scholarly journals ELECTRONIC ECONOMICS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ECONOMIC THEORY

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
S. Kuregyan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Effective Use

The article is devoted to the study of electronic economy and artificial intelligence from the point of view of their influence on economic theory. Economic theory is still a science that studies the world of things and the economic relations between people and their economic behavior. At the same time, special importance is attached to the effective use of limited material resources in order to create more wealth. All this is becoming unattainable in the age of information technology, the digital economy, which strengthen the intangible forms of capital and its impact on human life. Therefore, the task is to show how the electronic economy can affect economic science, and how economic science can contribute to the development of this economy.

scholarly journals Challenges of rational choice theory in contemporary economic science

Revizor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (91-92) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Miloš Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scientific Disciplines

In the focus of the paper there are some basic insights and ideas of rational choice theory, that is the "core" of contemporary economic theory. Also, rational choice theory is the "center" of modern political science and is used in various other scientific disciplines, such as: sociology, philosophy, political science, psychology, and the like. There are two main goals of this paper. One is to point out the limitations of rational choice theory as one of the theories of economic behavior (and decision making). The second goal is to analyze certain problems detected during the application of the rational choice theory in economics and to adequately consider the importance of alternative concepts, models, and theories from the point of view of improving the understanding of economic, social, political, and other processes in the economy and society as a whole.

Economic development as a change of qualitatively different systems of social and economic relations: To a critique of “pan-institutionalism” and “ideational” approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandеr V. Buzgalin ◽  
Andrey I. Kolganov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The paper shows that now the mainstream of the economic theory is in crisis losing the heuristic potential. There is some positive potential of the institutional approach that is close to (without admitting it) a number of methodological approaches in Marxist political economy (allocation of objective determinants of economic behavior, an implied confession of existence of similar economic systems, emphasis on property relations, etc.) and goes farther than neoclassics. The “ failures” of institutionalism are specified, and it is emphasized that in a number of points (especially, in exaggerating the role of institutions — political, in particular — as bases of economic changes) the criticism of R. I. Kapelyushnikov’s “pan-institutionalism” is justified but positive proposals of the author, the “ideational” approach, are themselves subject to criticism. The conclusion is drawn that active discussions concerning the methodology and paradigmatic foundations bases of economic theory are on the agenda.

How Many Paradigms There are in Economic Theory – and Can it Become a One-paradigm Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Dmitrij Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Equilibrium System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Development Of Economic Theory ◽  
Science Subject

Over the past 100 years, economics has stood out from other scientific disciplines because of the presence of two fundamentally different approaches to understanding its subject: from a systemic point of view, and from the point of view of individual choice. All the main directions of modern economic theory turn out to be reducible to two paradigms, conceptually related to two main interpretations of the economic science subject. The understanding of the economy as an equilibrium or non-equilibrium system is associated with two said paradigms. The author believes that the development of economic theory after Keynes can be interpreted as a series of attempts to integrate the identified paradigms. In another form, this is the question of the synthesis of micro- and macro-approaches in economic theory. 

scholarly journals Materials Requirement Planning with the Use of Activity Based Costing

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dorota Więcek ◽  
Dariusz Więcek ◽  
Luboslav Dulina
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Supply Costs ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Materials Requirements Planning

AbstractOne of the rationalization areas is the material supply process. New tasks of material supply are: integration of supply with the operation of the entire system, especially at the product design stage, effective use of material resources, reduction of the level of supply costs from the point of view of production costs. In the conditions of unit and small batch production the materials requirement needs to be carefully planned and optimized due to the use of many different kinds, types and sizes of materials and dynamic changes of demand over time. In this situation there are needed tools enabling the measurement of production costs for particular tasks on the basis of currently realized processes. One of these tools is activity based costing which is a groundwork for decision making process in the material supply area. Basing on activity based costing, a model of materials requirements planning was developed, which considers minimizing the number of different kinds and sizes of materials by using alternative materials and, consequently, lowering production costs.

scholarly journals Economic paradigms and economic communications

Upravlenie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Wawrosz ◽  
Radim Valenchik ◽  
Ondrei Roubal ◽  
Svetlana Sazanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Procedural Rationality ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Relationship

The development of modern economic theory is influenced by various factors of the external and internal environment. The factors of the external environment include: changes in the practice of economic entities, global economy, in the institutional environment, technological changes. The factors of the internal environment include: changes in the field of scientific knowledge in general, as well as changes in the methodology of economic science itself. The main driving force behind the development of economic theory is the evolution of economic paradigms, which has an impact on the methodological choice of researchers, their scientific worldview. An important component of human economic activity are economic communications, the essence and content of which have not been yet sufficiently studied from a theoretical point of view. Since economic communications are closely related to the behavior of economic agents, which affects, in turn, the results of economic activity, their study is an urgent task. The subject of research in the article is the relationship of economic paradigms and ideas about the essence of economic communication. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of the evolution of economic paradigms on the development of scientific ideas about economic communication. The authors have applies following research methods in the scientific paper: the method of rational reconstruction of science, the method of comparative analysis, the method of scientific abstraction and others. The relationship between the evolution of economic paradigms, theories of behavior of economic agents and the understanding of the role of economic communications in economic activity have been revealed. The authors investigated economic communications in the context of the theory of full, limited, procedural rationality, organic irrationality, as well as in the context of the theory of productive consumption. The main scientific results consist in identifying features in the understanding of the essence of economic communications from the point of view of various theories. The results obtained are the basis for the study of the systemic and humanistic foundations of economic communications, as well as the development of recommendations for improving economic communications.

Modern Western Economic Theory (The Survey of the Main Tendencies)

2008 ◽  
pp. 20-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khudokormov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Mainstream Economics ◽  
Modern Economic

The author considers modern economic theory from the point of view of crisis phenomena inherent to it. He recapitulates various aspects and positions of different authors and concludes that there is obvious presence of crisis tendencies in different fields of economic research. Nevertheless it is not worth talking about the crisis as there is no real alternative to neoclassical mainstream economics. Basing upon the detailed analysis of the state of modern economic science the article classifies its major schools and currents putting emphasis on the philosophical, political and ideological orientation of their main representatives.

Once again about object of management of economic development. What´s the problem?

Upravlenie ◽  
10.12737/1978 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Мокий ◽  
M. Mokiy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Planetary System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Definition Of

Management of economic development at the present stage of development of humanity demands new theoretical approaches. First of all, it concerns change or specification of understanding of sense of the economic relations and reconsideration of existing problems under a new point of view. So it developed that in economic science today there is no standard definition of «economy». In article the new ontology of the economic relations based on understanding of «fragmentariness» of mankind within planetary system and a coevolution of development is offered. On this basis the new treatment of the main problems of economic development is offered.

scholarly journals Reduction of Cyber Crimes by Effective Use of Artificial Intelligence Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8643-8645
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
News Item ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Daily News ◽  
Cyber Crimes ◽  
Effective Use

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a buzz word in the cyber world. It is still a developing science in multiple facets according to the challenges thrown by 21st century. Use of AI has become inseparable from human life. In this day and age one cannot imagine a world without AI as it has much significant impact on human life. The main objective of AI is to develop the technology based activities which represents the human knowledge in order to solve problems. Simply AI is study of how an individual think, work, learn and decide in any scenario of life, whether it may be related to problem solving or learning new things or thinking rationally or to arrive at a solution etc. AI is in every area of human life, naming a few it is into gaming, language processing, speech recognition, expert system, vision system, hand writing recognition, intelligence robots, financial transactions and what not, every activity of human life has become a subset of AI. In spite of numerous uses, AI can also used for destroying the human life, that is the reason human inference is required to monitor the AI activities. Cyber crimes has become quite common and become a daily news item. It is not just a problem faced in one country, it is across the world. Without strong security measures, AI is meaningless as it can be easily accessible by others. It has become a big threat for governments, banks, multinational companies through online attacks by hackers. Lot of individual and organizational data is exploited by hackers and it becomes a big threat to the cyber world. In this connection research in the area of AI and cyber security has gained more importance in the recent times and it is ever lasting also as it is a dynamic and sensitive issue linked to human life.

scholarly journals Economy of joint consumption as a new form of economic relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Glukhov ◽  
Zlata Glukhova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Online Trading ◽  
Effective Development

Scientific and technological progress, the processes of globalization and internationalization have had a great influence on the development of the economy and related financial instruments, and financial technologies. To describe the model of economic behavior of individuals, the term “joint consumption economy” is widely used, which is based on the joint (collective) use of goods or services that are transferred for temporary use on a reimbursable or free basis. The analysis of information sources by the authors showed that, simultaneously with the term “sharing economy”, other concepts are used depending on the author’s point of view of the researcher and his belonging to the corresponding scientific school. The economy of joint consumption, as a model of the economy, is not new, however, in the context of the penetration of modern information and communication technologies into all spheres of the life of modern society, it received a new impetus for development and changed the structure of the relationship between consumers of goods (services) by reducing the transactional ones that arise in these processes costs, minimizing costs, reducing the number of intermediaries, increasing the number of online trading platforms and simplification of the process of providing consumers with temporary use of goods (services). The online services used in the sharing economy provide consumers with the opportunity to make more efficient, mobile and affordable the use of the resources at their disposal. To single out the volume of the economy of joint consumption among the general indicators of the national (world) economy due to the lack of a unified approach to its determination. For the effective development of the joint consumption economy, the development of the relevant regulatory legal acts is necessary, because for all its advantages there are mutual risks associated with the dishonesty of the parties involved in fulfilling their obligations.

Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Problems and Initiatives in the Social Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
V. Leonov ◽  
YEkatyerina Kashtanova ◽  
A. Lobacheva
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
Management Functions

Technologies based on artificial intelligence (AI) have achieved significant results, including facial recognition, medical diagnostics, self-driving cars, insurance management and exchange assets, property, human resources, search and recruitment. Artificial intelligence promises huge benefits for economic growth, social development, and improving the well-being and people security. Of course, artificial intelligence and robotics are among the most discussed issues and technological trends around the world today. In the light of their widespread use and implementation in all spheres of human life, often the expected opportunities, achievements and scientific breakthroughs overshadow the reasonableness and expediency of using artificial intelligence technologies in a particular field from a legal and ethical point of view. Companies, in the pursuit of profit and leading positions in the market, are often irresponsible about the legal and ethical issues of interaction with artificial intelligence technologies. Nevertheless, the ethical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence technologies are gaining high importance these days. The emergence of high-tech systems and software that can function more and more independently of humans and can replace the performance of tasks by humans requires special attention. These systems raise a number of important and tough moral questions. The article discusses the main directions of the artificial intelligence technologies spread and the ethical consequences and moral issues that arise in this regard, both at the state and organizational levels. The main trends characteristic of the labor market that arise in the process of workplaces robotization and the intelligent robots introduction into the production process are studied. The authors convincingly prove the priority of ethics and human safety issues in the design and implementation of AI systems. During the discussion of the ethical problems of the artificial intelligence introduction in organizations, the emphasis is placed on the use of these technologies not from the point of view of automation and improving the efficiency of performing direct management functions, but from the point of view of the organization of personnel work. Based on this, the article concludes with recommendations for the development of ethical principles adapted to the design and use of AI systems.

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