scholarly journals Chaadaev’s work and its interpretationin the intellectual culture of the Silver Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Olga A. Zhukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Problem ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Cultural Myth

Peter Y. Chaadaev (1794‒1856) is a key figure of Russian philosophy. His experience of theorizing about subjects of the highest order – God, man, knowledge, history, and reli­gion – is still a historical and philosophical problem that does not allow us to fully under­stand the mystery of Chaadaev’s creativity, which has the thickness of a cultural myth. From our point of view, the Chaadaev theme in the history Russian thought is not only the question of what the author of the Philosophical Letters said, in other words, it is not about the explication of his ideas. In our opinion, this is rather a question about the exist­ing discourse about Chaadaev as well as about the perception and understanding of his texts in the context of Russian intellectual and political culture. Philosophers of the Silver Age tried to get close to understanding the deep motives of Chaadaev’s thought. “Chaadaev’s problem” provided Russian intellectuals with a powerful creative impulse prompting them to ask questions about Russia, its history as well as its cultural, civiliza­tional, and political identity.

Bulls and Deer, Women and Warriors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Sissa
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
Popular Rule

In ancient Greece, manly men were thought to have invented popular rule and were considered capable, and worthy, of ruling themselves. The full appreciation of the gendered nature of democratic culture challenges our canonical vision of ancient politics. First, we have to place gender not at the margin, but at the heart of Athenian political culture. Second, we have to expand our primary ‘must-read’ sources, by including discourses that deal with the embodiment of a political identity: above all, the biological works of Aristotle. This chapter argues for a correlation between physiology and political theory within the Aristotelian corpus, as well as for the relevance of Aristotle’s insight for our understanding of ancient democracy.

The Crisis of Contemporary Culture: A View from the History of Russian Philosophy: (Fedotov – Weidle – Landau – Bicilli) Materials of the “round table”

2021 ◽  
pp. 184-212
Author(s):  
Boris I. Pruzhinin ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr V. Antoshchenko ◽  
Tanya N. Galcheva ◽  
Inna V. Golubovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Round Table ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Organism ◽  
As If

On August 26, 2021, with the support of “Voprosy filosofii” was held a “round table”, the participants of which considered it meaningful and relevant to address the legacy of experiencing and philosophical reflection of critical epochs by peo­ple who have fully endured the “breakdown” of being and an anthropological crisis – for comprehending the disturbing changes taking place in modern soci­ety. In this regard, the intellectual biographies of thinkers who felt a colossal shock in the 1920s and who tried to comprehend their local experience as a global are exceptional. In the authors’ focus are ideas and arguments of the philosophers of the Russian Abroad about the crisis of their contemporary culture (Fedotov – Weidle – Landau – Bicilli). The “round table” is an attempt to correlate their experience with the modern reality of the anthropological crisis. The studying intellectuals underlined the death of culture as the main threat to the life of the social organism. The salvation of culture, first of all, depends on the spiritual efforts of people. From this point of view, philosophy has to com­prehend the principles that make it possible to resist the processes of cultural de­struction. And in this regard, the personality of the philosopher is of exceptional importance, his willingness to live and work “as if history would never end, and at the same time, as if it ended today” (G.P. Fedotov). The philosophy of culture forms the ideal of personal choice as a free submission to universal human goals. The relevance of the intellectual and spiritual search of the “Russian Abroad” thinkers can't be overestimated since this crisis continues today, entering ever new, previously unpredictable phases. The struggle for culture continues. There­fore, the intellectual searches of the "Russian Abroad" thinkers are essential to­day. The core of the discussions was three actual topics in the context of their comprehension by the philosophers: 1. The crisis of religious consciousness; 2. The crisis of scientific rationality; 3. Crisis of cultural identity.

scholarly journals Chinese researchers on philosophy and culture ground of Xi Jinping’s concept of a community with a shared future for mankind

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 128-140
Author(s):  
A. V. Boyarkina
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Marxist Philosophy ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Structural Methods

The concept of Xi Jinping "a community with a shared future for mankind" put forward at the 18-th National Congress in 2012, is one of the main Chinese philosophical and diplomatic strategies in the 21st century. The purpose of the article is to analyze Chinese academics’ ideas on philosophical and cultural ground of "a community with a shared future for mankind". The historical and structural methods of analysis are used. The novelty of the study is that the concept, in the author’s opinion, creatively develops Marxism, which reflects a view on the world and humanity from the point of view of countries and peoples, their culture and religion. The concept is focused on improving the life of mankind and preserving global environment. The author shows that this concept is bound with the ancient strategies of political culture and Marxist philosophy.

scholarly journals Russian Silver Age Philosophy of War: Main Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Alexei A. Skvortsov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Broad Line ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Consistent System ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
Armed Violence ◽  
The One

The article discusses the main features of the Russian philosophy of war that developed in the first third of the 20th century. The author shows that in Russia, the philosophy of war did not develop as a separate broad line of research but limited itself to only a few meaningful, but rather brief, experiments. Nevertheless, many Russian philosophers (Fyodor Dostoevsky, Vladimir Soloviev, Evgenii Troubetzkoy, Ivan Ilyin, Nikolai Berdyaev, Lev Karsavin and others) left deep, well-founded reasoning about war, which can be reconstructed as a consistent system of views. One of its features is the shift in the focus of considering armed violence from the sociological and political to the anthropological and ethical; the focus is not on war as a social phenomenon, but on the human’s position in war. In this regard, the attitude to war in Russian philosophy is paradoxical. On the one hand, war brings a lot of evil in the form of death of many people and destruction, but, on the other hand, it promotes to the manifestation of the best moral qualities in people, up to selflessness and heroism. Armed violence seems to be a tragedy of the Christian conscience, and each participant must independently find a justification for his participation in the war. Based on the conditions of a difficult moral choice, personal, existential justification may come from the idea that people cannot commit violence with a clear conscience. In this case, the person choosing to participate in a war perceives the battle as his own guilt that should be expiated.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF THE PHENOMENON OF PROPERTY

2016 ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Chukanov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The article provides an overview of the philosophical-psychological conceptions of the phenomenon of ownership. The formation of ideas about property and attitudes are affected by the socio-economic conditions of social development. One can highlight several key ideas that are characteristic for a certain stage of the development of society. The issue of property in Ancient Greece acquires the character of reasoning about the relationship between private and public interests, morals and property, as well as the role of the legislature in dealing with conflict situations, consideration of natural sources and prerequisites for the formation of the phenomenon of ownership, the relationship between natural and unnatural origins of relationship to the property. The philosophy of the Middle Ages examines the problem of the relation between the divine and the earthly, the place of property in the process of interaction "Man-God". Social utopias were characteristic of the Renaissance. A change in the political and socio-economic structure ofEuropeled to the understanding of social inequality. The tension created by inequality, could be released by viewing society and polity as a determinant of the development of negative personality traits (anger, theft, greed, etc.). Utopian "worlds" were the result of a desire to change the real power in society. However, property is not denied, but only goes into collective and personal use. Russian philosophy considers the phenomenon of property from the point of view of the “individual – God” interaction. Private property contributes to the activity of the individual, developing their knowledge and skills through work. Property is divine, and man disposes of it, not owns. Without its spiritual meaning property becomes a means of violating social stability. The main purpose of ownership is to serve the society. The state plays the role of a controller of personal selfish needs of a man.

scholarly journals IDEAL COUNTRY ACCORDING TO AFIFUDDIN MUHAJIR: ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC SPEECH OF THE HANOURIS CAUSA DOCTORAL AWARD AT UIN WALISONGO SEMARANG INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Imam Ghozali ◽  
Zulfikar Hasan ◽  
Chanifudin ◽  
Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
State University ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
Central Java ◽  
State Form ◽  
The Ideal

Afifuddin Muhajir's background concerning the Ideal State cannot be separated from the strengthening of the demands of some Indonesian Muslims who are members of the 212 movements to uphold NKRI Bersyariah. Starting from their success in tackling the political career of Basuki Cahaya Purnama (Ahok) in the 2017 DKI Pilkada. This movement strengthened in the 2019 Presidential election. They supported the Prabowo subianto-Sandiaga Uno pair who were considered more Islamic and capable of realizing their political ideals. Afifuddin Muhajir considered the Political Identity movement in the name of religion to be a very dilemma in Indonesian society which is multi-ethnic, ethnic, cultural, and religious. Politics as a product of Jurisprudence and Muamalah has space for ijtihad and has becomes a common consensus to build the life of the nation and state. This research is a Research Library, that examines Afifuddin Muhajir in his speech conferring the Honorary Doctorate at the Walisongo Islamic State University, Semarang, Central Java. This study focuses on the concept of the Ideal State according to Afifuddin Muhajir with sub-discussions, namely: Political Islam, Pancasila, NKRI, and the State Constitution. This discussion sub-section will answer the concept of an ideal state according to Afifuddin Muhajir from the point of view of Jurisprudence and Ushul Fiqh who are experts in their expertise. This research is certainly interested in answering extremist Islamic groups who want a state form at the level of sharia or Islamic law.

Russian Philosophy of the Name and John of Kronstadt: Name – Icon– God

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 712-726
Author(s):  
Elena S. Mahler
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Divine Presence ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Religious Symbols ◽  
Divine Name ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ontological Relationship ◽  
Name Of God

The article examines the ideological connection of the name glory and Russian philosophy of the name with the theology of father John of Kronstadt, which allows us to speak of him as one of the main precursors of this direction in Russian thought. The article offers the analysis of the most revealing references to father John by the name praisers - first of all, Hilarion (Domrachev), Anthony (Bulatovich) and metropolitan Veniamin (Fedchenkov), who justified the name praising using the views of father John and demonstrated his succession to the traditional patristic heritage. Also the author investigates the most illustrative references of the imyabortsy to father John’s ideas - first of all, the synodal theologians Nikon (Rozhdestvensky) and Sergey Troitsky, for whom the onomatodoxy statements of father John were the problem that required analysis and different interpretation. The ideological relationship between the teachings of John of Kronstadt with the Russian philosophy of the the name - Florensky, Losev and Bulgakov is examined using the example of two topics that reveal their main substantive coincidence and difference. This is the theme that was identically understood by them, the theme of the relationship between the Name and the God - the ontological connection expressed in the main onomatodox formula of father John: “the Name of God is God Himself”, accepted and expanded by each of the representatives of the philosophy of the name. And also the theme of the relationship between the name and the icon that they understand differently - the ontological relationship between the divine name and the icon. From the point of view of father John of Kronstadt, these categories, like all religious symbols, are in essence equal places of the divine presence; while from the point of view of the philosophers of the name, the category of the name, as the divine energy or the place of its residence, ontologically exceeds the icon, as the material phenomenon that receives sanctification and relationship with God through the name.

The Philosophic Discovery of Name and Icon: Chronological Parallels and Ideological Genesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 594-606
Author(s):  
Elena S. Mahler
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Different Levels

The article describes the discovery of “name” and “icon” as two new philosophic categories in Russian philosophy of the Silver Age and the formation of two new directions in Russian thought – “philosophy of name” and “philosophy of icon” – in their close interconnection. It is noted that those directions of thought developed in parallel to each other, which can be found on the pages of the similar or even the same works of the same group of philosophers – E. Trubetskoy, P. Florensky, A. Losev, S. Bulgakov. Similar features of the ideological genesis and problems of those areas of thought are considered in detail, among which are: criticism of secularism and church modernism, opposition to the “new religious consciousness” and the choice of historical Christianity, interest in real religious tradition and practice, and philosophical resort to Patristics, including their predecessor, – Father John of Kronstadt. In general, the author concludes that those trends in Russian thought are deeply interconnected, from their ideological genesis to philosophical problems, which are manifested in the similar understanding of the categories of “name” and “icon” at different levels – ontological, epistemological, communicative, and personalistic.

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