scholarly journals Seismic Evidence for Proterozoic Collisional Episodes along Two Geosutures within the Southern Granulite Province of India

Lithosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Raju Prathigadapa ◽  
Subrata Das Sharma ◽  
Durbha Sai Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Central Zone ◽  
Moho Depth ◽  
Geodynamic Evolution ◽  
Crustal Composition ◽  
Abrupt Jump ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Wilson Cycle ◽  
Late Neoproterozoic ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract The Southern Granulite Province of India had witnessed episodes of multiple tectonic activities, leading to sparsely preserved surface geological features. The present study is focused on unraveling the geodynamic evolution of this terrain through measurement of Moho depth and Vp/Vs ratio using data from a large number of broadband seismic stations. These results unambiguously establish three domains distinct in Moho depth and crustal composition. An intermediate to felsic crust with a 7–10 km step-in-Moho is delineated across the Moyar–Bhavani region. Anomalously high felsic crust with abrupt jump in Moho (~8–10 km) together with a dipping feature at deeper level characterizes the transition from eastern to southern segments of the Jhavadi–Kambam–Trichur region. By contrast, the central zone hosting the Palghat–Cauvery shear zone records uniform felsic crust and flat Moho. Drawing analogy from similar results in different parts of the globe, juxtaposition of petrologically dissimilar crustal blocks characterized by varied depths to the Moho is argued to point towards unambiguous presence of two distinct geosutures in the study area: one along the Moyar–Bhavani region and the other across the Jhavadi–Kambam–Trichur. This inference is corroborated by the presence of layered meta-anorthosite, related rock suites, and mafic-ultramafic bodies, supporting the view of a suprasubduction setting in the Moyar–Bhavani region. The Jhavadi–Kambam–Trichur area is marked by operation of the Wilson cycle by way of sparsely preserved geological features such as the presence of ophirags (ophiolite fragments), alkali syenites, and carbonatites. Geochronological results suggest that the suturing along Moyar–Bhavani took place during the Paleoproterozoic and that along Jhavadi–Kambam–Trichur was during the late Neoproterozoic.

Farm Income in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-44
Author(s):  
A. Narayanamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Farm Income ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Situation Assessment ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Different Parts

Owing to poor income from crop cultivation, increased indebtedness and widespread suicides of farmers have been reported in different parts of the country. This has forced the researchers and policymakers to study the issue of farm income in an in-depth manner, which has previously not received adequate attention till the early 2000s. Besides the issue of estimate, many myths on farm income have not been adequately addressed with reliable and temporal data. Chapter 2 attempts to unravel the myths surrounding the issue of farm income and its estimates using data from cost of cultivation survey and the Situation Assessment of Survey of farmers. By showing the pathetic levels of farm income, it also recounts the measures that are needed to increase the farm income at the end.

scholarly journals Moho depth and crustal composition in Southern Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 609 ◽  
pp. 267-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Youssof ◽  
H. Thybo ◽  
I.M. Artemieva ◽  
A. Levander
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Moho Depth ◽  
Crustal Composition

scholarly journals ARCABOUÇO TECTÔNICO E ESTRATIGRÁFICO DA FAIXA RIACHO DO PONTAL, DIVISA PERNAMBUCO-PIAUI-BAHIA

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício de Andrade Caxito ◽  
Alexandre Uhlein
Keyword(s):  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Fold Belt ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
External Zone ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Late Neoproterozoic ◽  
Brasiliano Orogeny ◽  
Augen Gneiss ◽  
Ocean Ridge

A faixa brasiliana Riacho do Pontal bordeja a margem norte do Cráton do São Francisco e pode ser subdividida em três domíniosou zonas tectônicas de características geológicas contrastantes, de norte para sul: zonas Interna, Central, e Externa. A Zona Interna édominada por rochas metavulcanosedimentares intrudidas por rochas plutônicas relacionadas à Orogênese Cariris Velhos (augen-gnaissesda Suíte Afeição, ~1.0-0.9 Ga). A Zona Central é caracterizada pelo Complexo Monte Orebe, composto por metabasaltos de geoquímicasimilar aos basaltos de cadeia oceânica e rochas metassedimentares de ambiente marinho profundo. A Zona Externa é caracterizada pelosistema de nappes Casa Nova, composto por duas unidades: A Formação Barra Bonita na base, que representa uma sequência plataformaldesenvolvida na borda norte do paleocontinente São Francisco; e a Formação Mandacaru no topo, que representa uma sequência marinhaprofunda turbidítica, provavelmente sin-orogênica. Essas rochas foram afetadas por deformação compressiva (D1-D2-D3) com odesenvolvimento do sistema de nappes vergentes para sul, durante o Neoproterozoico (~630-575 Ma), seguida por deformaçãotranscorrente (D4) nos estágios tardios da Orogênese Brasiliana. Toda a faixa é intrudida por múltiplas gerações de plútons graníticos esieníticos sin a pós-colisionais, de idade neoproterozóica a cambriana (~630-530 Ma). A Faixa Riacho do Pontal representa um ciclo deplacas tectônicas completo no Neoproterozoico tardio, envolvendo a colisão do cráton do São Francisco a sul com os blocos litosféricos daProvíncia Borborema a norte.Palavras chave: Orogênese Brasiliana, Faixa Riacho do Pontal, Cráton do São Francisco ABSTRACTTECTONIC AND STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK OF THE RIACHO DO PONTAL FOLD BELT, PERNAMBUCO-PIAUI-BAHIA BORDER.The Riacho do Pontal Fold Belt borders the northern margin of the São Francisco Craton and can be subdivided into three tectonic domainsor zones of distinct geology, from north to south: the Internal, Central, and External zones. The Internal Zone is composed bymetavulcanosedimentary rocks intruded by plutonic rocks related to the Cariris Velhos Orogeny (Afeição Suite augen-gneiss, ~1.0-0.9 Ga);rocks of this age are absent in the other zones. The Central Zone is characterized by the Monte Orebe Complex, composed by metabasaltswhose geochemistry is similar to mid-ocean ridge basalts and deep marine metasedimentary rocks. The External Zone is characterized bythe Casa Nova nappe system, composed by two units: (a) the Barra Bonita Formation at the base, representing a platformal sequencedeveloped at the northern São Francisco Craton margin; and (b) the Mandacaru Formation at the top, which represents a syn-orogenicdeep marine unit. These rocks were affected by compressive deformation (D1-D2-D3) with the development of a south-verging nappesystem, during the Neoproterozoic (~630-575 Ma), followed by strike-slip deformation (D4) at the late stages of the Brasiliano Orogeny.The whole fold belt is intruded by multiple generations of syn- to post-collisional granitic and syenitic plutons, of Neoproterozoic toCambrian age (~630-530 Ma). The Riacho do Pontal Fold Belt represents a complete plate tectonics cycle at the late Neoproterozoic,involving the collision of the São Francisco Craton to the South with the crustal blocks of the Borborema Province towards North.Keywords: Brasiliano Orogeny, Riacho do Pontal Fold Belt, São Francisco Craton

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Age of Vertisols and Its Interpretation Using Data on Gilgai Complex in the North Caucasus

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2B) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Kovda ◽  
Warren Lynn ◽  
Dewayne Williams ◽  
Olga Chichagova
Keyword(s):  
Parent Material ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Soil Complex ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Different Parts

Radiocarbon dates were analyzed to assess Vertisols age around the world. They show an increase of radiocarbon age from mainly modern–3000 BP in 0–100 cm layer up to 10,000 BP at a depth 100–200 cm. Older dates reflect the age of parent material. The inversion of 14C dates seems to be a frequent phenomenon in Vertisols. A series of new dates of Vertisols from gilgai microhigh, microslope and microlow in the North Caucasus was done in order to understand the nature of this inversion. 14C age in the gilgai soil complex ranges from 70 ± 45 BP in the microlow to 5610 ± 180 BP in the microhigh. A trend of similar depths being younger in the microslope and microlow was found. We explain this by intensive humus rejuvenation in the microlows due to water downward flow. The older date in the microhigh represents the old humus horizon sheared laterally close to the surface and preserved by impermeable water regime. We explain inversions of 14C age-depth curves by the sampling procedures. In a narrow pit, genetically different parts of former gilgai could easily be as a genetically uniform soil profile. Because of this strong microvariability, Vertisols require sampling in a trench accounting for gilgai elements, even when gilgai are not obvious.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Extreme Rainfall and Surface Temperature in Sicily (Italy)

10.29007/rtts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Pumo ◽  
Giuseppina Carlino ◽  
Elisa Arnone ◽  
Leonardo Noto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Scaling Relationship ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Parts

The study of the relationship between extreme rainfall events and surface temperature represents an important issue in hydrology and meteorology and it could be of capital importance for evaluating the effect of global warming on future precipitation. Various approaches have been tested across different parts of the world, and, in many cases, it has been observed an intensification of precipitation with increasing temperature consistently with the thermodynamic Clausius-Clapeyron relation (CC-rate of 6-7% °C-1), according to which a warmer atmosphere is capable of holding more moisture. Nevertheless, in different locations, the scaling rate between temperature and extreme precipitation has resulted significantly different with respect to the CC-rate, in some cases sensibly higher (super-CC) and in other relevantly lower (sub-CC). In this work, an analysis of the scaling relationship between sub-daily extreme rainfall events and surface temperature is carried out, using data from a large number of rain and temperature gauges across Sicily (Italy). Results highlight the relevant importance of some modeling choices and, particularly, of rainfall duration, for this type of analysis in semi-arid region. An overall sub-CC scaling rate has been detected for most part of the region.

Measurement and Analysis of Human Lower Limbs Movement Parameters during Walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 538-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Zhigailov ◽  
Artem Kuznetcov ◽  
Victor Musalimov ◽  
Gennady Aryassov
Keyword(s):  
Human Motion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Motion Parameters ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Different Parts

It is necessary to analyze human gait for treatment and rehabilitation of human with musculoskeletal disorders of the locomotion apparatus (LA). The main goal of this work is evaluation of locomotion apparatus motion parameters captured by inertial measurement units (IMU) during walking. Motion Capture technology is process of getting practical results and data from IMU installed in different parts of human lower limbs. Synchronously, IMU send information about human movements to PC at the same moment of time. Such method gives an opportunity to follow parameters in some points of human leg in real time. The way of devices mounting and instruction for human under monitoring are based on related medical projects. Walking is selected for estimation of the musculoskeletal system as typical action. Experiment results got from several experiments were considered and analyzed.Basically, walking is described as a set of the system “human” discrete states. In the same time, the IMU sensors transmit motion parameters data continuously. It is proposed to present the man as a system with a control signal in the form of the double support period. The length will be measured using data from IMU. Double support period is chosen because its presence distinguishes walking from running.The most attention is given to getting the same practical results and data that can be obtained by placing the devices in different parts of the body. Moreover, a technique of using inertial measurement devices for measuring human motion to get some numerical results is shown. The use of this technique in practice demonstrated that it can be used to obtain an objective parameter describing the motion of the person. Continuation of this work is directed to create a complete model of the lower limbs motion for usage in practice [1].

scholarly journals Engineering-Geological Features Supporting a Seismic-Driven Multi-Hazard Scenario in the Lake Campotosto Area (L’Aquila, Italy)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Benedetta Antonielli ◽  
Francesca Bozzano ◽  
Matteo Fiorucci ◽  
Salomon Hailemikael ◽  
Roberto Iannucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Geologic Hazards ◽  
Seismic Amplification ◽  
Hazard Scenario ◽  
Using Data

This paper aims to describe the seismic-driven multi-hazard scenario of the Lake Campotosto artificial basin (Abruzzo Region, Central Italy), and it can represent a preparatory study for a quantitative multi-hazard analysis. A comprehensive multi-hazard scenario considers all the effects that can occur following the base ground shaking, providing a holistic approach to assessing the real hazard potential and helping to improve management of disaster mitigation. The study area might be affected by a complex earthquake-induced chain of geologic hazards, such as the seismic shaking, the surface faulting of the Gorzano Mt. Fault, which is very close to one of the three dams that form the Lake Campotosto, and by the earthquake-triggered landslides of different sizes and typologies. These hazards were individually and qualitatively analyzed, using data from an engineering-geological survey and a geomechanical classification of the rock mass. With regard to the seismic shaking, a quantitative evaluation of the seismic response of the Poggio Cancelli valley, in the northern part of Lake Campotosto, was performed, highlighting different seismic amplification phenomena due to morphologic and stratigraphic features. Some insights about the possible multi-hazard approaches are also discussed.

scholarly journals Crustal Thickness of Antarctica estimated using data from gravimetric satellites

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Llubes ◽  
Lucia Seoane ◽  
Sean Bruinsma ◽  
Frédérique Rémy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Crustal Thickness ◽  
Density Contrast ◽  
Moho Depth ◽  
West Antarctica ◽  
Gravity Field Model ◽  
Gravimetric Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. Computing a better crustal thickness model is still a necessary improvement in Antarctica. In this far continent where almost all the rocky surface is covered by the ice sheet, seismic investigations do not reach a sufficient spatial resolution for geological and geophysical purposes. Here, we computed a global map of Antarctic crustal thicknesses based on space gravity observations. The DIR5 gravity field model, built from GOCE and also GRACE gravimetric data, is inverted with the Parker–Oldenburg's iterative algorithm. The BEDMAP products are used to estimate the gravity effect of the ice and the rocky surface. Our result is compared to crustal thickness provided by seismological studies, CRUST1.0 and AN1 models. Although CRUST1.0 shows a very good agreement with our model, the spatial resolution is smaller with gravimetric data. Finally, we adjust the crust/mantle density contrast considering the Moho depth from CRUST1.0 model. In East Antarctica, the density contrast clearly shows higher values than in West Antarctica.

scholarly journals The possibilities of using data on national populations of fungal species to determine the Red List Category (based on the IUCN Criteria)

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Kamil Kędra
Keyword(s):  
Current Issue ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
National Standard ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Extinction Risk Assessment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Iucn Criteria

The paper refers to the current issue of determining the threat category for fungal species based on the widely used IUCN criteria and presents the information concerns the possible usability of data on populations of fungal species, especially macroscopic ones occuring in Poland, in order to make the best possible extinction risk assessment. The data is heterogeneous due to the various reasons, e.g. eneven mycological recognition of different parts of Poland. Therefore, the need to collect and analyze all currently available data for those taxa is urgent. The further discussion on the subject focusing on the development of a uniform national standard for such assessments is one of the most relevant issues for the near future. The arguments being presented in this paper are intented to be an additional voice in this discussion.

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