scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of Tigris River Using Overall Index of Pollution (OIP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 1095
Author(s):  
Ibrahem Mahdi Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Overall Index Of Pollution ◽  
Rain Precipitation

This study was performed on the Tigris River (Baghdad city section) during the period between December 2016 and December 2018 to assess seasonal variation in water quality using the Overall Index of Pollution (OIP). The OIP is one of the reliable tools for the assessment of surface water quality. To calculate OIP-values, eight parameters were measured ( pH, Dissolved Oxygen "DO", Biological Oxygen Demand "BOD", Total Dissolved Solid "TDS", Total Hardness "TH", calcium "Ca", Sulphate "SO4" and Alkalinity). The results showed the anthropogenic activities impact of Baghdad population that directly discharge of "inadequate treated" waste water to the river.  OIP values were acceptable (1˃OIP˃ 1.7) in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2018. However, in 2014 and 2017,the OIP recorded values that were acceptable and tend to be slightly polluted (1.7˃OIP˃2.5). The impairment of water quality during 2014 and 2017 might be caused by the decrease in the water share feeding Tigris River from Turkey due to the construction of many dams. Also, markedly reduced rain precipitation rates were recorded in these periods.  The study suggests conducting continuous monitoring programs and establishing a reliable Iraqi classification system for water quality by a specialized scientific panel.

Surface Water Quality in the Forest Catchment – A Case Study of Tunga and Bhadra River Stretches, Karnataka

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Santhosh Kumar T. M1 ◽  
K. L Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

A need of water quality assessment of the rivers before enters into the human induced habitations play a vital role in maintenance of ecological balance. The surface water samples were randomly collected from the Tunga and Bhadra reservoirs situated in the downstream catchments of Western Ghats with semi-evergreen and mixed deciduous forests during January 2018 to December 2019. The samples were analyzed as per the Standard Methods prescribed for drinking water analysis. Increased trend of pH in Pre-monsoon and decreased trend in post monsoon season was observed and the mean concentrations of pH was ranged between 7.30 and 8.02. Electrical Conductivity values were found to be <143µS/cm and indicated that the water is suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes. The Total Dissolved Solids and Total Hardness values were indicated as soft water as values are <75 mg/L. A significant relation was noticed between Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand during Post monsoon season. Whereas, no relationship was existing with water quality parameters in Tunga River and Bhadra reservoirs during monsoon (2019) wherein highest floods were received in this season. An insignificant pollution load was observed as the water flows through forest areas and no relationship exists between past mining activities in the Bhadra river catchment, sedimentation of reservoir and water quality. However, it is suggested to control of alterations in land use / land cover, use of fertilizer and pesticides, mono culture plantations and developmental activities to maintain the water quality in the study area to meet the domestic demands in the downstream.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of Hebbal Lake in Bangalore City

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 520-527
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Bangalore City ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Domestic Purpose

Bangalore city consists of many artificial lakes which was constructed for domestic water supply, industrial, agricultural and also for recreational purposes. Due to huge population growth, pollution and urbanization the lakes of Bangalore is depleting day by day. Hebbal lake is one among the oldest lake in Bangalore, with its source being rainwater. Hence there is a need to study, restore and protect this lake. The present study deals with studying and analyzing the physicochemical parameters of Hebbal Lake at its different sampling points. The following parameters were analyzed in laboratory using different analytical methods i.e Temperature, Dissolved oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Electrical conductivity, Total hardness, Total dissolved solids (TDS), and chloride. All other parameters were well within the permissible limits. The BOD exceeded the maximum limit as per the standards 6mg/lit prescribed by BIS. Water quality index was plotted to know its water quality fluctuations at different sampling points. The obtained results revealed the importance of lake restoration and management of the hebbal lake. It was concluded that the lake water could be used for domestic purpose, irrigation, and also for drinking purpose with proper filtration. This paper presents the qualitative assessment of hebbal lake and its remedial measures for water crisis in Bangalore city

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment Using Physico-Chemical Parameters and Heavy Metals of Gobind Sagar Lake, Himachal Pradesh (India)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Yogesh Walia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Physico Chemical

Today the environment has become harmful for the health of living organisms due to excessive pollution and contamination of natural resources. The present investigation has been carried out with the objective to assess the water quality of the Gobind Sagar Lake, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh (India) using physico-chemical parameters with heavy metals of the lake. For this study, three sampling sites were identified and samples from different sites were collected in summer season and important parameters [Water Temperature, pH, Total Hardness, Dissolved Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chloride, Total Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)] with heavy metals [ Lead (P), Copper (Co), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni) and Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr) were analyzed. The results revealed that the different conditions of Gobind Sagar Lake in different sampling stations showed fluctuations in some physico-chemical parameters and also in heavy metals. These result depicted that water of lake was polluted in the form of nutrient enrichment which is due to agricultural activities and its runoff in and around catchment area of the lake. There are other many ways that things can end up in the lake as the free style way of disposal of industrial and domestic effluents etc. Results of studies on heavy metals in pollution are well documented revealing the toxic effects of these metals on aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Surface Water Quality Assessment, Prediction & Modelling of River Daya in Odisha

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Jena ◽  
*Sayed Modinur Rahaman ◽  
Pradeep Kumar DasMohapatra ◽  
Durga Prasad Barik ◽  
Dikshya Surabhi Patra
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Good Tool

Abstract A decision tree -based approach is projected to predict surface water quality and is a good tool to assess quality and guarantee property safe use of water for drinking. The most objective of this study is to assess the surface water quality of the Daya watercourse to work out the quality of drinking functions. Samples were collected from designated locations throughout totally different seasons (winter, summer, rainy) over a amount of five years (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020). Total dissolved solids, pH, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, iron, fluoride, were all tested as well as total coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli. The main goal is to use decision tree regression to construct a model to assess and predict water quality changes in the Daya geographic region of Odisha, India, and compare it to statistical methods.

scholarly journals Status of Water Quality in the Tista River at Kaunia Point and its Impact on Aquatic Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MJ Islam ◽  
MH Kabir ◽  
NT Meghla
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

The study was conducted to investigate the surface water quality of the Tista River at Kaunia point in wet (September to November) and dry season (December to February) during the period from September 2013 to February 2014. The water samples were collected from five different sampling stations of Tista River mentioned as Station 1 (St-1), 2 (St-2), 3 (St-3), 4 (St-4) and 5 (St-5). The analysis of the study showed that the average transparency was 13.28 and 32.31 cm in wet and dry season, respectively, while the temperature was observed 25.86 and 18.18?C in wet and dry season, respectively. The observed electrical conductivity (EC) was 84 and 145.67 ?s cm-1, pH was 7.72 and 8.03, dissolve oxygen (DO) was 5.35 and 5.37 mg l-1, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 1.64 and 1.89 mg l-1 in wet and dry season, respectively. In wet season, the total dissolved solid (TDS) was measured 53.2 mg l-1, while 73.86 mg l-1 in dry season. The alkalinity was found 40.94 and 43.4 mg l-1 in wet and dry season, whereas, the hardness was found 98.47 and 102.46 mg l-1 in the following seasons. The study showed that most of the water quality parameters of the Tista River were suitable for aquatic organisms as well as fishes. However, the agricultural runoff and waste materials generated from anthropogenic sources could be the main causes of degradation of water quality and aquatic organisms.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 29-33 2015

scholarly journals USE OF OVERALL INDEX OF POLLUTION AND WATER QUALITY INDEX TO ASSESS RANI POND AT AURANGABAD, BIHAR, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita K Sharma ◽  
Vikash K Ravi ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Dina N Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Overall Index Of Pollution

The present work was carried out to apply overall index of pollution and water quality index to assess status of Rani Pond, Aurangabad, Bihar, India which has been under pressure due to the increasing anthropogenic activities. Physicochemical parameters like water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand chloride, fluoride and nitrate were analyzed using standard procedures. The values obtained were compared with the guidelines for drinking purpose suggested by BIS (2012). The result shows the higher concentration of electrical conductivity, hardness, total dissolved solids and fluoride beyond the permissible limit. Ten parameters were selected to derive the overall index of pollution and water quality index for the estimation of water potential. The range of 2.70-3.50 of overall index of pollution and 165.83- 224.58 of water quality index indicating that the water of Rani Pond is not fit for drinking including both human and animals. The implementation of overall index of pollution and water quality index is necessary for proper management of the Rani Pond and it will be a very helpful tool for the public and decision makers to evaluate the water quality of the Rani Pond for sustainable management.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality in Tigris River of AL-Kut City, Iraq by Using GIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Hussein Jabar Khadim ◽  
Hasanain Owaid Oleiwi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Tigris River

The concerns about water contaminants affect most developing countries bypassing rivers over them. The issue is challenging to introduce water quality within the allowed limits for drinking, industrial and agricultural purposes. In the present study, physical-chemical parameters measurements of water samples taken from eleven stations were collected during six months in 2020 through flow path along the whole length of Tigris River inside AL Kut city (center of Wassit government) were investigated for six parameters are total hardness TH, hydrogen ion pH, biological oxygen demand BOD5, total dissolved solids TDS, nitrate NO3, and sulfate SO4. The water quality analysis results were compared with the maximum allowable limit concentration recommended by World Health Organization WHO and Iraqi limitation spastically; TH, BOD5, TDS, and SO4 had an average value of 421, 62, 813, and 376 mg/l, respectively. The spatial distribution of six water quality parameters within the studied area was carried out by implementing the Quantum Geography Information System QGIS technique established on the Inverse Distance Weighted IDW method to produce the interpolation predicted maps of stations along the river in Al Kut city. The results showed water quality degraded and an increase in the concentrations observed for all parameters along the river path, especially at the last two stations due to attributed to human activities, land use and industrialization, and outfall of sewerage flow to the river directly without treatment. Spatial distribution is essential to give a thorough understanding of the river's contamination reality. This makes it easier to understand, analyze and find the appropriate treatments and solutions to the problem of water quality.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of Shitalakhya River

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Md. Kudrat- E-Zahan ◽  
M. Habibur Rahman ◽  
A. A. S. Mostofa Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Dissolved Silica

Water quality is the key of environmental concern because of its important provision of water for drinking and domestic purpose, irrigation and aquatic life including fish and fisheries. The present study was conducted to assess the surface water quality of the Shitalakhya River from January, 2017 to December, 2018. Temperature, pH, EC, TDS, TSS, BOD5, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Chloride, Dissolved Silica, Total Iron concentration and Turbidity in water samples have been found in the ranges 24 - 33°C, 6.5 - 7.6, 108 - 478 µS/cm, 54 - 245 ppm, 8 - 118 mg/l, 6 - 12 mg/l, 36.6 - 231.8 mg/l, 30 - 190 mg/l, 20 - 120 mg/l, 10 - 80 mg/l, 3.54 - 9.91 mg/l, 16 - 51 mg/l, 0.10 - 1.5 mg/l, 2.09 - 120 NTU in the year 2017 and 21 - 32.5°C, 6.7 - 7.3, 101 - 424 µS/cm, 55 - 212 ppm,  10 - 154 mg/l, 7 - 16 mg/l, 42.7 - 219.6 mg/l,  35 - 180 mg/l, 25 - 115 mg/l, 10 - 70 mg/l, 4.96 - 16.99 mg/l, 19 - 84 mg/l, 0.10 - 2.50 mg/l, 2.73 - 214 NTU in the year 2018 respectively. Obtained results of the present study area shows that most of the parameters were within the permissible limit except Turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Dissolved Silica (SiO2) and Biological Oxygen Demand for five days (BOD5). Use of river water can pose serious problems to human health and aquatic ecosystem via biological food chain. The present research suggests special preference for better management of the river water to protect the health of aquatic ecosystem of the river. 

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of Begnas and Rupa Lakes, Lesser Himalaya Pokhara, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Ramesh R. Pant ◽  
Khadka Bdr. Pal ◽  
Nanda L. Adhikari ◽  
Subash Adhikari ◽  
Akkal D. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Lesser Himalaya ◽  
Lesser Himalayas ◽  
Potential Pollution

This study was conducted to assess water quality variations and identify potential pollution sources in two lakes namely Begnas and Rupa, Lesser Himalayas Pokhara, Nepal during monsoon season in June 2016. A total of 18 water samples (n= 9, from each lake) were collected and major physicochemical parameters were analyzed: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), phosphate- phosphorus (PO4-P), ammonia, chloride, free CO2 and total hardness (TH).The results revealed that the water of both lakes were relatively pure with very less TDS as compared to other lakes considered for the comparison with this study. However, the concentrations of CO2 and phosphates were found to be higher than WHO guidelines for drinking water and also indicated the problem of rapid eutrophication in both of the lakes. Thus, the higher concentrations of organic pollutants and the rapid eutrophication process could be the serious threats that should be considered by the concerned authorities for the sustainability of the lakes in future.

Surface Water Quality Assessment and Prediction Modelling of Kathajodi River

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Sipra Mallick ◽  
F Baliarsingh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
The Neural Network

Water quality index (WQI), a technique of rating water quality, is an effective tool to access quality and ensure sustainable safe use of water for drinking. The main objective of the present study is to access the surface water quality of Kathajodi river for knowing the suitability of drinking purpose by calculating the WQI. Samples were collected from selected locations during different seasons (winter, summer, rainy) over a period of 3 years (2011, 2012, 2013). Water quality assessment was carried out for the parameters like pH, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, Alkalinity, Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD), Dissolved Oxygen(DO), Chloride, Nitrate, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium. The main objective is to develop a model to assess and predict the water quality changes of Kathajodi River Basin Odisha, India using neural networks and compared with the statistical methods. The result shows the proposed ANN prediction model has a great potential to simulate and predict the strongly correlated parameters like TSS (Total Suspended Solids), TDS(Total Dissolved Solids), Alkalinity, BOD(Biological Oxygen Demand)with Mean Square Error (MSE) : TSSMSE = 1.78 ; TDSMSE = 0; AlkalinityMSE = 3.77 and BODMSE = 8E-03.The Neural Network model has been compared with Linear Regression model to find out the best modelling approach for the study area. And it is concluded that the neural network model is superior to Linear Regression Model.

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