Physical Characteristics and Pain Patterns of Skilled Violinists

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen Ackermann ◽  
Roger Adams
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Range Measurements ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Right

This study evaluated the association between upper body physical measurements of skilled violin players and the presence and location of pain related to playing their instruments. To cover a range of playing styles and teaching backgrounds, volunteers were recruited from universities and orchestras. A group of 32 instrumentalists participated in this study and had their upper limb lengths and ranges of motion measured by a physiotherapist. Between-limb range comparisons revealed some significantly greater range measurements of the left hand compared with the right, which are hypothesized to represent an adaptation to years of instrument playing. Participants also completed questionnaires detailing the location and duration of any performance-related pains. Regression results identified physical attributes that may be risk factors in the development of pain problems in violin players with shorter arms. An implication of these findings is that players with right arms shorter than those of their peers may need to pay attention to the positioning of their head on the instrument and to overall instrument placement.

scholarly journals Studi Ergonomi tentang Keluhan-keluhan Fisik yang Dialami Karyawan di Unit Perpustakaan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Heru Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Left Elbow ◽  
The Right

In carrying out the activities at the library needed a comfort, safety and job security in order to create a condition that is in line with expectations and make history in enjoying what will be done. To create an environment and atmosphare is influenced by temperature, humidity, air circulation, lighting, mechanical vibration, color, ordor, and a number of tools used to support the activities of the library includes tables, ahairs, shelves, cabinets, atc. Furniture or equipment use in the library must also be designed so that a safe and compfortable when used. This study aims to determine the grievances suffered by employees (librarian. This study is a quantitative research approach to ergonomics so that the methods used include: (1) observation by direct observation, (2) interview were conducted using a questionnaire sheet Nordi Body Map and (3) documentation. The results obtained from this study: (1) in the upper body 70% complained of pain in the shoulders and neck, 50 % left shoulder , right shoulder 55 % , and 45 % on the left arm. (2) the body of the middle 60 % complained of back pain , 50 % in the upper right arm , 60 % pain in the waist , 20 % on the buttocks , 15 % on the buttocks , the left elbow 25 % , 20 % right elbow , 30 % below the left arm , forearm 25 % right, 35 % left wrist , right wrist 45 % , 30 % and 40 % left hand right hand. (3) in the lower body as much as 20 % complained of pain in the left thigh , right thigh 20 % , 30 % left knee , right knee 25 % , 35 % left calf , calf 35 % right, 20 % left ankle , 30 % on the right ankle , 20 % of the left leg and 25 % pain in the right foot . It can be concluded that most of the employees (librarians) complained of pain in the right side of the body member .

scholarly journals Anthropometric Profiles and Physical Characteristics in Competitive Female English Premiership Rugby Union Players

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiang Yao ◽  
Christopher Curtis ◽  
Anthony Turner ◽  
Chris Bishop ◽  
Alex Austerberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rugby Union ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Upper Body Strength ◽  
Competitive Success ◽  
Physical Attributes

Rugby union (RU) is a field-based team sport with a large number of high-intensity actions such as sprinting, change of direction, tackling, scrummaging, rucking, and mauling. Competitive success in female RU has previously been related to anthropometric and physical characteristics, and with the recent introduction of professionalism in female rugby, characterizing such physical attributes may provide insight into selection and training processes. Purpose: To identify anthropometric and physical characteristics of competitive female RU players and differences between playing positions. Methods: Twenty-two players were recruited from the top tier of female RU in the United Kingdom during the 2018–2019 Premiership season. Players were split into forwards and backs and underwent body composition testing via dual-X-ray absorptiometry and physical characteristic tests (10- and 20-m speed, 1-repetition-maximum bench press and squat, countermovement jump, drop jump, isometric midthigh pull, and 1200-m shuttle). Results: Moderate to large significant differences between playing positions in both anthropometric and physical characteristics were found (P < .01). Forwards displayed greater body mass (P = .03), fat mass (P = .01), and absolute upper-body strength (P = .03), whereas backs demonstrated superior countermovement jump height (P = .01), drop jump height (P = .01), greater reactive strength (P = .03), and speed (P = .03). Conclusion: These findings provide practitioners with a greater understanding of anthropometric and physical characteristics of professional female RU players.

scholarly journals Correlations between body postures and musculoskeletal pain in guitar players

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262207
Author(s):  
Sigal Portnoy ◽  
Shlomit Cohen ◽  
Navah Z. Ratzon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
Physical Comfort ◽  
The Right

Background The guitar-playing community is the largest group at risk of developing playing related musculoskeletal disorders. A thorough investigation of the relationships between the various risk factors and players’ report on musculoskeletal pain using objective and accurate means of assessment has yet to be reported. Purpose (a) to explore the correlations between demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, playing habits, and personal habits of guitar player and their complaints of musculoskeletal pain, (b) explore the correlations between the upper body kinematics of guitar players during playing the guitar and their complaints of musculoskeletal pain, and (c) compare the upper body kinematics of guitar players during playing the guitar while sitting versus standing. Methods Twenty-five guitar players (27.5±4.6 years old) filled out questionnaires regarding their guitar-playing habits, and the Standardized Nordic Questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Kinematics of their torso and upper limbs were tracked while they played a tune twice, once while sitting and once while standing. Results We found moderate correlations between the number of painful joints in the last year and factors, such as physical comfort while playing, years of playing, and position during playing. During standing, lower back pain severity correlated with the rotation range of the torso, while during sitting, it moderately correlated with the average radial-ulnar deviation of the right wrist. During sitting, we found higher anterior and right tilt of the torso, combined with greater abduction of the right shoulder, higher flexion in the left shoulder and higher radial deviation in the left wrist. Conclusion Our results point to several risk factors, related both to playing habits but also to playing posture, which should be considered by the guitar players in order to prevent playing-related musculoskeletal disorders.

scholarly journals Marker-Based Method for Analyzing the Three-Dimensional Upper Body Kinematics of Violinists and Violists: Development and Clinical Feasibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Wolf ◽  
Dirk Möller ◽  
Nikolaus Ballenberger ◽  
Karsten Morisse ◽  
Kristoff Zalpour
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Spherical Surface ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
3D Motion ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
The Right

AIMS: High string players (violin and viola) often suffer from musculoskeletal disorders. Although 3D motion analysis has proved helpful in diagnosing different musculoskeletal syndromes and identifying injurious movement patterns in violin and viola performance, more detailed analyses of upper body movement strategies and especially of the shoulder complex have not yet been recorded. The use of spherical surface markers on some anatomical landmarks is, however, inappropriate when an instrument is being played. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel marker-based method for analyzing upper body kinematics of high string players using conditions specific to violin and viola playing. METHODS: A custom upper body marker set was developed and a biomechanical model applied to 3D motion capture data of the pelvis, thorax, spine, head, and both upper limbs (scapula, upper arm, forearm, hand) of 12 professional violinists, to assess its clinical feasibility. FINDINGS: Lumbar and thoracic spine, thorax, neck, and left upper limb were quite static, while extensive motion occurred in the right upper limb. Most rotation angles showed a reasonable intersubject variability except for glenohumeral and wrist joints. Significant differences were observed between G- and D-string bowing, especially in the left wrist and right shoulder joints. INTERPRETATION: This study suggests that the proposed method is a valid tool for quantifying upper body movements in violin and viola performance. With the extended upper body model, it will improve understanding of the motor strategies adopted by high string players and may contribute to injury prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

scholarly journals Concept and Design of a 3D Printed Support to Assist Hand Scanning for the Realization of Customized Orthosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Baronio ◽  
Paola Volonghi ◽  
Alberto Signoroni
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Scanning Procedure ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Hand Geometry ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Degree

In the rehabilitation field, the use of additive manufacturing techniques to realize customized orthoses is increasingly widespread. Obtaining a 3D model for the 3D printing phase can be done following different methodologies. We consider the creation of personalized upper limb orthoses, also including fingers, starting from the acquisition of the hand geometry through accurate 3D scanning. However, hand scanning procedure presents differences between healthy subjects and patients affected by pathologies that compromise upper limb functionality. In this work, we present the concept and design of a 3D printed support to assist hand scanning of such patients. The device, realized with FDM additive manufacturing techniques in ABS material, allows palmar acquisitions, and its design and test are motivated by the following needs: (1) immobilizing the hand of patients during the palmar scanning to reduce involuntary movements affecting the scanning quality and (2) keeping hands open and in a correct position, especially to contrast the high degree of hypertonicity of spastic subjects. The resulting device can be used indifferently for the right and the left hand; it is provided in four-dimensional sizes and may be also suitable as a palmar support for the acquisition of the dorsal side of the hand.

scholarly journals Treatment with 4-aminopyridine improves upper limb tremor of a patient with multiple sclerosis: a video case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Schniepp ◽  
Veronika Jakl ◽  
Max Wuehr ◽  
Joachim Havla ◽  
Tanja Kümpfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Downbeat Nystagmus ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Sustained Release Form ◽  
The Right ◽  
Release Form

The reversible potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine is effective in the treatment of numerous cerebellar dysfunctions, such as episodic ataxia type 2 and downbeat nystagmus syndrome. In 2011, its sustained release form, dalfampridine, was admitted in Europe for the treatment of walking difficulties in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we report the case of a 44-year old patient with a progressive MS whose upper limb tremor was markedly reduced under treatment with 4-aminopyridine, as documented in a Tremor Activities of Daily Living questionnaire and in the 9-Hole Peg test. Hand accelerations decreased in the left hand from 10.9 m/sec2 to 2.2 m/sec2 and in the right hand from 4.2 m/sec2 to 0.9 m/sec2. This case report indicates for the first time that 4-aminopyridine might be effective in the symptomatic treatment of tremor entities in patients with MS. The finding calls for further prospective studies to determine the usefulness of 4-aminopyridine or its sustained-release form dalfampridine in treating patients with tremor and MS.

scholarly journals Assessment of exposure packaging worker and designing work methods using OCRA index in fertilizer producer company

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Ainun Dwi Fridayati ◽  
Wiediartini ◽  
Haidar Natsir Amrullah ◽  
Muhammad Shah ◽  
Urip Mudjiono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
Break Time ◽  
The Right

Repetitive tasks carried out by packaging workers of fertilizer producer company. These task led to some complains of pain and fatigue on upper body part of the workers based on Nordic Body Maps (NBM) questionnaire. This is because the workers work continuously for eight hours per shift and no recovery period. This study aims to determine risk level of musculoskeletal disorders and break time calculation. In this study, using Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA) index to reduce the risk level. The samples according to expert judgement criteria are three workers (packer clamper, packer tailor and loader). The improvement in this study is designing work methods with break time calculation. This improvement shows the risk reduction on the left hand of the packer clamper from 4,2 to 3,4 and the right hand from 9,9 to 8,2. Risk reduction on the left hand of the packer tailor from 3,44 to 2,2 and the right hand from 5,7 to 2,26 while the risk level on the left hand of loader from 1,4 to 0,87 and in the right hand from 2,17 to 1,18.

scholarly journals Playing-related Musculoskeletal Problems in Children Learning Instrumental Music: The Association Between Problem Location and Gender, Age, and Music Exposure Factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Ranelli ◽  
Leon Straker ◽  
Anne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Instrument Type ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
The Right

PURPOSE: Playing-related musculoskeletal problems (PRMP) are common in adult musicians, and risk factors include gender, music exposure, and particularly instrument type. Emerging evidence suggests PRMP are common in children and adolescents and that risk factors may be similar. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PRMP, both symptoms and disorders, and PRMP location in children and adolescents as well as the associations with gender, age, and music exposure factors such as type and number of instruments and playing time. METHODS: This study surveyed 731 children (460 females), aged 7 to 17 years, studying instrumental music in government schools in Perth, Australia. Lifetime and monthly symptoms, monthly disorders (inability to play an instrument as usual), and PRMP location were examined. Chi-squared analyses were used to evaluate associations between gender, age, music exposure, and PRMP outcomes. Logistic regression evaluated the independent association of these potential risk factors with PRMP prevalence and location. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of students reported PRMP symptoms at some point, 56% reported them within the last month, and 30% reported an inability to play as usual within the last month. After adjustment for gender and age, the type of instrument played (upper and lower strings, woodwind, and brass) was significantly associated with all PRMP (p<0.005) and playing three instruments was protective against monthly symptoms (OR 0.43, p=0.05). The right (24%) and left (23%) hand/elbow and neck (16%) were the most commonly reported PRMP locations, with females affected significantly more than males Prevalence of PRMP increased with age for neck (p<0.001), mid-back (p=0.007), low back (p<0.001), right hand/elbow (p=0.008), and mouth (p=0.011). PRMP prevalence for the left hand/elbow and right and left shoulders demonstrated high rates across all childhood ages. Odds ratios for the risk of PRMP in different locations varied by instrument played. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence and location of PRMP are important issues for child and adolescent instrumentalists. Gender, age, and music exposure are associated with PRMP risk and need to be addressed to ensure musicians’ personal well-being and musical longevity.

Editorial Note

1946 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-2
Keyword(s):  
Editorial Note ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Hand Column ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Infant Speech ◽  
The Right

In the article “Infant Speech Sounds and Intelligence” by Orvis C. Irwin and Han Piao Chen, in the December 1945 issue of the Journal, the paragraph which begins at the bottom of the left hand column on page 295 should have been placed immediately below the first paragraph at the top of the right hand column on page 296. To the authors we express our sincere apologies.

Is the Future the Right Time?

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ouellet ◽  
Julio Santiago ◽  
Ziv Israeli ◽  
Shai Gabay
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Task ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Temporal Reference ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Reading Direction ◽  
Mental Time Line ◽  
The Right

Spanish and English speakers tend to conceptualize time as running from left to right along a mental line. Previous research suggests that this representational strategy arises from the participants’ exposure to a left-to-right writing system. However, direct evidence supporting this assertion suffers from several limitations and relies only on the visual modality. This study subjected to a direct test the reading hypothesis using an auditory task. Participants from two groups (Spanish and Hebrew) differing in the directionality of their orthographic system had to discriminate temporal reference (past or future) of verbs and adverbs (referring to either past or future) auditorily presented to either the left or right ear by pressing a left or a right key. Spanish participants were faster responding to past words with the left hand and to future words with the right hand, whereas Hebrew participants showed the opposite pattern. Our results demonstrate that the left-right mapping of time is not restricted to the visual modality and that the direction of reading accounts for the preferred directionality of the mental time line. These results are discussed in the context of a possible mechanism underlying the effects of reading direction on highly abstract conceptual representations.

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