17th Century British Metaphysical Poetry and Joseph Brodsky: Focusing on John Donne’s Influence on Modern British and American Poetry in the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 131-153
Author(s):  
Sangyeop Lee
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
American Poetry ◽  
Metaphysical Poetry ◽  
Joseph Brodsky

Public Libraries of the Vladimir and Kostroma Provinces' District Towns in the Second Half of the 19th — early 20th Century

2010 ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Soloviev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Native Population ◽  
History Of

On the history of the first public libraries in the province towns of Vladimirskaya and Kostromskaya provinces in the second half of the 17th century - early 20th century. The author considers main statistical data of libraries and analyses necessity and influence of these libraries and reading rooms on the native population.

Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Sara Matrisciano ◽  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Diffusion

All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

scholarly journals Literary Processes In America in the 50s of the XXth Century

enadakultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Gagua
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Poetry ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Edgar Allen Poe

Above mentioned article describes development of literary process in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. The article discusses the most influential figure of American Poetry Edgar Allan Poe. His immersive influence on art field. Generally his poetry is distinguished with expressing bitter truth about dark side of human nature. His works definitely express sympathy and love toward humans. Edgar Allen Poe is an inspiration for many modern writers, among them is Steven King. Generally Edgar Allen Poe’s works contain different genres, in the end he is genius, honest and human artist who worries about human’s condition.

scholarly journals Convention as the Source of the Avant-Garde. Remarks on the Inventiveness of Poetics of the Past

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Barbara Niebelska-Rajca
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Dominant Tendency ◽  
Late Renaissance ◽  
Theoretical Reflection ◽  
Present Text

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 59 (2011), issue 1. Modern theoretical-literary treatises, defined as normative poetics, are usually connected with the dominance of the convention and normativism, with obligatory rules, canonical concepts and restrictive directives hampering originality. The present text tries to revise the conviction that convention is a dominant tendency in the development of the old theoretical thought; it tends to show the avant-garde aspects of modern poetics and to present the relations between what is conventional and what is innovative in the most original theoretical texts of late Renaissance and Baroque. Examples of two avant-garde modern poetics—Francesco Patrizi’s theory of wonder formed at the end of the 16th century and the 17th century Emanuele Tesauro’s conceptistic theory—show that tradition and convention are necessary elements of inventive theories. The avant-garde of poetics of the past, contrary to the avant-garde of the 20th century, is not born from the defiance of the earlier theories but is formed by way of modernizing and transforming them. Old inventive theories—despite all the departures from tradition—are still part of the classical paradigm. Hence, the avant-garde character of late-Renaissance and Baroque theoretical reflection consists in a peculiar synergy of convention and novelty.

Dutch Flower Still Life of 17th Century: Interest and Oblivion through the Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-505
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Kulakova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Still Life ◽  
Art Dealers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Auction Prices ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Still Life Painting

Over three and a half centuries, the genre of flower still life created by Dutch artists experienced ups of interest and oblivion. There were the maximum assessment of society in the form of high fees of the 17th century artists; the criticism of connoisseurs and art theorists; the neglect in the 19th century and the rise of auction prices and close attention of art critics, manifested from the middle of the 20th century to the present day. In the middle of the 17th century, there was already a hierarchy of genres, based on both the subject and the size of the paintings, which was reflected in the price. Still lifes and landscapes were cheaper than allegorical and historical scenes, but there were exceptions, for example, in the works of Jan Brueghel the Elder and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. Art theorists Willem van Hoogstraten and Arnold Houbraken, resting upon academic tastes, downplayed the importance of still-life painting. Meanwhile, the artists themselves, determining the worth of their paintings, sought for maximum naturalism, and such paintings were sold well.In the 20th century, this genre attracted the attention of collectors in Europe and the United States. A revival of interest in Dutch still lifes in general, and in flower ones in particular, began in the 20th century, the paintings rose in price at auctions, and collecting them became almost a fashion. Art societies and art dealers of the Netherlands and Belgium organized several small exhibitions of still lifes. The course for studying symbolic messages in still lifes, presented by Ingvar Bergström, is continued by Eddie de Jong, who emphasizes the diverse nature of symbolism in Dutch painting of the 17th century. Svetlana Alpers, on the contrary, criticizes the iconological method and presents the Dutch painting of that period as an example of visual culture. Norman Bryson’s view of Dutch still lifes is formed against the background of the development of a consumer society, economic prosperity and abundance. Finally, there has been an increasing interest in the natural science aspects of flower still-life painting in the researches of the last twenty years. Curiosity, skill, and admiration for nature are the impulses that can still be felt in the images of bouquets and fruits.

Orientalism Revisited

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-230
Author(s):  
Elvan Ozkavruk Adanir ◽  
Berna Ileri
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

Orientalism is a Western and Western-centric broad field of research that studies the social structures, cultures, languages, histories, religions, and geographies of countries to the east of Europe. The term took on a secondary, detrimental association in the 20th century which looks down on the East. However, this chapter will not dwell on the definition of Orientalism that is debated the most; instead, it will discuss the positive contribution of Orientalism to Western culture. Even though the West otherizes the East in daily life, when it comes to desire, vanity, luxury, and flamboyance without hesitating a moment it adopts these very elements from the Eastern culture. It could be said that this adaptation brings these societies closer in one way or another. The highly admired fashion of Orientalism in the West starting from the 17th century until the 21st century will be the focus of this study.

scholarly journals Mongolian Buddhist Scholars’ Works on Infectious Diseases (Late 17th Century to the Beginning of the 20th Century)

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batsaikhan Norov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Tibetan Buddhist ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Political Milieu ◽  
Preventive Methods

The Qing period saw both the flowering of Buddhism in Mongolia as well as the arrival of new infectious diseases such as smallpox and syphilis which had reached epidemic levels by the 17th to early 20th centuries. During that critical period, a considerable number of Mongolian Buddhist scholars produced a substantial amount of works dedicated to the ways of fighting epidemics. This paper explores the efforts of Mongolian Buddhist scholars in countering this new threat, within the unique social and political milieu of the time. Smallpox spread severely reduced the Mongolian population and could have influenced the change of political control in the region, as several prominent Mongolian leaders who fought against Qing domination were themselves victims of smallpox epidemics. Similarly, at the beginning of the 20th century, around half the Mongolian population was infected by syphilis and, as a result, the population further declined in numbers. Tibetan Buddhist medicine, which was introduced to Mongolia from Tibet, was enriched by Mongolian traditional medical practices and fused with traditional Mongolian and Chinese medical knowledge during Mongolian scholars’ search for preventive methods against infectious diseases. This article examines the works of three renowned Mongolian Buddhist scholars who dealt with issues of infectious diseases: Ye shes dpal ‘byor, Chakhar Géshé Lobsang Tsültim, and Lobsang chos ‘phel.

Systems Thinking and the Internet

2005 ◽  
pp. 2719-2723
Author(s):  
Kambiz E. Maani
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Human Relation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Newtonian Physics ◽  
The World ◽  
Mechanistic View ◽  
The Way

Despite our most impressive advances in science and technology, our prevailing worldview and the way we work and relate are deeply rooted in the thinking that emerged during the Renaissance of the 17th century. This thinking was influenced by the sciences of that era and, in particular, by Newtonian physics. Newton viewed the world as a machine that was created to serve its master—God (Ackoff, 1993). The machine metaphor and the associated mechanistic (positivist) worldview, which was later extended to the economy, the society, and the organization, has persisted until today and is evident in our thinking and vocabulary. The mechanistic view of the enterprise became less tenable in the 20th century, partly due to the emergence of the corporation and the increasing prominence of human relation issues in the workplace. As the futurist Alvin Toffler (1991) declared, “the Age of the Machine is screeching to a halt” (Toffler, 1991).

Human Understanding of Complex Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
The Brain

An important tool for understanding new and complex systems is analogy. Analogies to brain function are often the most complex systems of the time. In the 17th century, complex hydraulic systems were common. Descartes proposed a detailed model of the brain based on a hydraulic system. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the telephone and telegraph systems were used as brain analogies. This analogy is useful for understanding system connectivity constraints and the practical need for a central exchange (“brain”) for switching and memory. An extreme version of the central exchange analogy was called behaviorism or S-R psychology, popular in the first half of the 20th century. Obvious problems with analogy are its basic untruth and a tendency for a complex system to be thought of as magic if its technological roots are lost.

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