Centrifugal Gas Compressors Energy Optimization Initiatives: A Way to Save Valuable Energy at Upstream Operation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdo Alwani ◽  
Mohammed Ahmad Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Saving Energy ◽  
Discharge Pressure

Abstract The objective of this paper is to showcase successful and innovative means and techniques to improve and enhance centrifugal gas compressors (CGCs) performance, using methods to minimize power consumption, with no need for capital investment. These techniques will assure, if effectively followed, considerable reduction of the consumed energy. CGCs are the most widely used equipment in the oil and gas industry to boost gas, mainly hydrocarbons, to satisfy process treatments and pipeline requirements. In addition, CGCs are one of the major energy consumers, and therefore present an exceptional opportunity for saving energy. Focusing on lowering inlet gas temperatures, considering suction throttling of discharge pressure instead of the traditional discharge throttling, will help to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, a detailed analysis of factors aggravate or lead to undesired CGCs performance will be discussed along with solutions to minimize adverse impact. For example, operating the gas compressors at relatively high inlet temperature will result in higher energy consumption. After performing need analysis, results prove that we would save 3-7% of running compressors consumed energy. In addition, during compressor design phase, it was found that most motor driven compressor system uses discharge throttling, which incurs high-energy consumption. Instead, it is recommended to consider suction throttling to control discharge pressure, as will be explained. This paper will focus on a detailed case study in one of the running CGCs in an upstream gas-oil separation plant (GOSP-A). This paper proves the effectiveness of the proposed techniques in reinstating the CGCs in GOSP-A, to ensure better performance and save energy. This innovative technique is based on extensive process data analysis — evaluating operating, design data, related performance curves, and reviewing international standards. It will be illustrated that this type of analysis and techniques is a valuable tool for saving energy, in most cases, at oil and gas industries

Nanoemulsions: A Versatile Technology for Oil and Gas Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouf AlJabri ◽  
Nan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Droplet ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Nanoemulsions (NEs) are kinetically stable emulsions with droplet size on the order of 100 nm. Many unique properties of NEs, such as stability and rheology, have attracted considerable attention in the oil industry. Here, we review applications and studies of NEs for major upstream operations, highlighting useful properties of NEs, synthesis to render these properties, and techniques to characterize them. We identify specific challenges associated with large-scale applications of NEs and directions for future studies. We first summarize useful and unique properties of NEs, mostly arising from the small droplet size. Then, we compare different methods to prepare NEs based on the magnitude of input energy, i.e., low-energy and high-energy methods. In addition, we review techniques to characterize properties of NEs, such as droplet size, volume fraction of the dispersed phase, and viscosity. Furthermore, we discuss specific applications of NEs in four areas of upstream operations, i.e., enhanced oil recovery, drilling/completion, flow assurance, and stimulation. Finally, we identify challenges to economically tailor NEs with desired properties for large-scale upstream applications and propose possible solutions to some of these challenges. NEs are kinetically stable due to their small droplet size (submicron to 100 nm). Within this size range, the rate of major destabilizing mechanisms, such as coalescence, flocculation, and Ostwald ripening, is considerably slowed down. In addition, small droplet size yields large surface-to-volume ratio, optical transparency, high diffusivity, and controllable rheology. Similar to applications in other fields (food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc.), the oil and gas industry can also benefit from these useful properties of NEs. Proposed functions of NEs include delivering chemicals, conditioning wellbore/reservoir conditions, and improve chemical compatibility. Therefore, we envision NEs as a versatile technology that can be applied in a variety of upstream operations. Upstream operations often target a wide range of physical and chemical conditions and are operated at different time scales. More importantly, these operations typically consume a large amount of materials. These facts not only suggest efforts to rationally engineer properties of NEs in upstream applications, but also manifest the importance to economically optimize such efforts for large-scale operations. We summarize studies and applications of NEs in upstream operations in the oil and gas industry. We review useful properties of NEs that benefit upstream applications as well as techniques to synthesize and characterize NEs. More importantly, we identify challenges and opportunities in engineering NEs for large-scale operations in different upstream applications. This work not only focuses on scientific aspects of synthesizing NEs with desired properties but also emphasizes engineering and economic consideration that is important in the oil industry.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF JET MIXERS FORPREPARATION OF RAW MATERIALS FOR PRIMARY PROCESSING PLANTS OIL REFINING

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (68) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
A. Gumerov ◽  
G. Sidorov ◽  
R. Musaeva
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Ansys Cfx ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Propeller Blades

In the oil and gas industry, bottom sediments are deposited in reservoirs, which reduce the efficiency of oil refining. The optimal yield of light oil products during primary oil refining was considered. To achieve high energy efficiency, it is necessary to compound the oil in the tank using agitators. The available propeller agitators are considered, and their shortcomings are revealed. The disadvantages include: high repair costs, the presence of an electric motor that increases the fire hazard of production, the occurrence of axial loads as a result of rotation and clogging of impurities in the propeller blades. A jet mixer can compensate for the disadvantages of propeller agitators. The simulation was performed using the ANSYS CFX software package. Models have been developed for: cyclic mixing; mixing with a propeller agitator; mixing with a jet agitator. A strength calculation was performed with the ANSYS-Static Structural module with imported data from ANSYS CFX for the propeller and jet agitator. It is revealed that the jet mixer, with its simple design and operation in comparison with other compounding methods, allows to achieve better mixing and lower loads on the tank.

An Experimental Research on Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Local Polymers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola Oyatobo ◽  
Amalachukwu Muoghalu ◽  
Chinaza Ikeokwu ◽  
Wilson Ekpotu
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Profile Control

Abstract Ineffective methods of increasing oil recovery have been one of the challenges, whose solutions are constantly sought after in the oil and gas industry as the number of under-produced reservoirs increases daily. Water injection is the most extended technology to increase oil recovery, although excessive water production can pose huge damage ranging from the loss of the well to an increase in cost and capital investment requirement of surface facilities to handle the produced water. To mitigate these challenges and encourage the utilization of local contents, locally produced polymers were used in polymer flooding as an Enhanced Oil Recovery approach to increase the viscosity of the injected fluids for better profile control and reduce cost when compared with foreign polymers as floppan. Hence this experimental research was geared towards increasing the efficiency of oil displacement in sandstone reservoirs using locally sourced polymers in Nigeria and also compared the various polymers for optimum efficiency. Starch, Ewedu, and Gum Arabic were used in flooding an already obtained core samples and comparative analysis of this shows that starch yielded the highest recovery due to higher viscosity value as compared to Ewedu with the lowest mobility ratio to Gum Arabic. Finally, the concentration of Starch or Gum Arabic should be increased for optimum recovery.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON THE BASIS OF THE UNIVERSITY KNOWLEDGE HUB

Management ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Оlena Nifatova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The University

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Energy efficiency and energy saving are the priority direction of science, technology and engineering development in Ukraine. The policy of energy saving, carried out all over the world, is directed to all branches and scientific researches in all spheres. The big consumer of energy resources is the higher school. Updating of normative-legal and technical base aimed at design and operation of buildings with low energy consumption and high energy efficiency class shows the necessity of short-term solution of the problem. At the same time, there is a lack of a systemic view of energy efficiency, which does not allow evaluating the level of energy costs throughout the life cycle of higher education institutions, which shows the need to find effective solutions to the problem.METHODS. Multiple regression equation was used to assess the influence of factors on electricity consumption and energy efficiency of Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed.FINDINGS. As a result it was found out that the data of electricity consumption do not obey the law of normal distribution, so it is difficult to build an accurate prediction of electricity consumption. The use of HAB knowledge on energy efficiency allowed a more qualitative analysis and highlighted the main factors affecting electricity consumption. The university has unregulated central heating, individual air conditioning systems, and central and individual lighting. In this regard, we selected the following main factors: average outdoor air temperature, average duration of daylight hours, heating period, average number of people working per day, during the month to conduct energy monitoring and energy audit of university buildings.CONCLUSION. Implementation of suggested scheme of structural organization of typical system of automatic accounting of university energy consumption on the basis of university HUB of energy efficiency knowledge: server, allowing to collect, store and process data; routers by means of various wire and wireless communication technologies; hubs, installed on the objects of energy consumption; workstations, which are personal computers with installed software of used HUB will allow to optimize energy consumption.

scholarly journals Exploiting Solar Thermal Energy in Ammonia Synthesis Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1721-1729
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Energy Is Always Becoming A Key Factor In The Process Of Achieving Any Sort Of Sustainable Development, With Respect To The Drastic Increase In The Global Energy Consumption Throughout The Past Few Decades, Accompanied With The Well-Established Relation Between The Technological Advancement And The Patterns Of Energy Consumption (1). Abundant As Well As Cheap Energy Resources Have Always Fueled The Growth And Development Of Modern Societies. Furthermore, Maintaining A Sustainable Yet Secured Source Of Energy Is Always A Crucial Challenge Nowadays In Order To Achieve Sustainability On All Levels, Economic, Social And Environmental. Medium Temperatures Applications Of Solar Thermal Practices Have Undergone A Remarkable Interest Recently In Various Industrial Sectors. Solar Concentrating Systems Could Properly Serve In Applications And Practices With Temperature Ranges From 85 To 250°C, Taking Their Sun Light Focusing Characteristic And High Thermal And Optical Performance As An Advantage(2). This Research Paper Introduces A System For Solar Energy Heating That Could Be Utilized For Heating Applications And Practices Inside The Oil And Gas Industry. First, The Proper Selection Of The Appropriate Solar System That Could Be Used In Such Applications Was Performed. A Full Analysis Has Been Held On Four Different Mathematical Models In Order To Predict The Optical Efficacy And Thermal Losses For The Selected System, Afterwards The Predictions Are Modeled Using Computer Software For A Comparison With Respect To These Prediction And Numerical Data, Also A Practical Comparison Took Place Using Real Input Data From Experimental And Actual Solar Plants. After That, We Took The Approach To Make Good Use Of Solar Thermal Applications, After Selecting The Most Appropriate Solar Thermal Concentrators, Which Is Parabolic Trough Collectors (Ptc), To Increase The Process Gas Feed Temperature Before Entering The Primary Reformer Reactor In Ammonia Synthesis Plant. The Energy Assessment For The Ammonia Plant, The Engineering, Sizing And Simulation Cases And The Economic Study For The Project Showed A Remarkable Return On Investment.

Plug and Abandonment for Gas Wells: A Case Study from Baghjan Oilfield, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishabh Bharadwaj ◽  
Bhavya Kumari ◽  
Astha Patel
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Sodium Formate ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Casing Pressure

Abstract The economic end of the life-cycle of a well is dynamic and it varies with the oil & gas market conditions and advances in extraction technologies. If production declines or the need for a workover arises, plugging and abandonment operations are followed. In case the wellsite has encountered accidental releases, systematic abandonment and remediation becomes even more crucial to avoid further environmental damage and capital investment. This paper analyzes the Baghjan oilfield blowout of the Assam-Arakan basin and provides abandonment practices for gas wells. The mobile workover rig was stationed at the Baghjan Well-5 with the aim to plug the lower producing zone at 3871 m and complete the well in the upper Lakadong+Therria sand at a depth of 3739 m. Baghjan Gas Well No.5 blew during the temporary abandonment which was planned to mitigate the leakage in the wellhead. Improper depth for the placement of cement plug, failure to check the plug integrity, and shortcomings in the regular inspection of annular casing pressure led to the well control situation at the Baghjan gas well. While pulling out the tubing conveyed perforation gun after perforating the Lakadong+Therria I+II sand, Shut-In Tubing Pressure of 4400 psi and 3900 psi Shut-In Casing Pressure was observed which indicated a leak in the Tubing Seal Assembly. The well was killed with a 9.76 lbm/gal sodium formate brine and in the middle of pulling the tubing, leakage in the W.F. Spool was identified which changed the priority of the operations. Therefore, a temporary abandonment operation was planned to mitigate the leakage problem in the primary and secondary seals, during which the well started flowing gas profusely after nipple-down of the blowout preventer. The shortcomings of the abandonment process can be conquered by the selection of an appropriate isolation material such as resin-based sealants or bismuth and thermite, which shall act as a primary barrier and provide enhanced zonal isolation. The isolation material should mitigate micro-fractures, minimize treatment volume and fluid loss, provide ample pumping time, and not degrade in the presence of wellbore fluids. The study discusses resin-based sealants, cement slurry designs, advances in conventional, unconventional, and rigless abandonment techniques, and suggests the most efficient method for the temporary and permanent abandonment operations to avoid further such incidents in the oil and gas industry.

A Novel Structural Joint With the Potential of Fire-Tolerance Improvement

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Khonsari ◽  
G. L. England ◽  
A. R. Jamshidi-Vismeh ◽  
N. Fattahian
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Structural Joint ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Energy Dissipation

A new innovative ‘universal’ structural joint with multiple applications was devised. The two major conceived contexts for the use of this joint are ‘joining beams to columns,’ and ‘joining diagonal braces to horizontal ones.’ The main features of this joint are its high rotational capacity, its high shear deformation capacity, its high energy-dissipation capacity, its ability to contain damage, and its repalceability. Due to its geometry, it can well lend itself to protection measures against fire, normally practiced by the involving industries. This makes it a good candidate for being used in structures related to oil and gas industry, offshore or onshore. Through numerical modelling of the joint, also using mechanical properties of ‘mild steel,’ one of the best potential materials for the fabrication of the joint, at elevated temperatures, the ‘bending behaviour’ of the joint at various temperatures was studied. Additionally, the effects of using various thermal insulating materials, used for covering the joint, in reducing the temperature of various parts of the joint were investigated. Though not supported by any experiments, all these numerical analyses showed the potential of this joint for presenting improved behaviour during a fire scenario, as a result of using some insulating agents.

scholarly journals IDBR: Iot Enabled Depth Base Routing Method for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Umer Farooq ◽  
Mohib Ullah ◽  
Rafi Ullah Khan ◽  
Abdullah Alharbi ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Network Stability ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Major Application ◽  
Routing Method

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) gained the attention of researchers due to their substantial applications in various fields. The major application areas of UWSN are environmental monitoring, underwater oil and gas extraction and military surveillance, smart farming, communication, and others. However, UWSNs are also prone to significant issues, such as limited network lifetime, the low processing capability of nodes, high energy consumption to run routing protocols, and difficult node replacement. Therefore, enhancing the lifetime of UWSN by reducing energy consumption and processing is a research issue. In this research, we proposed the IoT enabled depth base routing method (IDBR) to utilize energy efficiently. The performance of the proposed IDBR method is compared with conventional DBR protocol using simulation conducting in MATLAB. The performance of both the methods (i.e., IDBR and DBR) is evaluated in network energy consumption, the number of alive nodes, sink utilization, and end-to-end delay. The simulation-based experiment results show that IDBR consumes 27.7% less energy and increases network stability than the DBR. Similarly, the utilization of the surface sinks in IDBR is more as compared to DBR as in IDBR, and sinks work as relay forward data to the base station without processing which increases the power of field nodes. The proposed mechanism improves the network’s lifetime and increases the accessibility and security of the sensed data.

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