Control perception and coping behavior in abstinence in alcoholics / Percepción de control y comportamiento de adaptación en la abstinencia en alcohólicos

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Vielva ◽  
Ioseba Iraurgi
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
And Coping

El objetivo del estudio es encontrar factores asociados a la abstinencia. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio observacional, transversal en el que se analiza la relación entre las atribuciones causales, las expectativas de autoeficacia y de lugar de control y la conducta de afrontamiento ante el problema de alcoholismo, por un lado, y la abstinencia, por otro, en una muestra de 201 alcohólicos en tratamiento ambulatorio. Se analizan también variables sociodemográficas y de cronicidad. Los análisis de correlación revelan una relación estrecha entre las variables psicológicas entre si y con la abstinencia: cuanto mayor es el tiempo de abstinencia, más positivas son las atribuciones causales, mayor es la autoeficacia, mayor es el lugar de control interno y más activo es el afrontamiento. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión múltiple, que mostró que algunas atribuciones, la autoeficacia y el lugar de control explicaban por si solas la abstinencia, no así el afrontamiento. Las variables sociodemográficas no resultaron tener una asociación significativa, pero sí la asistencia al tratamiento y a grupos de autoayuda. Debido a las implicaciones que tienen estas variables en el curso y pronóstico de la dependencia, se sugiere que se tengan en cuenta las variables cognitivas en el tratamiento del alcoholismo.  AbstractThe aim of the study is to determine which factors are associated with abstinence in alcoholics. Observational and cross-sectional studies were carried out to study the relationships between causal attributions, selfefficacy and locus of control expectancies, and coping behavior in the problem of alcohol abuse, on the one hand, and abstinence, on the other. Chronicity and background variables are also analyzed. Participants were 201 alcoholics in outpatient treatment. Correlation analysis revealed close relationship among the psychological variables, as well as between these variables and abstinence: longer periods of abstinence were associated with more positive causal attributions, higher self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and more active coping behavior. A hierarchical regression analysis was also performed, showing that certain attributions, self-efficacy, and locus of control accounted for abstinence, but coping did not. Background did not reveal any association, but attending treatment and self-help groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, did. Because of their relationship, it is suggested that cognitive variables should be enhanced in treatment.

Flourishing or Languishing? The Relationship Between Mental Health, Health Locus of Control and Generalised Self-Efficacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110404
Author(s):  
Amber Giblett ◽  
Gene Hodgins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
The Relationship

Mental health is a core component of overall wellbeing and can contribute to positive functioning and purpose in life. Mental health is purportedly related to the constructs of generalised self-efficacy (GSE) and health locus of control (LOC). Most research, however, has explored GSE and LOC and their relationship with psychopathology, or defined mental health as a lack of psychopathology indicators. This contradicts the two continua model of mental health, as it does not incorporate positive mental functioning. The current study sought to re-examine the relationship between health LOC, GSE, and mental health, whilst controlling for potential confounding factors. It was anticipated that health LOC and GSE would predict mental health. A sample of 224 adults completed an online survey comprised of validated psychometric tools scales. Regression analyses were conducted to determine whether health LOC and GSE predicted mental health, after controlling for self-esteem, social support, and coping. Results indicated that GSE was a significant unique positive predictor of mental health. Health locus of control was not a significant predictor of mental health. Limitations were present, including a cross-sectional research design and use of convenience sampling. This study builds upon existing research in providing a better understanding of contributors to mental health, which may assist in the development of evidence-based mental health promotion interventions.

scholarly journals Dependance on online computer games as a type of addictive behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Zaretskaya
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the dependence on online computer games as a kind of addic- tive behavior, analyzing different viewpoints of researchers. The author represents the results of empirical studies of personality and behavioral characteristics of players, which enable to detect statistically significant differences in characteristics such as locus of control (internality / externality) and coping behavior. In the group of players internality level was lower than in the control group, and the frequency of selection of coping strategy avoidance was higher. Moreover, the author found out the correla- tion between these parameters: the level of internality is negatively correlated with the frequency of selection of avoidance strategies. These data indicate that the one of the basic factors, which forms addictive behavior, in particular, addiction to com- puter online games, is the consciousness of the degree of responsibility for one’s live, of opportunities to influence its course. These results open new perspectives for further study of the problem of computer and Internet addiction. In addition to empirical data, obtained as a result of the author's research, the article analyses well-known theoreti- cal concepts and practical work in the field of Internet addiction, coping behavior and locus of control.

Staff resilience and coping behavior as protective factors for mental health among construction tradesmen

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Mayowa Nwaogu ◽  
Albert P.C. Chan ◽  
Mershack Opoku Tetteh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Coping

Purpose Construction tradesmen are exposed to high levels of stress that can worsen mental health, negatively impacting safety compliance and organization productivity. Hence, effectively coping with stress to prevent mental ill-health becomes an essential point of reference. Thus, this study aims to examine the role of factors such as resilience and coping strategies in protecting tradesmen against mental ill-health. Design/methodology/approach Using a cross-sectional survey design, 110 tradesmen from 65 construction companies were surveyed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Brief Resilience Scale and Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Findings The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. With a 74.5%, 36.4% and 14.6% prevalence rate of self-reported depression, anxiety and suicide ideation among the tradesmen, only positive reappraisal, accepting responsibility coping behaviors and resilience would mitigate the likelihood of developing mental ill-health symptoms. Originality/value This study has extended existing literature by providing information vital to building interventions to deal with stressors effectively. This information would benefit individuals, organizations and the economy and equip policymakers with a deeper knowledge base toward improving mental health.

scholarly journals Anxiety, perceived stress and coping strategies in nursing students: a cross-sectional correlational descriptive study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Dolores Onieva-Zafra ◽  
Juan José Fernández-Muñoz ◽  
Elia Fernández-Martínez ◽  
Francisco José García-Sánchez ◽  
Ana Abreu-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Background: Although nursing students generally have lesser responsibility in the care of patients compared to professional nurses, clinical training is recognized as being a stressful experience for many students. The study objective was to investigate the relationship between anxiety, perceived stress and coping strategies used by nursing students during their clinical training. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational descriptive study. The sample consisted of 190 nursing students enrolled in the Nursing Faculty of Ciudad Real University in Spain. Participants provided data on background characteristics and completed the following instruments: the Perceived Stress Scale; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Coping Behavior Inventory. Relationships between scores were examined using Spearman’s rho. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.71+ 3.89 years (range 18-46 years). Most students (47.92%) indicated a moderate level of stress with a mean PSS score of 22.78 (±8.54). Veteran nursing students perceived higher levels of stress than novice students. The results showed a significant correlation for perceived stress and state anxiety (r= 0.463, p<.000) and also for trait anxiety (r=0.718, p<.000). There was also a significant relationship between the total amount of perceived stress and the following domains of the Coping Behavior Inventory: problem solving, self-criticism, wishful thinking, social support, cognitive restructuring and social withdrawal. In the current study, the coping strategy most frequently used by students was problem-solving, followed by social support and cognitive restructuring. Conclusions: Nursing teachers and clinical preceptors/mentors should be encouraged to develop programs that could help prepare nursing students to cope with the challenges they are about to face during their clinical placements.

scholarly journals Psychological preparedness for pandemic (COVID-19) management: Perceptions of nurses and nursing students in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailaxmi Gandhi ◽  
Maya Sahu ◽  
Radhakrishnan Govindan ◽  
Prasanthi Nattala ◽  
Paulomi M Sudhir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nurse Administrators ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
Coping Scale ◽  
And Coping ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Introduction: The growing COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great threat to millions of people worldwide. Nurses and nursing students are an important group of health professionals who are most likely to face many challenges in this unprecedented scenario. The present study aimed at exploring the perception of nurses and nursing students regarding psychological preparedness for the pandemic (COVID-19) management. Materials & Methods: The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional online survey research design. Purposive sampling was used with an attempt to represent the entire nurses (i.e. nursing officers, nurse administrators and nursing teachers) and nursing students group of India. The survey link was shared to their email ID and they were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected using Psychological Preparedness for Disaster Threat Scale (PPDTS)-Modified, General Self Efficacy (GSE) Scale, Optimism Scale and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRS). Totally 685 responses were received and 676 forms were completed which were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24). Results: The mean age of the subjects was 31.72 (SD=9.58) years. Around 20% of the subjects previously had some kind of psychological training and 4% of the subjects had taken care of persons with COVID-19. Findings revealed that mean score for PPDTS, GSE, BRCS and Optimism was 73.44 (SD=10.82, 33.19 (SD=5.23), 16.79 (SD=2.73) and 9.61 (SD=2.26) respectively indicating that the subjects had moderate level of psychological preparedness, self-efficacy and resilience but higher level of optimism. Psychological preparedness, self-efficacy, optimism and resilience were positively correlated to each other. Self- efficacy, optimism, and resilience emerged as predictors of psychological preparedness. Conclusion: The findings suggested that self-efficacy, optimism and resilience can be considered as predictors for psychological preparedness in pandemic management. Appropriate training could influence self-efficacy while programs addressing resilience and coping may strengthen psychological preparedness which can help in further management of ongoing pandemic.

scholarly journals The relationship of protective and coping behavior with the manifestation of envy in students of different profiles of training

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Goncharova ◽  
Yuliya Boeva
Keyword(s):  
Coping Behavior ◽  
University Student ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The University ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers the typology of forms of envy, its functions, analyzes the ratio of types of envy with different types of protective and coping behavior in students of different training profiles. The study involved 50 students from 19 to 22 years old studying in different specialties of the university. Student age is a period of development of mature mechanisms of protection, constructive coping and envy as a personality trait. The authors started from the assumption that different types of envy are related to different types of protective and coping behavior and their difference among students of different learning profiles. The results of the study prove there is a relationship and interdependence of types of envy with strategies of coping and psychological protection. It was revealed — there is a close relationship between types of envy and coping strategies. It is established that different types of envy are characteristic of students of different profiles of study. Envy-dislike is more pronounced in students of a technical orientation, envy-despondency is the dominant type of envy in humanitarian students. It is proved that avisity-dislike has a positive close relationship with maladaptive confrontational coping in humanitarian students. Planning a solution to the problem and positive reassessment are interdependent and interrelated with envy-hostility among students-technical profile of training. Substitution and hypercompensation are positively interrelated with envy-hostility among humanitarians. Students of the technical profile of education revealed an inverse relationship of envy-despondency with projection and a direct connection with displacement. Envy-dislike is interrelated and interdependent with rationalization. The author plans to associate further research with the development of diagnostic tools and measures to prevent and correct feelings of envy.

scholarly journals What Stimulates Proactive Behaviour of Midwifery Students during their Education?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proactive Behaviour ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare

Background: Proactive behaviour, triggered by various individual and/or contextual antecedents, could be a significant added value to cope with the major challenges midwifery students face in adapting quickly and effectively to different clinical settings. Aim: Assessing the presence of various individual and contextual antecedents in a group of midwifery students and explore their association with proactive behaviour which could bring benefits to the constantly evolving field of reproductive healthcare. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate associated antecedents of proactive behaviour in a group of midwifery students (n = 421) between December 2017 and February 2018. Findings: More than half (66.8%) of the midwifery students demonstrated some kind of proactive behaviour. Albeit, 13.6% of the proactive behaviour was associated to the appearance of the investigated individual and/or contextual antecedents. The Dutch nationality, the evolution in the educational programme, a high role breadth self-efficacy, generalized compliance, trust in peers and autonomy were all positively associated to proactive behaviour. Conclusions: Midwifery students showing generalized compliance to the organization, have a high role breadth self-efficacy and trust in their peers are positively associated to proactive behaviour. Discussion: Anticipating the various significant antecedents during the midwifery education, could strengthen the level of proactive behaviour of future midwives. The awareness of for proactive behaviour could have a positive contribution to the work efficiency and coping attitude of future midwives. This will indirectly contribute to the quality of care for mother and child.

scholarly journals Diabetes Distress, Depressive Symptoms and Type 2 Diabetes Management and Glycemic Control: the Mediating Role of Self-efficacy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexia Gao ◽  
Yarong Han ◽  
Xin Zou ◽  
Judy Xu ◽  
Dean Getrude Mawen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Diabetes Outcomes

Abstract Background: Diabetes distress has been distinguished from depressive symptoms in the linkages to type 2 diabetes management and glycemic control. There are few evidences in rural China untangled the underlying pathways among them. The aim of our study was to examine whether self-efficacy reduced the detrimental effects of psychological variables on diabetes outcomes such as self-care behaviors, glycemic control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods: 1574 adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from 31 rural clinics in China were assessed for psychological variables, self-management and HRQoL. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) data at 6 months after the survey were extracted from electronic medical records. Hierarchical regression model examined independent effects of psychological variables, self-efficacy on diabetes outcomes. KHB method and bootstrapping confidence intervals were employed to test the mediating effect of self-efficacy.Results: Hierarchical regression analysis showed both diabetes distress and depressive symptoms were significantly related to diet and HRQoL, but not related to glycemic control and medication adherence. Depressive symptoms, but not diabetes distress, was directly associated with physical activity. Mediation analysis demonstrated self-efficacy mediated the relationships of both diabetes distress and depressive symptoms on self-care behaviors, glycemic control and HRQoL.Conclusions: Self-efficacy may contribute to better diabetes outcome by ameliorating the effects of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms. Patients with psychological conditions may need tailored intervention that enhance self-efficacy to improve diabetes management.

Job characteristics affect shared leadership

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Hans ◽  
Ritu Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Leadership Influence ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Shared leadership is characterized by exercising lateral leadership influence depending upon the task and the adroitness required for the task. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of job characteristics on shared leadership and explore the moderating effects of perceived self-efficacy, and psychological safety on the relationship between job characteristics and shared leadership. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied hierarchical regression and social network analysis using a sample of 23 teams consisting 219 employees from an Indian-based multinational BPO. Findings Results indicate that skill variety, task significance, autonomy and feedback are significant precursors for shared leadership, and psychological safety and perceived self-efficacy act as moderators. Research limitations/implications The study extends the literature associated with job characteristics in relation to shared leadership. Managers can encourage shared leadership using job design and by creating a psychologically safe environment to enhance performance of the team. The cross-sectional nature of the study and data from a single organization question the generalizability of the results. Originality/value The authors provide an initial understanding of the impact of job characteristics in a team for the development of shared leadership, which has not been studied so far. Also, psychological safety and self-efficacy of individuals in teams have not been explored in the past, moderating the job characteristics and shared leadership relationship.

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