining new information. Second, we use the Black-Litterman model to combine investment views specified in a simple linear combination based format with the market portfolio. A data-driven method to adjust the confidence in the manager’s views by comparing them to dynamically updated regime-switching forecasts is proposed. Our contribution is to incorporate both multi-period trading and interpretable investment views into one framework and offer a novel method of using regime-switching to determine each view’s confidence. This method replaces portfolio managers’ need to provide estimated confidence levels for their views, substituting them with a dynamic quantitative approach. The framework is reactive, tractable and tested on 15 years of daily historical data. In a numerical example, this method’s benefits are found to deliver higher excess returns for the same degree of risk in both the case when an investment view proves to be correct, but, more notably, also the case when a view proves to be incorrect. To facilitate ease of use and future research, we also developed an open-source software library that replicates our results.

Giving negative feedback to Millennials

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emylee Anderson ◽  
Aaron A. Buchko ◽  
Kathleen J. Buchko
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
New Generation

Purpose Demographic data indicate that the Millennial generation (those born between 1982 and the early 2000s) are entering the workforce and will become an increasingly significant component of the workforce in the near future. The Millennial generation appears to have significant differences in values, attitudes and expectations regarding work than prior generations. Design/methodology/approach The authors reviewed the literature on the “Millennial” generation (those born between 1982 and the early 2000s) and the research on giving negative feedback to identify issues that are significant with respect to the manner in which managers give negative information to this new generation of workers. Findings To be effective, negative feedback to Millennials needs to be consistent and ongoing. The feedback must be perceived by Millennials as benefitting them now or in the future. Managers must be assertive enough to make sure the employee understands the concerns, but sensitive to the fact that many Millennials have difficulty accepting such feedback. Research limitations/implications These findings offer suggestions for future research that needs to explicitly examine the differences in the new generation of workers and how these persons respond to current managerial practices. Practical implications Millennials are now entering the workforce in significant numbers. Managers will find increasing opportunities to address the organizational and individual needs of these workers. Managers must learn how to effectively direct and motivate this generation of workers, including how to provide constructive negative feedback. Social implications Demographic data indicate that the so-called “Baby Boom” generation will be leaving the workforce in large numbers over the next few years, and will be replaced by the Millennial generation. Originality/value To date, there has been little attempt by management researchers to address the organizational implications of the generational shift that is occurring. We seek to draw attention to one specific area of management practice – delivering negative feedback – and explore how the knowledge may be changing as a new generation of workers enter the workplace.

Role of computer simulation in the application of knowledge to animal industries

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Black ◽  
GT Davies ◽  
JF Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mechanistic Models ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Widespread Application

The net financial return of an enterprise depends on the interaction among a great many factors. Some of these factors relate to the animal, some to its diet, some to its environment, some to the prevalence of disease and some to circumstances outside the production enterprise such as the premiums paid for products of different quality, the relative price structure of feeds and products, and the availability and cost of capital, labour, breeding stock and other resources. Although there has been a great deal of research into many of these factors, the complexity of the interactions between them makes it virtually impossible for the human mind to assess accurately the consequences of alternative management strategies on either the efficiency of production or the long-term profitability of a livestock enterprise. By transforming the concepts and knowledge into mathematical equations and integrating them in computer programs using simulation modelling techniques, this vast store of information can be applied directly to improving the management of commercial animal enterprises. Models are also valuable for defining research priorities. These simulation models should, as far as possible, be based on descriptions of the mechanisms perceived to determine animal function, not on empirical relationships of correlation and association. This need for mechanistic models has major implications for the direction and nature of future research into animal function. Mechanistic models of animal performance alone are unlikely to result in the widespread application of knowledge to the animal industries. Models must be integrated with other modules that cover the major areas of an enterprise determining its profitability, as well as with programming features that make the whole Decision Support Software System easy to use and interpret by industry personnel. The animal model is likely to represent less than 20% of a commercially useful package. A major factor limiting the application of animal growth models is lack of an adequate description of the conditions within commercial enterprises. Collection of such data is difficult and frequently regarded as unattractive by scientists and funding organisations, but it is essential for effective application of existing knowledge through simulation models. Furthermore, industry must make frequent measurements of factors determining animal performance and enterprise profitability if the significance of predictions from animal models is to be evaluated fully. An example is presented illustrating how simulation models can improve the biological efficiency and profitability of a commercial animal enterprise when this information is available.

scholarly journals Examining the Significance and Impact of Social Entrepreneurship

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Balasundram Maniam ◽  
Jared Engel ◽  
Geetha Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Definition Of

Social entrepreneurship has garnered a significant amount of attention over the last decade or two. With so much emphasis on economic and financial return, governments and commercial businesses often neglect or provide insufficient attention towards the social and natural environments. This recent surge in non-profit and social activity from social entrepreneurs is proving to be an effective means of doing business, stirring up much controversy amongst scholars along the way. This paper dives into the hotly debated definition of social entrepreneurship and examines the types of opportunities and challenges associated with new phenomenon. Then, the report concludes with a discussion on the complexity of social entrepreneurship and why future research is needed.  

More than money: exploring the role of investment advisors for sustainable investing

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falko Paetzold ◽  
Timo Busch ◽  
Marc Chesney
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Capital Allocation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Private Investors

Purpose – Investment advisors play a significant role in financial markets, yet the determinants of their behavior have not been explored in detail. The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of how actively advisors communicate about sustainable investing with their clients, and differences in the preferences of advisors compared to investors. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a survey with 296 retail and private banking investment advisors, this study employs an ordinary least squares regression model to explore the determinants of advisors activity in communicating about sustainable investing (SI) with their clients, differences in the aspects that matter to advisors and investors, and the role of the complexity of sustainability. Findings – Advisors activity in communicating about SI relates to their expectation of SI regarding financial return, real-world impact, and the fuzziness and trustworthiness of SI. Advisors appear not to be influenced by expected risk and their personal values, which runs against prior research findings and the interest of investors. Research limitations/implications – Future research should assess cultural differences and explore asymmetries between advisors and investors in regard to the role of volatility, values, impact measurement, and complexity. Practical implications – Investment advisors underweighting aspects related to risk and self-transcendent values relative to their clients might limit the suitability of clients ' portfolios, skew capital allocation, and depress the role of SI in financial markets. Generalized to salespeople this behavior might depress the market success of products related to sustainability at large. Social implications – The findings and their generalization indicate that salespeople might systematically deviate from their clients’ interests in regard to social responsibility. Advisors and salespeople in their mediating role might be an important barrier to sustainable development. Originality/value – This is the first quantitative study that explores the decision-making by investment advisors in the context of SI, and as such answers to specific calls in literature to explore the micro-foundations of decision making in regard to SI and social responsibility, and on the relationship between private investors and investment advisors. This study is based on unique and original empirical data on advisors that work with retail and wealthy private investors.

scholarly journals Foreign ownership and local fans: Turkish football fans’ perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Mücahit Fişne ◽  
Sait Bardakçı ◽  
Syed Ali Hasaan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foreign Investor ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Football Fans ◽  
Almost All

AbstractForeign investors have been very active in football clubs in many different countries. These clubs see significant benefits from foreign investment. However, in Turkey, this practice has not yet been implemented. Furthermore, there has been no general discussion about the applicability of this system in Turkish clubs, despite almost all Turkish football clubs being in a state of financial turmoil. To fill this void, this study aims to research the views of Turkish football fans regarding the possible sale of their club to a foreign investor. A total of 1172 football fans across Turkey completed a questionnaire form for the research. The distributions of fans’ views were analyzed by forming crosstabs and using the chi-square test of independence. A total of 66.8% of Turkish fans who participated in the research are against the possible sale of their club to a foreign investor, while 33.2% of the fans support this situation. Additionally, 55.5% of the fans think they have adequate information about club ownership, whereas 44.5% of them think they do not have adequate information. Also, desire for financial return, sporting success, and corporate management were found as reasons to support foreign ownership while nationalism and a sense of belonging to a club were found as reasons to oppose foreign ownership. The study indicates that fans oppose or support the idea of foreign ownership for various reasons. The study describes these factors in the context of past studies and also presents the path for future research.

scholarly journals Economic Benefits of Studying Economics in Canada: A Comparison of Wages of Economics Majors with Wages in Other Disciplines, Circa 2005

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-165
Author(s):  
Ather H Akbari ◽  
Yigit Aydede
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Business Majors ◽  
Mathematical Skills ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Economics Majors

We compared the wages of economics degree holders with of those in 49 other fields of study using data from the 2006 Canadian population census. At the undergraduate level, economics majors earned the sixth highest average wage in 2005. When demographic controls were applied, they ranked ninth on the salary scale. When we compared the wages in 15 fields that require students to take math courses, economists ranked in the middle, as they also did when working as managers and professionals. When working as business and finance professionals, economists had wages surpassed only by finance majors. At the graduate level, economics majors had a greater wage advantage over all of the other fields except for business majors. These results are useful for Canadian university economics departments that have been experiencing declining enrolments over the past few years. In addition, we hope they will enable students to make more informed choices regarding their academic discipline. The results also highlight the need to direct greater policy attention towards developing mathematical skills among incoming university students as a prerequisite for them to build analytical skills, the demand for which in the labour market has been demonstrated in some Canadian and US studies.  

scholarly journals A Study on Customer Perception on San Francisco Coffee in KL Gateway Mall

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-132
Author(s):  
Adwa Qamarina Mohd Yusof ◽  
Amira Alya Razali ◽  
Cahya Medina Mohd Rizal ◽  
Ho Ruoh Jyu ◽  
Jegan Motalaiyar Mahendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Coffee Shop ◽  
Customer Perception ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Survey Questionnaires ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This research is an attempt to identify the customer perception on San Francisco Coffee in KL Gateway Mall. Customer’s assumptions on their preferred shop are very important because it could affect their loyalty towards the shop as well as its survival in the market. This paper surveys the customers’ perception of San Francisco Coffee in Kl Gateway Mall using a structured questionnaire. There are two sections of this study: Section A involve the demographic information, while Section B focus on the independent variables. A total of 100 self-administered survey questionnaires was distributed for thie present study and the same amount was expected to be collected back. There are four variables included in the questionnaire to determine the customer’s perception towards the coffee shop: (i) price, (ii) service quality, (iii) brand image, and (iv) cleanliness. Furthermore, five Likert-scale were employed to analyse the data needed for the present study. Additionally, the study consist of four research objectives, which are to evaluate the customer response, identify the problems they faced, discover the most effective strategy and techniques, as well as evaluate the satisfaction level of the customers. The predicted outcome from the study result shows that all the variables have an impact on customer’s satisfaction as it defined how the shop manage to satisfy its customers based on the variables. However, the current study only focuses on customers of San Francisco Coffee shop in specific area (KL Gateway Mall). As such, future research can develop a larger sample size in order to enhance the accuracy and reliability. Also, other variables (taste, ambiance and environment) that affect customer’s satisfaction can be included in future research. There are only several past studies that identify the customer’s perception in coffee shop.

An Optimal Irrigation Model: Theory, Experimental Results, and Implications for Future Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon A. Boomgarden ◽  
Duncan Metcalfe ◽  
Ellyse T. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Farming Efficiency

A series of farming experiments was conducted between 2013 and 2017 in Range Creek Canyon, Utah, to better understand the opportunities and constraints faced by prehistoric farmers in the Southwest. The experiments were designed to collect data on the optimal amount of supplemental water that should be applied to maize fields given the costs in labor and benefits in greater yield. We investigate expected variation in water management strategies using an optimal irrigation model (OIM). The model makes clear that the payoff for farming is best understood as a continuum of relative success and that irrigation is one activity (probably of many) that may improve farming efficiency as well as increase harvest yields. The optimal harvest will always be less than the maximum harvest when there are significant operating costs associated with irrigation. Estimating the costs and benefits of irrigation in a specific area allows for an assessment of whether irrigation is expected, and if so, how much effort should be devoted to water management. A local dendroclimatological study is used to provide the prehistoric context for the Fremont who occupied Range Creek Canyon, and irrigation is expected even in periods of greater precipitation.

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