scholarly journals HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and Behavior among School-attending Afro-Descendant Youths in Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407
Author(s):  
Isabel Hernandez ◽  
Vinita Sharma ◽  
Miguel Reina-Ortiz ◽  
Carlos Rosas ◽  
Tatiana Ochoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Study Results ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background or Objectives: HIV/AIDS transmission in Ecuador is considered a concentrated epidemic; therefore, there are some studies on high risk groups but there is limited published data regarding the HIV/AIDS risk factors among adolescents of African descent. In this study, we sought to explore the determinants of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and behavior among afro-descendant youths attending schools in the city of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among school-attending youths was conducted in Esmeraldas, Ecuador in 2010. Our target population was afro-descendant youths attending the last two years of high school. Thirty public high schools enrolling students in junior and senior years were identified. Outcome data were analyzed in the form of three composite variables. A multivariate linear regression model was built for each outcome. Results: A total of 213 school-attending afro-descendant youths aged 14 to 21 years old were enrolled in this study. Gender distribution was almost equal with a 1:1.17 male to female ratio. Overall, students in this population scored well in comprehensive knowledge of HIV with 88% having medium or higher knowledge. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Knowledge of HIV and its determinants was medium to high, but knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases was low among afro-descendant Ecuadorian adolescents in our study. Results of this study might be instrumental in facilitating decision-making processes related to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of HIV/AIDS prevention and control strategies in this specific population. Key words: • Afro-descendant • Adolescents • HIV/AIDS • Ecuador • Condom use • Risk factors• Epidemiology • Youths • Sexually transmitted infections • Transmission   Copyright © 2020 Hernandez et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)which permits unre-stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

Epidemiology ofMycoplasmaacquisition in male HIV-1 infected patients: a multistage cross-sectional survey in Jiangsu, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (15) ◽  
pp. 3327-3334 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-S. CHEN ◽  
J.-R. WU ◽  
B. WANG ◽  
T. YANG ◽  
R. YUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Aids

SUMMARYMycoplasmainfections are most frequently associated with disease in the urogenital or respiratory tracts and, in most cases, mycoplasmas infect the host persistently. In HIV-infected individuals the prevalence and role of genital mycoplasmas has not been well studied. To investigate the six species ofMycoplasmaand the risk factors for infection in Jiangsu province, first-void urine and venous blood samples were collected and epidemiological questionnaires were administered after informed consent. A total of 1541 HIV/AIDS patients were recruited in this study. The overall infection rates of sixMycoplasmaspecies were:Ureaplasma urealyticum(26·7%),Mycoplasma hominis(25·3%),M. fermentans(5·1%),M. genitalium(20·1%),M. penetrans(1·6%) andM. pirum(15·4%). TheMycoplasmainfection rate in the unmarried group was lower than that of the married, divorced and widowed groups [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1·432, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·077–1·904,P< 0·05]. The patients who refused highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had a much higher risk ofMucoplasmainfection (aOR 1·357, 95% CI 1·097–1·679,P< 0·05). Otherwise, a high CD4+T cell count was a protective factor againstMycoplasmainfection (aOR 0·576, 95% CI 0·460–0·719,P< 0·05). Further research will be required to confirm a causal relationship and to identify risk factors forMycoplasmainfection in HIV/AIDS populations.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Remaja Pengguna Narkoba Suntik dan Perilaku Berisiko HIV/AIDS di Kecamatan Ciledug Kota Tangerang

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Fauzi Syarif ◽  
Zarfiel Tafal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Aids Risk ◽  
Aids Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Aids

Prevalensi penderita HIV/AIDS di Kota Tangerang yang merupakan daerah industri dari tahun ke tahun meningkat tajam. Kecenderungan peningkatan kemungkinan disebabkan oleh letak strategis Kota Tangerang yang berbatasan langsung dengan Jakarta serta dengan geografi dan demografi yang hampir sama dengan Jakarta. Bersamaan dengan itu kasus peredaran dan pemakaian narkotika di wilayah Tangerang dari tahun ke tahun meningkat tajam. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik remaja pengguna narkoba suntik (penasun) dengan perilaku berisiko tertular HIV/AIDS di Kecamatan Ciledug Kota Tangerang Tahun 2007. Data yang dikumpulkan secara cross sectional dilakukan pada 206 sampel responden remaja berusia 15–24 tahun yang menggunakan narkoba suntik melalui wawancara langsung dengan berpedoman pada kuesioner. Karakterisitk remaja tersebut meliputi karakteristik: pribadi (pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS, jenis kelamin, umur, tingkat pendidikan, status ekonomi, posisi urutan dalam keluarga, status orang tua, dengan siapa tinggal), lingkungan sosial (keterpaparan pergaulan dengan pengguna narkoba, pola asuh orang tua, lingkungan tempat tinggal) dan karakteristik budaya (masyarakat fanatisme agama, daerah pendatang/campur, kegiatan di luar rumah). Penelitian menunjukkan gambaran perilaku remaja penasun yang berisiko tertular HIV/AIDS mencapai angka 55,3%. Terdapat 8 (delapan) variabel yang berhubungan erat (p < 0,05) dengan perilaku penasun berisiko yaitu tingkat pengetahuan, umur, tingkat pendidikan, status ekonomi, status orang tua, pola asuh orang tua, lingkungan tempat tinggal dan kegiatan di luar rumah. Variabel yang paling dominan adalah tingkat pengetahuan dimana remaja penasun yang mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan kurang, mempunyai risiko tertular HIV/AIDS 6,9 kali dibandingkan yang mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan baik.Kata kunci : Pengguna narkoba suntik, remaja, HIV/AIDS.AbstractPrevalence of HIV-AIDS in Tangerang City—an industrial area, continues to increase. The increase may be caused by location of Tangerang which is directly bordered to Jakarta and having similar geographical and demographical characteristics to Jakarta. At the same time, there is a significant increase of drugs distribution and abuse. This study aims at investigating the relationship between injection-drug-user (IDU) teenager’s characteristics and HIV-AIDS high risk behavior in Ciledug Sub-district, Tangerang City in 2007. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey conducted among 206 samples of IDU teenagers age 15-24 years old using questionnare administered in face-to-face interview. The study results show that HIV-AIDS risk behavior prevalence reached 55,3% among respondents and there were 8 variables with significant relationship (p < 0,05). Those 8 variables were knowledge, age, education level, economic status, parent status, parental care pattern, living environment, and outside home activity. The most dominant variable was knowledge where teenagers with low level of knowledge has 6,9 times higher risk of having HIV-AIDS risk behavior compared to those with higher level of knowledge.Keywords : IDU, teenagers, HIV-AIDS.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and risk factors for curable sexually transmitted infections on Bubaque Island, Guinea Bissau

2020 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2019-054351
Author(s):  
Giovanna Cowley ◽  
Gregory Milne ◽  
Eunice Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Jose Nakutum ◽  
Amabelia Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Guinea Bissau

ObjectivesComplications from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can result in severe morbidity and mortality. To date, no STI population studies have been conducted on the Bijagos Islands, Guinea Bissau. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), Neisseria gonorrhoea (Ng), Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) and Treponema pallidum (Tp) on Bubaque, the most populated island.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on the island of Bubaque among people aged 16–49 years. Participants were asked to answer a questionnaire on STI risk factors, to provide urine samples (men and women) and vaginal swabs (women) for PCR testing for Ct, Ng, Mg and Tv, and to provide dry blood spots for Tp particle agglutination assays. Data were analysed to estimate the prevalence of STIs and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors.ResultsIn total, 14.9% of participants were found to have a curable STI, with the highest prevalence being observed for Tv (5.9%) followed by Ct (3.8%), Ng (3.8%), Mg (1.9%) and Tp (0.8%). Significant risk factors for having any STI included being female, younger age and concurrent partnership. Having had a previous STI that was optimally treated was a protective factor.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that there is a considerable burden of STI on the Bijagos Islands, stressing the need for diagnostic testing to facilitate early detection and treatment of these pathogens to stop ongoing transmission. Moreover, these results indicate the need to conduct further research into the STI burden on the Bijagos Islands to help inform and develop a national STI control strategy.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge, attitude and perceptions of HIV/AIDS among secondary school students in Guntur district of south India: a cross-sectional survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Krishna Gudi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Guntur District ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> In recent years, there established a diverse information and accelerated surge towards HIV/AIDS. However, awareness of HIV/AIDS among children are ill-defined. As we all are familiar with the known fact that, our greatest natural resource is the minds of the young children who has the potentiality for forming a better nation. It is our greatest responsibility to ignite their young minds in order to eradicate the pandemic diseases such as HIV/AIDS. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and perceptions regarding HIV-AIDS among secondary school students.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the simple random sampling technique. A total of 96 students aged between 13-17 years were sampled from a secondary school in Guntur district and interviewed through a validated self-administered questionnaire in order to assess the knowledge, attitude and perceptions (KAP) regarding HIV/AIDS. The study cohort includes students from VIII, IX, and X standards. Verbal consent from students was obtained before initiating the study. Responses were scored, analyzed and mean score and percentage were used to determine the level of KAP.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study results demonstrated that students of class X had a predominant overall knowledge than of class IX and VIII. While males had a good knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Whereas, females had a lot of misconceptions when compared on overall basis.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This particular survey results strengthen the truth that still there exists a lack of awareness and knowledge among children regarding HIV/AIDS in developing countries like India.

scholarly journals The Use of Sterile Razors as an Efforts to HIV Transmission Prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Yuniar Wardani ◽  
Liena Sofiana ◽  
Suci Musvita Ayu ◽  
Erni Gustiina ◽  
Marsiana Wibowo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV Transmission can also occur as a result of the employment relationship.In addition to health workers there are other workers who are in close contact with his client was a barber, hairdresser, masseur, tattoo, ear piercer and acupuncturist. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavior of a barber in the prevention of transmission of HIV/AIDS with the use of a sterile razor blade. The study design was cross-sectional survey and data analysis is performed simultaneously with quantitative descriptive approach. This study was conducted in the district of Yogyakarta Special Region of Yogyakarta. Subjects of the study were all traditional barber in the study area. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with certain criteria under the terms set by the researchers. The data analysis used Spearman. The average age of respondents was 30.91, the number of consumers 31.28. Mean knowledge is 34.09, attitudes and behavior amounting to 31.06. Based on the rate most people are able to reach a price set by a razor because the tariff ranges between IDR 6,000-10,000 and an average tariff of IDR 8,230. On average shaver have 32 customers each month. There was a correlation between knowledge, attitude with behavior of a barber in the prevention of transmission of HIV/AIDS. There was a correlation between knowledge, attitude and behavior to conduct barber in the prevention of transmission of HIV/AIDS.

Risk factors for HIV infection among sex workers in Johannesburg, South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K L Dunkle ◽  
M E Beksinska ◽  
V H Rees ◽  
R C Ballard ◽  
Ye Htun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex

Our objective was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection among female sex workers in Johannesburg, South Africa. A cross-sectional survey of female sex workers was conducted using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Prevalent sexually transmitted infections including HIV were evaluated through standard laboratory testing. HIV infection was identified in 137 (46.4%) of 295 subjects tested. Increasing frequency of condom use was significantly negatively associated with HIV infection (odds ratio [OR] for moderate use = 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.09, 0.50]; OR for high use = 0.14; 95% CI: [0.06, 0.34]). Sex workers aged ≥29 years reported significantly different patterns of behaviour than younger workers. Among women aged ≥29, a negative association with HIV infection (OR = 0.16; 95% CI: [0.07, 0.38]) was found, but only among those not infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Older women in the Johannesburg sex industry may have adaptive behavioural strategies besides condom usage which reduce their risk of acquiring HIV. However, older sex workers with gonorrhoea constitute a high-risk subgroup.

Trauma-Related Shame, Sexual Assault Severity, Thwarted Belongingness, and Perceived Burdensomeness Among Female Undergraduate Survivors of Sexual Assault

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Stephanie P. Kaplan ◽  
Julie Spencer ◽  
Shannon M. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract. Background and Aim: This study evaluated trauma-related shame as a mediator of the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Method: A total of 164 female undergraduates who reported attempted or completed sexual assault completed self-report measures of sexual assault, trauma-related shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. Results: Using path analysis, trauma-related shame mediated the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness, and between sexual assault severity and thwarted belongingness. Limitations: The findings of this study are limited by the retrospective, self-report, and cross-sectional nature of these data, and do not allow for causal inference. Conclusion: Trauma-related shame warrants additional investigation as a mechanism that explains the association between sexual assault and psychosocial risk factors for suicidal ideation and behavior.

HIV/AIDS Awareness and Knowledge in Rural Adolescent: A Cross-sectional survey in Central India

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
* Avinash Borkar ◽  
◽  
Namita Deshmukh ◽  
Deepak Lone ◽  
Mohan Khamgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aids Awareness ◽  
Rural Adolescent ◽  
Hiv Aids

Health Concerns of Older Adults: Observations from a Survey and Public Education Programme in Bhubaneswar, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Shreyan Kar ◽  
Tushar Kanti Das ◽  
Prasanta Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Brajaballav Kar ◽  
Anupama Senapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Concerns

Background: While it is apparent that old age is associated with multiple health concerns, the extent of its multiplicity and burden is often not clear. It was intended to find out self-reported health concerns for one month and cardiovascular risk factors in middle and older adults. Methods: In the cross-sectional survey, attendees of a Healthy Ageing Conference were approached with a semi-structured questionnaire about their health concerns and cardiovascular risks. Risk of a cardiovascular event in 10 years based on QRISK3 was calculated. Results: A considerable proportion of older adults had a range of physical symptoms, depressive mood state and memory problems. Mean number of health problems reported were 4.8±3.3 (male 4.4±3.1 and female 5.0±4.3). Cardiovascular risk was high, mean QRISK3 score for males were 22.2% (±14.4), and for females 10.3% (±6.6) (p<0.05). On average, the heart age was increased by 7.9±6.2 years (8.6±6.6 years for males and 5.0±3.3 for females). The relative risk of participants was 2.1 for males and 1.5 for females for heart attack or stroke within the ten years, compared to healthy persons. The symptoms and risk factors were elicited easily, and the process probably facilitated improving the awareness about the health concerns holistically. The survey also identified issues related to the engagement of older adults in the existing health care systems. Conclusions: The results suggested that questionnaire-based health screening in a community can identify a range of health concerns and identify multi-morbidity in general and cardiovascular risks in particular. This process may help to focus on the appropriate public health awareness and intervention programmes required in the community.

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