scholarly journals Larvicidal Effect of Mixture of Beauveria bassiana Crude Metabolite and Chitinase Enzyme against Aedes aegypti Larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Dyah Widiastuti ◽  
Bina Ikawati ◽  
Upik Kesumawati Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Chitinolytic Bacteria ◽  
Larvicidal Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Development Unit ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Aedes aegypti is a major vector of dengue, a deadly disease causing deaths of millions of people in developing countries, both in urban and rural populations. Aedes aegypti control with chemical insecticide is widely used, and affects on a widespread insecticide resistance. Mosquito biological control was needed to replace the use of chemical insecticide. This study aimed to evaluate larvicidal effect of mixture of Beauveria bassiana crude metabolite and chitinase enzyme against Aedes aegypti larvae. An experimental study using completely Randomized Design was conducted in March-April 2016 at Banjarnegara Research and Development Unit for Zoonosis Control. Biolarvacide formula was made of mixture with 2 : 1 ratio between Beauveria bassiana crude metabolite and chitinase isolated from chitinolytic bacteria, which was propagated by the Agency’s Bacteriology Laboratory. In experimental method, 120 Aedes aegyptilarvae (3rd instar) were exposed with four concentrations of biolarvacide formula (4%, 8%, 16%, and 32%) in 3 replicates. Results showed that exposure of biolarvacide formula caused the third instar larval mortality which started on the first day of exposure. Probit analysis showed LC50 value was obtained at concentration of 53.2 ppm. This shows that larvacide formula of Beauveria bassiana and chitinase enzyme compounds are effective to be used as larvacides against Aedes aegypti larvae.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS CAMPURAN RENDAMAN JERAMI (ORYZA SATIVA L) DAN TEMEFOS SEBAGAI ATRAKTAN TERHADAP LETHAL OVITRAP AEDES AEGYPTI L

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rasyid Ridha ◽  
Budi Hairani ◽  
Gusti Meliyanie ◽  
Wulan Rasna Giri Sembiring ◽  
Abdullah Fadilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Global Health Problem

ABSTRACT Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a global health problem and can be transmitted through vectors, namely Aedes aegypti. One of the controls can be through lethal ovitrap combined with attractant. This study aims to compare the percentage of trapped eggs, the number of eggs hatched, and larval mortality in the lethal ovitrap that were given two additional types of attractants. The insecticides used were temephos, while the attractants used were 20% straw soaking water, and water that Ae. aegypti have used to lay eggs. The type of research is an experiment with a completely randomized design. The sample used was female mosquito of Ae. aegypti that is full of blood from laboratory colonization. The results showed that straw soaking water was more influential attractant than the former Ae. aegypti colonization water in attracting Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to lay eggs. The highest larval mortality was found in a combination of lethal ovitrap with straw soaking water. Statistically there is an influence of the type of attractant on hatchability and the development of Ae. aegypti into adult mosquitoes. The combination of lethal ovitrap and attractant of straw soaking water can be an alternative control strategy for DHF program managers to reduce the density of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and minimize transmission of dengue hemorrhagic fever in an area. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, attractant, lethal ovitrap, straw soaking water   ABSTRAK Demam berdarah dengue merupakan masalah kesehatan global dan dapat ditularkan melalui vektor yaitu Aedes aegypti. Salah satu pengendaliannya dapat melalui lethal ovitrap yang dipadukan dengan atraktan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan persentase jumlah telur terperangkap, jumlah telur menetas, dan mortalitas larva pada lethal ovitrap yang diberi tambahan dua jenis atraktan. Insektisida yang digunakan adalah temefos, sedangkan atraktan yang digunakan adalah air rendaman jerami dengan konsentrasi 20%, dan air bekas kolonisasi/telur larva Ae. aegypti. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap. Sampel yang digunakan adalah nyamuk Ae. aegypti betina yang kenyang darah hasil kolonisasi di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air rendaman jerami merupakan atraktan yang lebih berpengaruh dibandingkan air bekas kolonisasi Ae. aegypti dalam menarik nyamuk Ae. aegypti untuk bertelur. Mortalitas larva tertinggi terdapat pada kombinasi lethal ovitrap dengan air rendaman jerami. Secara statistik ada pengaruh jenis atraktan terhadap daya tetas dan perkembangan Ae. aegypti menjadi nyamuk dewasa. Kombinasi lethal ovitrap dengan atraktan air rendaman jerami dapat menjadi strategi pengendalian alternatif bagi pengelola program DBD untuk mengurangi kepadatan nyamuk Ae. aegypti dan meminimalisasi transmisi penyakit demam berdarah dengue di suatu wilayah. Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti, atraktan, lethal ovitrap, rendaman jerami

scholarly journals Analisis Efektifitas Tepung Jamur sebagai Larvasida Aedes aegypti

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Yekki Yasmin ◽  
Lenni Fitri ◽  
Betty Mauliya Bustam
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biology Department ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This research is about effectivity analysis of two kinds of fungi i.e. Beauveria bassiana and Metharrizium anisopliae as Aedes aegyptilarvacide, it has been conducted at laboratories Zoology in Biology Department, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty, Syiah KualaUniversity. Aims of this research were estimating maximum time storage of fungi powder as effective larvacide and the number of bacteriacolonies were found in water used for experiment. This research was used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experiments consistof two factors i.e kind and saving time of fungi. The result show that the longer the storage time of Beauveria bassiana the more ineffectiveit was as larvacide and the least fungi colonies were found. Metharrizium anisopliae on the other hand, the longer it was kept, the moreeffective it was as larvacide and the more fungi colonies were found.

scholarly journals JAMUR ENTOMOPATOGEN ASAL TANAH LEBAK DI SUMATERA SELATAN DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI AGENSIA HAYATI WALANG SANGIT (LEPTOCORISA ORATORIUS (F.))

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Effendy TA ◽  
Robby Septiadi ◽  
Abdullah Salim ◽  
Abdul Mazid
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Leptocorisa Oratorius

Entomopathogenic fungi from the lowland soil of South Sumatera and their potential as biocontrol agents of Stink Bug (Leptocorisa oratorius (F.)). The purpose of this research was to explore and examine the potential of soil borne entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatera as biological agents of Leptocorisa oratorius (F).  Soil used for trapping entomopatogenic fungi, was taken from five locations  in South Sumatera.  Percentage of nymph mortality was analyzed by using analysis of variance and arranged in Completely Randomized Design.  LT50­ of nymph mortality was determined with Probit Analysis.  Entomopathogenic fungi found in this research were Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium sp.  Stink bug mortality due to B. bassiana isolates reached 40-73.3% and Metarhizium sp. reached 56.7-70%. The results showed that Metarhizium isolates were more virulent than B. bassiana isolates.  The viability of B. bassiana conidia did not decrease during sub-culturing.  Sub-culturing did not influence the mortality of stink bug nymph but it prolonged the LT50­  of the stink bug.

scholarly journals Isolasi dan Aplikasi Fungi Entomopatogen dari Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Wuri Artikasari ◽  
Emantis Rosa ◽  
Bambang Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Difference Test

DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever) is a serious problem in Indonesia. DHF disease control has been applied so far, one of which is the use of larvacide temephos (abate). However larvacide is a chemical insecticide that has a negative impact on human health and causes resistance. Therefore in this research, biological control is carried out by utilizing entomopathogenic fungi as a larvacide. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from Ae aegypti larvae. Against the death of Ae. Aegypti mosquito larvae with the moist chamber method. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern and performed two repetitions. Factor A is a type of fungi with 3 levels, namely A1: Aspergillus sp1, A2: Aspergillus sp2, and A3: Syncephalastrum sp. Factor B is a dilution with 7 levels, namely B0: Control, B1: 100 (without dilution), B2: 10-1, B3: 10-2, B4: 10-3, B5: 10-4, B6: 10-5 with every treatment was applied in 2 repetitions. Observations were made 24 hours after treatment for 3 days. Data were analyzed using analysis of variances (anova) and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at 5%. The results indicate that fungi isolates are the most effective in killing Ae. Aegypti mosquito larvae is Aspergillus sp1 and Aspergillus sp2 on the treatment of spores without dilution. Key words: DHF; larvacide; Aedes aegypti; Entomopathogenic Fungi.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana Powder as Larvacide to Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 Larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Nova Hariani ◽  
Eka Wulandari ◽  
Bodhi Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Product Concentration ◽  
Percentage Mortality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Study of effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana Powder as Larvacide to Aedes aegypti larvae was conducted on September 2016 to May 2017 in Ecologi and Systematics Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mulawarman. This study aimed to determine the effect of Beauveria bassiana powder with use flour rice media on differents concentration as larvacide to mortality of larvae Aedes aegypti. Stages of study include arranged experimental design (Completely Randomized Design) with concentration of 0%, 0.125%, 0.25%. 0.5% and 0.75%, taking sample, rearing third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and application Beauveria bassiana powder in 48 hours observation. The mortality value of larvae willbe presented on percentage tabel and graph. The result showed, this product is capable of killing larvae for 48 hours with the percentage mortality 0%, 10%, 28%, 70% and 80% in each concentration. Mortality of larvae is influenced by concentration and period of exposure. Increased of product concentration that given and period of exposure can effected increased of mortality percentage. Keywords: mortality, Beauveria bassiana powder, Aedes aegypti larvae

The The Effect of Level Farmers' Knowledge In Some Active Chemical Insecticides Resistance to Control Plutella Xylostella Scale Laboratory

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Rasiska Tarin
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Questionnaire Result ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Two Stages

Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan Petani  Pada Resistensi Beberapa Bahan Aktif Insektisida Kimia Untuk Mengendalikan Ulat Plutella Xylostella Skala Laboratorium The Effect of Level Farmers' Knowledge In Some  Active Chemical Insecticides Resistance to Control Plutella Xylostella Scale Laboratory Catur Hermanto, Rasiska Tarigan dan Fatiani Manik Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran – Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Jln Tangkuban Perahu No 517, Lembang, Bandung Barat 40391; e-mail: [email protected]   ABSTRAK  Petani dan pestisida merupakan dua sisi  yang saling berkaitan dalam mengendalikan serangan hama penyakit tanaman dilapangan Penggunaan pestisida oleh petani semakin hari kian meningkat khususnya didataran tinggi, namun  peningkatan ini tidak diimbangi dengan pemahaman dalam menggunakan pestisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan dan resistensi insektisida yang digunakan petani kubis di kabupaten Karo. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium Kebun Percobaan Berastagi dengan ketinggian tempat 1.340 mdpl yang dilaksanakan dari bulan september sampai november 2015. Pelaksanaan dibagi 2(dua) tahap. Tahap Pertama mengumpulkan makalah melalui teknik diskusi kelompok petani dan pengencer dan wawancara menggunakan kuisioner. Total jumlah responden 10 orang per 4 kecamatana. Dari hasil kuisioner dipilih jenis insektisida yang sering digunakan petani untuk diuji kepekaan ulat plutella xylostella terhadap insektisida yang diuji pada skala dilaboratoium.  Empat perlakuan dengan masing-masing terdiri atas 9 taraf konsentrasi menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  petani kubis dikabupaten karo melakukan pencampuran fungi dan insektisida > 2jenis dengan frekwensi penyemprotan 2 x 1 minggum serta dosis yang digunakan tidak sesuai dengan KF yang dianjurkan. Nilai LC 50 insektisida kimia dari bahan aktif klorantranilipro, prefenofos, sipemetrin dan kloropinofos berturut-turut 1,87 ml, 1,5 ml, 1,5 ml dan 2 ml. Dan waktu Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mematikan 50 % plutella xylostella (LT 50) dari keempat insektisida kimia berbahan aktif klorantranilipro, prefenofos, sipemetrin dan Kloropinfos berturut-turut adalah  39.20, 19.43, 23.57 dan 30.15 jam Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, Resistensi, Insektisida Kimia, Plutella xylostella , Laboratorium ABSTRACT. The Farmers and pesticides are important aspects that  interrelated tocontroll pests in the field of plant diseases as well as opportunities occur resistensi. The use of pesticides by farmers is constantly increasing, especially in the highlands, but this increase is not offset by an understanding in the use of pesticides. The aimed of the research to find the knowledge and the use of insecticide resistance cabbage farmers in Karo District.   The research was conducted at the laboratory of Berastagi experimental farm with altitude of 1,340 meters above sea level implemented from the month of September to November 2015. The implementation of divided by 2 (two) stages. The first is to collect  issues by discussion technique of farmers group and diluent and interview using a questionnaire. Total number of respondents  is ten peoples each four districts. From the questionnaire result so the selected types of insecticides often used by famers for the testing of  sensitivity plutella xylostella to insecticides test at laboratory scale with four treatment. each consisting of 9 degree of concentration using a completely randomized design and repeated 3 times. each consisting of 9 degree of concentration using a completely randomized design and repeated 3 times. The results showed cabbage farmers in the county karo mixing fungi and insecticides> 2 types with spraying frequency of 2 x 1 week as well as the doses used did not correspond to the recommended KF. LC 50 value of the chemical insecticide active ingredient klorantranilipro, prefenofos, sipemetrin and kloropinofos successively 1.87 ml, 1.5 ml, 1.5 ml and 2 ml. Time and time required to shut down 50% of Plutella xylostella (LT 50) of the four chemical insecticide active ingredient klorantranilipro, prefenofos, sipemetrin and Kloropinfos are respectively 39.20, 19:43, 23:57 and 30.15 hours

scholarly journals Effect of aqueous neem seed extract via irrigation on larvae of Liriomyza sativae in melon crop

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewerton M Costa ◽  
Francisco EL Silva ◽  
Elton L Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Liriomyza Sativae ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soil Irrigation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Neem Seed Extract

ABSTRACT The leafminer [Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] is one of the main pests of melon crop (Cucumis melo) in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará. Thus, adopting strategies to control this destructive insect is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous neem seed extract, applied to soil via irrigation, on leafminer larvae, in the melon crop. An experiment was conducted in greenhouse, in completely randomized design, consisting of five treatments (four doses of aqueous neem seed extract: 1; 3; 5 and 10 g/100 mL) and the control consisting only of distilled water and 10 replicates (melon plants). The treatments were applied in a single dose, via soil irrigation. In the first stage of the evaluation, 24 hours after application, the number of dead larvae per plant was counted. In the second step, pupal mortality was recorded. The total mortality was also calculated considering the number of larvae and the number of emerged adults. We verified that, increasing the concentration of aqueous neem seed extract, an increase in the larval and pupal mortality of the leafminer in melon crop was noticed. The concentration 10 g/100 mL presented the best results, resulting in 36.4% of larval mortality, 96.5% of pupal mortality and 96.8% of total mortality.

scholarly journals Effect of Storage Temperature on Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Viability on Several Carriers

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Sukamto
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Maize Flour ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Tapioca Flour

One of the entomopatogenous fungus types commonly observed and showed potency as myco-insectiside is Beauveria bassiana(Bals.) Vuill.In order to support effectiveness and patogenous activity of B. bassiana, it is necessary to add a carrying agent that protects its spores from ultra violet ray. This study aims to investigate the effect of storage temperature on viability of B. Bassianaspores on the carrier material. The observation was carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. The research was arranged in completely randomized design by three factors. The first factor was carrier (C), that consists of C1 = rice flour, C2 = maize flour and C3 = tapioca flour. The second factor was dosage (D), that consists of D1 = 1 g B. bassiana+ 1 g carrier; D2 = 1 g B. bassiana+ 5 g carrier and D3 = 1 g B. bassiana+ 10 g carrier. The third factor was temperature of the storage (T),that consists of T1 = 5oC; T2 = 23oC and T3 = 29oC. Viability of B. Bassiana spores was examined by observing development of 100 blastopores randomly and determined under light microscope with 400 times magnification. Observation was conducted in two replicates after the spores of B. bassiana were kept in the storage for 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks. The result showed that by adding 1 g tapioca flour and temperature of storage of 5oC was potentiall in keeping viability of B. bassianaspores at least for 2 months. It was due to that tapioca flour gave better effect than rice and maize flours in keeping the storage and appropriate low temperature. Viability of B. bassianaspores decreased with increasing carrier dosage, temperature and duration of the storage. Whereas, storage at 5oC was found to be a better condition in keeping viability of dry pure B. bassianaspores longer than conditions of 23o and 29oC. Key word:Beauveria bassiana, temperature, viability,carrier.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS LARVISIDAL EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAN HEKSANA DARI FILTRAT Beauveria bassiana TERHADAP Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha ◽  
Wahyu Setyaji Dwiantara
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Biological Insect Control

Beauveria bassiana produces several metabolites that are toxic to insects so that it can be used as a biological insect control agent as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. The aim of this study was to determine the larvicidal activity of ethyl acetate and hexane extract from B. bassiana filtrate culture against Aedes aegypti 2nd instar larvae. This research was it cooked by determining the optimum age of spore inoculum of B. bassiana on the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) based on the number of spores and its viability. Afterwards, we determine the incubation time of B. bassiana in the Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) in order to obtain filtrate culture which have highest mortality effects against Ae. aegypti 2nd instar larvae. B. bassiana filtrate culture was extracted with hexane and ethyl acetate and tested aegypti for larvicidal activity with a concentration range of 50, 100, 200, 300 ppm. The LC50 value was carried out by probit analysis. The results showed that ninth day old culture in the PDA was the optimum age of spore inoculum with the spore number and viability were 2.54 x 107 spore/mL and 93.46% respectively. The filtrate of sixth day old culture in PDB medium gave 100% mortality against 2nd instar Ae. Aegypti larvae. LC50 values of ethyl acetate and hexane extract were 117.28 dan 287.09 ppm. These results showed that the ethyl acetate and hexane extract of B. bassiana filtrate culture have biopesticide potential against 2nd instar Ae. aegypti larvae.   

scholarly journals The Toxicity of Srikaya Seed Granules (Annona squamosa L.) with Different Heating Temperatures Against the Larva of Aedes aegypti L.

BIOEDUKASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rima Gloria Purwanto ◽  
Dwi Wahyuni ◽  
Joko Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract: Aedes aegypti L. is a mosquito carrying dengue virus that causes dengue fever, especially in Southeast Asia which is a tropical rain forest region which is a habitat for mosquito growth. Aedes aegypti L. mosquito control is carried out by chemical means of fogging and using abate but this control actually causes Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes to become resistant or immune to chemical drugs so that a new breakthrough is created by making bioinsecticides biologically to eradicate the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito. with characteristics that are environmentally friendly and do not kill non-target animals and cause the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito not to become resistant. To be able to realize this desire so that the sugar cane granules extract of Annona squamosa L. containing active compounds in the form of annonain and squamosin so that they are toxic to Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. Further research is to test the heating temperature level of the granules of Annona squamosa L. extract temperature of 40 ° C and 60 ° C which is more deadly of Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. This research method uses a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The temperature of 60 ° C uses concentrations of 1 ppm, 6 ppm, 12 ppm, 18 ppm, 24 ppm and 30 ppm. As for the temperature of 40 ° C using concentrations of 1 ppm, 7 ppm, 14 ppm, 21 ppm, 28 ppm, and 35 ppm, each temperature compared with aquadest and abate. Data analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50, then followed by a statistical test paired sample T-test with SPSS to find out a significant difference between heating temperatures of 40 ° C to 60 ° C. These results then show that a higher temperature of 60 ° C has a higher level of toxicity compared to a lower temperature of 40 ° C.

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