Gender dan Penyakit Tuberkulosis: Implikasinya Terhadap Akses Layanan Kesehatan Masyarakat Miskin yang Rendah

Saat ini, fokus utama dari pelayanan kesehatan masih bertumpu pada aspek medis yang sangat kurang memperhatikan isu sosial termasuk gender yang merupakan penyebab utama kesenjangan bidang kesehatan di masyarakat kita. Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit yang menyebabkan kematian di seluruh dunia. Gender berperan sebagai salah satu determinan penyakit tuberkulosis meliputi penemuan kasus, diagnosis, dan proses pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perspektif gender pencapaian Program Tuberkulosis Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) meliputi penemuan, diagnosis pasien, dan hasil pengobatan di Rumah Sakit Paru Jember, tahun 2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal dari Laporan Program Tuberkulosis DOTS Tahun 2010. Populasi adalah penduduk yang menderita tuberkulosis yang mendapat pelayanan dalam program DOTS. Sedangkan, sampel dari penelitian ini adalah pasien yang telah didiagnosis tuberkulosis oleh dokter, mendapatkan pelayanan di Poli Paru Rumah Sakit Paru Jember pada tahun 2010. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara diskriptif dengan perspektif gender. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses penemuan pasien tuberkulosis, perempuan lebih tinggi dari laki-laki. Tetapi dalam proses diagnosis pasien tuberkulosis dan hasil pengobatan pasien tuberkulosis, laki-laki jauh lebih tinggi dari perempuan. Kondisi ini disebabkan karena stigma pada perempuan serta akses dan kontrol perempuan yang rendah terhadap pengelolaan sumber daya untuk kesehatan. Komitmen pemerintah dan masyarakat yang sensitif gender diperlukan dalam intervensi program tuberkulosis DOTS pada masa yang akan datang.Nowadays main focus of health care remains in medical aspect and lack on social issue include gender identities which are being main cause of the health gap in our society. Tuberculosis is a disease caused mortality in the worldwide. The role of gender as a determinant of health status, including all aspects of tuberculosis, from case finding, diagnosis, and treatment result of tuberculosis patient. The objective of this research was an analysis of gender perspective the reach of Tuberculosis Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) program from case finding, diagnosis, and treatment result of tuberculosis patient in Lung Hospital of Jember in 2010. This research was descriptive analytic method used secondary data from the report of Tuberculosis DOTS program at 2010. The population of this research is people with Tuberculosis have accessed services from DOTS program. The sample of this research are man and woman patient, have been diagnosed as tuberculosis patient by doctor, getting services in Lung Poly in Lung Hospital of Jember in 2010. Collected data are analyzed descriptively with a gender perspective. The result of this research shows that in tuberculosis patient finding process, woman is higher than man, but in the diagnosis and treatment result of tuberculosis patient, man is higher than woman. This condition was caused by woman had stigma and low access and control in managing resources for health. Gender sensitivity commitment by government and society is needed to the intervention both in tuberculosis DOTS program applying in the future.

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Setting up a community tuberculosis (TB) programme

Setting up Community Health Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings ◽

10.1093/med/9780198806653.003.0019 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 334-349

Author(s):

Ted Lankester

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Case Finding ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Short Course ◽

Directly Observed Treatment ◽

Adults And Children ◽

The Many ◽

And Control

This chapter describes the recent status, impact, and control of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide through the End TB strategy. It gives examples of how government and civil society programmes can work together, with the roles and tasks of each clearly defined. It gives examples of the many barriers to treatment. The chapter describes current methods of case finding and case holding, existing and new diagnostics, and the treatment of adults and children. It explains the categories for recording cases and of treatment outcomes. It outlines the community and clinic background to managing cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, and of co-infection with HIV. It describes the ongoing value of the DOTS strategy (Directly Observed Treatment-short course) and the limited value of the current BCG vaccine. The chapter emphasizes ways to reduce infection such as strict control on tobacco and reducing household smoke.

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Missed opportunity for standardized diagnosis and treatment among adult Tuberculosis patients in hospitals involved in Public-Private Mix for Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course strategy in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/1472-6963-10-113 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ari Probandari ◽

Lars Lindholm ◽

Hans Stenlund ◽

Adi Utarini ◽

Anna-Karin Hurtig

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Short Course ◽

Directly Observed Treatment ◽

Public Private Mix ◽

Missed Opportunity

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The Role of the Ambon City’s Population and Civil Registration Office in Controlling Incoming Migration

Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik ◽

10.22146/jsp.41525 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Rahmawati Sururama ◽

Tiara Nanuru

Keyword(s):

Personal Data ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Population Monitoring ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Population Mobility ◽

Civil Registration ◽

The Government ◽

Using Data ◽

And Control

The objectives of this study are to find out the role of the Ambon City’s Population and Civil Registration Office in Controlling Incoming Migration and to find out the obstacles faced by the Ambon City's Population and Civil Registration Office in Controlling Incoming Migration. This study used a qualitative descriptive research method. Data Collection was obtained through observation, interview, and documentation. Data were analyzed using data reduction, display data, and verification. Primary and secondary data were used as the sources for analysis. The informants in this study were the chief of the Population and Civil Registration Office Ambon City and the Population Monitoring and Control Division, as well as the migrants. Ambon City’s Government, through the Population and Civil Registration Office, has carried out its duties as regulated by the Mayor of Ambon Regulation No. 17/ 2009 article 14 paragraph 2, namely: Coordinating the monitoring of urbanization of population and supervising the registration of population mobility flows. The constraints faced by the Ambon City population and civil registration office, namely: Most of the population who migrated to Ambon City did not report themselves so the authorities had difficulty monitoring the flow of urbanization and monitoring population mobility; inspected and supervised residents, who have not lived in Ambon city for six months, have moved to other areas; there is no effort and awareness of people who have been examined and under supervision to change by reporting personal data to the government.

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A study on role of sputum conversion rate in management of tuberculosis in South Indian population

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181210 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 1419 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chandrasekhar Bineni ◽

Pradeep Yarasani ◽

G. Ravi Prabhu

Keyword(s):

Conversion Rate ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

South Indian Population ◽

Intensive Phase ◽

South Indian ◽

Short Course ◽

Directly Observed Treatment ◽

Sputum Conversion ◽

The Difference

Background: Directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) is the currently recommended control strategy for tuberculosis. Even after intensive phase of directly observed treatment short course, there is delayed sputum smear conversion in some patients due to multiple factors. The present study was undertaken to study the role of sputum conversion in management of tuberculosis.Methods: A total of 229 patients with smear positive Tuberculosis cases of both Category-I and Category-II from DOTS centre in tuberculosis, S.V.R.R. Government General Hospital, Tirupati, A.P were enrolled and registered for the present study. Consent was taken from the patients to study the role of Sputum conversion rate importance in management of Tuberculosis in South Indian population.Results: The sputum conversion rate has been found to be higher in Category I (93.2%) compared to that of Category II (80.8%) and the difference is also found to be statistically significant. The sputum conversion rate has been found to be higher in those who were one + initial grade of sputum 96.1% followed by scanty grading 93.3%.Conclusions: The present study suggests that special attention should be given to patients enrolled for DOTS II regimen to improve sputum conversion rate in management of tuberculosis.

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Implementation of Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Directly Observed Treatment Short course Strategy

Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Medical and Health Science Study ◽

10.47616/jamrmhss.v2i4.227 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 130-142

Author(s):

Nursalim Nursalim ◽

Mappeaty Nyorong ◽

Asriwati Amirah

Keyword(s):

Health Center ◽

Health Workers ◽

Health Sector ◽

Case Finding ◽

District Health Office ◽

District Health ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Remote Areas ◽

Short Course ◽

Directly Observed Treatment

The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of pulmonary TB disease management with the DOTS strategy at the Jagong Health Center, Central Aceh Regency.The implementation of Pulmonary TB Management with the DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse) strategy in the working area of the Jagong Health Center, Central Aceh Regency has been maximized. by facilitating and providing motivation so that patients want treatment in a complete and integrated manner, case detection can be carried out by health workers or cadres who have been given training to recognize the symptoms of pulmonary TB. The distribution of drugs is distributed to each puskesmas in Central Aceh Regency, from the Puskesmas the drugs are arranged directly by P2TB officers then given directly to the PMO or the patient himself. PMO performance has never been given special training about treatment, PMO only received direction from P2TB Pulmonary officers. Recording and reporting carried out at the Jagong Health Center includes case finding, treatment, and recovery. Suspected pulmonary TB will be recorded and then monitored until the results of the examination have been obtained. Recording and reporting will be reported every month in a meeting at the Central Aceh District Health Office. For the Central Aceh Regency government to further enhance the development and improvement of infrastructure in the health sector so that health services are more easily accessible to people in remote areas.

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The influenza pandemic in colonial Asante: Lesson drawing for the fight against COVID-19 in the twenty-first century

The Journal of Ethnology and Culturology ◽

10.52603/rec.2021.30.02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 11-20

Author(s):

Adu-Gyamfi Samuel ◽

◽

Tomdi Lucky ◽

Asiamah Phinehas ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Pandemic ◽

Secondary Data ◽

First Century ◽

Colonial Administration ◽

Culture Conflict ◽

Influenza Pandemics ◽

Traditional Authorities ◽

And Control ◽

Lesson Drawing

This paper pays attention to colonial strategies that were deployed to fight against the influenza pandemic among the Asante of Ghana. It does a comparative analysis of the outbreak and mode of spread of COVID-19 and influenza pandemics in Ghana and Asante, in particular. Based on the theory of lesson-drawing, the authors aimed to ascertain whether the strategies adopted to fight the current COVID-19 pandemic reminisce the earlier strategies deployed during the influenza pandemic of 1918. Based on primary and secondary data, the authors have constructed a history which proffers some insights into the fight against COVID-19. Authors conclude that the various health interventions toward the prevention and control of influenza in Asante during the colonial period were skewed in favour of Europeans and natives who worked within the colonial civil service. This did not support relevant strategies and efforts to reduce the spread of the disease at a faster pace. Despite several efforts made to curtail the spread of the disease, the colonial administration together with traditional authorities encountered challenges of inadequate health personnel, culture conflict, financial. The role of security agencies and the collaboration between the colonial administration and traditional authorities offer a very significant lesson for confronting the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana.

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THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOMARKERS OF THE INFLAMMATION AT PATIENTS WITH PROGRESSING ODONTOGENNY PHLEGMONS AT TREATMENT BY SELECTIVE DEKONTAMINATIONS METHOD OF INTESTINES

The actual problems in dentistry ◽

10.18481/2077-7566-2014-0-1-43-45 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 43-45

Author(s):

А. Зыкин ◽

A. Zykin ◽

А. Громов ◽

A. Gromov

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Bacterial Translocation ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Selective Decontamination ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Tnf Α ◽

And Control

<p>This work was devoted to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of patients with odontogenic phlegmons based on studying the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of progressive odon- togenic infection . For this purpose, we compare the level of IL-4, 6, TNF-α in the study and control group, which revealed a hairdryer bacterial translocation and its impact on the pathogenesis of odontogenic sepsis. Investigation of the influence of the method of selec- tive decontamination of the level of pro-inflammatory interleukins (TNF-α, IL-6) and anti- IL-4 was determined multidirected chosen method of treatment. Levels of IL-6, TNF and decrease no change in anti- IL-4 suggests a method of selective decontamination of inefficiency within four days .</p><p> </p>

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Morphogenesis of a New Human Herpes-Type Virus Isolate (Sasha Virus)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100073404 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 592-593

Author(s):

R. F. Zeigel ◽

W. Munyon

Keyword(s):

Virus Isolate ◽

Calf Serum ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Human Herpes ◽

Human Embryonic Lung ◽

Human Herpes Virus ◽

Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽

Hel Cells ◽

And Control

In continuing studies on the role of viruses in biochemical transformation, Dr. Munyon has succeeded in isolating a highly infectious human herpes virus. Fluids of buccal pustular lesions from Sasha Munyon (10 mo. old) uiere introduced into monolayer sheets of human embryonic lung (HEL) cell cultures propagated in Eagles’ medium containing 5% calf serum. After 18 hours the cells exhibited a dramatic C.P.E. (intranuclear vacuoles, peripheral patching of chromatin, intracytoplasmic inclusions). Control HEL cells failed to reflect similar changes. Infected and control HEL cells were scraped from plastic flasks at 18 hrs. of incubation and centrifuged at 1200 × g for 15 min. Resultant cell packs uiere fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium, and post-fixed in aqueous uranyl acetate. Figure 1 illustrates typical hexagonal herpes-type nucleocapsids within the intranuclear virogenic regions. The nucleocapsids are approximately 100 nm in diameter. Nuclear membrane “translocation” (budding) uias observed.

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