scholarly journals Exploiting Solar Thermal Energy in Ammonia Synthesis Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1721-1729
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Energy Is Always Becoming A Key Factor In The Process Of Achieving Any Sort Of Sustainable Development, With Respect To The Drastic Increase In The Global Energy Consumption Throughout The Past Few Decades, Accompanied With The Well-Established Relation Between The Technological Advancement And The Patterns Of Energy Consumption (1). Abundant As Well As Cheap Energy Resources Have Always Fueled The Growth And Development Of Modern Societies. Furthermore, Maintaining A Sustainable Yet Secured Source Of Energy Is Always A Crucial Challenge Nowadays In Order To Achieve Sustainability On All Levels, Economic, Social And Environmental. Medium Temperatures Applications Of Solar Thermal Practices Have Undergone A Remarkable Interest Recently In Various Industrial Sectors. Solar Concentrating Systems Could Properly Serve In Applications And Practices With Temperature Ranges From 85 To 250°C, Taking Their Sun Light Focusing Characteristic And High Thermal And Optical Performance As An Advantage(2). This Research Paper Introduces A System For Solar Energy Heating That Could Be Utilized For Heating Applications And Practices Inside The Oil And Gas Industry. First, The Proper Selection Of The Appropriate Solar System That Could Be Used In Such Applications Was Performed. A Full Analysis Has Been Held On Four Different Mathematical Models In Order To Predict The Optical Efficacy And Thermal Losses For The Selected System, Afterwards The Predictions Are Modeled Using Computer Software For A Comparison With Respect To These Prediction And Numerical Data, Also A Practical Comparison Took Place Using Real Input Data From Experimental And Actual Solar Plants. After That, We Took The Approach To Make Good Use Of Solar Thermal Applications, After Selecting The Most Appropriate Solar Thermal Concentrators, Which Is Parabolic Trough Collectors (Ptc), To Increase The Process Gas Feed Temperature Before Entering The Primary Reformer Reactor In Ammonia Synthesis Plant. The Energy Assessment For The Ammonia Plant, The Engineering, Sizing And Simulation Cases And The Economic Study For The Project Showed A Remarkable Return On Investment.

Centrifugal Gas Compressors Energy Optimization Initiatives: A Way to Save Valuable Energy at Upstream Operation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdo Alwani ◽  
Mohammed Ahmad Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Saving Energy ◽  
Discharge Pressure

Abstract The objective of this paper is to showcase successful and innovative means and techniques to improve and enhance centrifugal gas compressors (CGCs) performance, using methods to minimize power consumption, with no need for capital investment. These techniques will assure, if effectively followed, considerable reduction of the consumed energy. CGCs are the most widely used equipment in the oil and gas industry to boost gas, mainly hydrocarbons, to satisfy process treatments and pipeline requirements. In addition, CGCs are one of the major energy consumers, and therefore present an exceptional opportunity for saving energy. Focusing on lowering inlet gas temperatures, considering suction throttling of discharge pressure instead of the traditional discharge throttling, will help to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, a detailed analysis of factors aggravate or lead to undesired CGCs performance will be discussed along with solutions to minimize adverse impact. For example, operating the gas compressors at relatively high inlet temperature will result in higher energy consumption. After performing need analysis, results prove that we would save 3-7% of running compressors consumed energy. In addition, during compressor design phase, it was found that most motor driven compressor system uses discharge throttling, which incurs high-energy consumption. Instead, it is recommended to consider suction throttling to control discharge pressure, as will be explained. This paper will focus on a detailed case study in one of the running CGCs in an upstream gas-oil separation plant (GOSP-A). This paper proves the effectiveness of the proposed techniques in reinstating the CGCs in GOSP-A, to ensure better performance and save energy. This innovative technique is based on extensive process data analysis — evaluating operating, design data, related performance curves, and reviewing international standards. It will be illustrated that this type of analysis and techniques is a valuable tool for saving energy, in most cases, at oil and gas industries

scholarly journals A Pilot Study on Machining Difficult-to-Cut Materials with the Use of Tools Fabricated by SLS Technology

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5306
Author(s):  
Mariusz Deja ◽  
Dawid Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Abrasive Machining ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Prototype Tool ◽  
Process Factors

The growing use of contemporary materials in various industrial sectors, such as aerospace, automotive, as well as the oil and gas industry, requires appropriate machining methods and tools. Currently, apart from the necessity to obtain high-dimensional and shape accuracy, the efficiency and economic aspects of the selected manufacturing process are equally important, especially when difficult-to-cut materials, such as hard and brittle ceramics, have to be machined. In the research presented in this paper, a prototype tool fabricated from polyamide powder by the SLS method was used in flat-lapping of Al2O3 ceramics, showing the promising potential and efficacy of rapid tooling and manufacturing in the area of abrasive machining. The influence of the selected input process factors, such as machining time, the type of abrasive suspension, kinematic parameters, and unit pressure, on technological effects, was analyzed. The microscopic observations of the active surface of the prototype tool showed its reinforcement with loose diamond abrasive particles (size D107), resulting in the effective material removal and improved surface finish of Al2O3 ceramic samples. The directions for further development of tools fabricated by the SLS method for applications in abrasive machining were also envisaged by the authors.

Comparative Analysis of Solar Thermal Cooling and Solar Photovoltaic Cooling Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fumo ◽  
V. Bortone ◽  
J. C. Zambrano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Solar Thermal Cooling ◽  
Thermal Cooling

The Energy Information Administration of the United States Department of Energy projects that more than 80% of the energy consumption of the U.S. by 2035 will come from fossil fuels. This projection should be the fuel to promote projects related to renewable energy in order to reduce energy consumption from fossil fuels to avoid their undesirable consequences such as carbon dioxide emissions. Since solar radiation match pretty well building cooling demands, solar cooling systems will be an important factor in the next decades to meet or exceed the green gases reduction that will be demanded by the society and regulations in order to mitigate environmental consequences such as global warming. Solar energy can be used as source of energy to produce cooling through different technologies. Solar thermal energy applies to technology such as absorption chillers and desiccant cooling, while electricity from solar photovoltaic can be used to drive vapor compression electric chillers. This study focuses on the comparison of a Solar Thermal Cooling System that uses an absorption chiller driven by solar thermal energy, and a Solar Photovoltaic Cooling System that uses a vapor compression system (electric chiller) driven by solar electricity (solar photovoltaic system). Both solar cooling systems are compared against a standard air cooled cooling system that uses electricity from the grid. The models used in the simulations to obtain the results are described in the paper along with the parameters (inputs) used. Results are presented in two figures. Each figure has one curve for the Solar Thermal Cooling System and one for the Solar Photovoltaic Cooling System. One figure allows estimation of savings calculated based the net present value of energy consumption cost. The other figure allows estimating primary energy consumption reduction and emissions reduction. Both figures presents the result per ton of refrigeration and as a function of area of solar collectors or/and area of photovoltaic modules. This approach to present the result of the simulations of the systems makes these figures quite general. This means that the results can be used to compare both solar cooling systems independently of the cooling demand (capacity of the system), as well as allow the analysis for different sizes of the solar system used to harvest the solar energy (collectors or photovoltaic modules).

High-Speed Permanent-Magnet Motors for the Oil and Gas Industry

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Weeber ◽  
C. Stephens ◽  
J. Vandam ◽  
A. Gravame ◽  
J. Yagielski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Induction Machines ◽  
Permanent Magnet Motors ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Process Gas

Recent years have seen an increase in high-speed electric compression for Oil & Gas applications where high-speed electric motors drive compressors directly without intermediate gears. To date induction machines have been the predominant workhorse of the industry. The permanent-magnet machine technology provides an alternative that promises a highly reliable and robust system design, especially in applications where motor and compressor are fully integrated and share the same process gas environment. This paper provides an update on the recent progress in developing the permanent magnet technology for Oil & Gas applications in which the process gas may contain corrosive elements.

scholarly journals Cost-Benefit Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal Collectors in a Nearly Zero-Energy Building

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conti ◽  
Schito ◽  
Testi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Zero Energy

This paper analyzes the use of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collectors in nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEBs). We present a design methodology based on the dynamic simulation of the whole energy system, which includes the building energy demand, a reversible heat pump as generator, the thermal storage, the power exchange with the grid, and both thermal and electrical energy production by solar collectors. An exhaustive search of the best equipment sizing and design is performed to minimize both the total costs and the non-renewable primary energy consumption over the system lifetime. The results show that photovoltaic/thermal technology reduces the non-renewable primary energy consumption below the nearly zero-energy threshold value, assumed as 15 kWh/(m2·yr), also reducing the total costs with respect to a non-solar solution (up to 8%). As expected, several possible optimal designs exist, with an opposite trend between energy savings and total costs. In all these optimal configurations, we figure out that photovoltaic/thermal technology favors the production of electrical energy with respect to the thermal one, which mainly occurs during the summer to meet the domestic hot water requirements and lower the temperature of the collectors. Finally, we show that, for a given solar area, photovoltaic/thermal technology leads to a higher reduction of the non-renewable primary energy and to a higher production of solar thermal energy with respect to a traditional separate production employing photovoltaic (PV) modules and solar thermal (ST) collectors.

scholarly journals Using Hybrid Machine Learning Methods to Predict and Improve the Energy Consumption Efficiency in Oil and Gas Fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Yidong Guo ◽  
Xiangyang Zhang ◽  
Zhanbao Fu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Energy Consumption Prediction ◽  
Consumption Prediction

Oil and gas will remain essential to global economic development and prosperity for decades to come, and the oil and gas industry is an energy-intensive industry. Thus, enhancing energy efficiency for producing oil and gas in oil and gas companies is an important issue. The intelligent energy consumption prediction method with the ability to analyze energy consumption patterns and to identify targets for energy saving proved itself as an effective approach for energy efficiency in many industrial domains. Moreover, prediction of energy consumption enables managers to scientifically plan out the energy usage of energy production and to shift energy usage to off-peak periods. However, it still remains a challenging issue to some degree with the unpredictability and uncertainty caused by various energy consumption behaviors, and this phenomenon is becoming more obvious in the oil and gas company. To this end, in our work, we primarily discussed the forecasting of the energy consumption in the oil and gas company. Firstly, four different forecasting models, support vector machine, linear regression, extreme learning machine, and artificial neural network, were trained on the training dataset and then evaluated by the test dataset. Secondly, in order to enhance the energy consumption prediction accuracy, the combinations of all these four models were examined with the RMSE value by taking the average of two models’ outputs. The outcomes show that these four different models are able to predict energy consumption with good accuracy, but the hybrid model—artificial neural network and extreme learning machine—would present higher accuracy. In addition, the hybrid model is installed in the energy management system of the oil and gas industry to manage oil field energy consumption and improve the efficiency.

scholarly journals Solar Thermal Energy For Buildings – Current State and Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Bajc ◽  
◽  
Milan Gojak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
System Power

Almost 50% of final energy consumption in Europe and worldwide is addressed to thermal energy, which is significantly higher than energy needs for electricity for lighting and electrical appliances and for traffic. Building sector takes a significant share (about 40 %) in total primary energy consumption. Limited amounts of fossil fuels, their negative impact on environment, high and unstable prices and import dependency of fuels caused intensive growth and usage of solar thermal energy in the world. Solar heating and cooling are the most important solar sector worldwide, where installed solar system power is about 500 GWth and it is higher than PV system power and also the power of solar thermal plants. Today, according to the total installed collector capacity, China dominates on first place, then Europe, while United States comes right after, according to the SHC Agency data for 2016. With a district solar thermal plant in municipality Pančevo, Republic of Serbia also has its place at a world solar thermal map. This paper presents a review of different sizes, number, installed power and types of solar collectors and other characteristics of built solar thermal systems worldwide. Potential for possible usage of solar thermal system was identified and technological and other challenges and perspectives for future growth in the field of solar thermal energy were discussed.

Potential of Solar Thermal Energy for CCHP Systems

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Fumo ◽  
Louay M. Chamra ◽  
Vicente Bortone
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy

Integrated energy systems combine distributed power generation with thermally activated components to use waste heat, improving the overall energy efficiency, and making better use of fuels. Use of solar thermal energy is attractive to improve combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems performance, particularly during summer time since the cooling load coincides very well with solar energy availability. Limitation of the use of solar systems is mainly related to high first cost and large surface area for solar energy harvesting. Therefore, solar thermal CCHP systems seem to be an alternative to increase the use of solar thermal energy as a means to increase energy systems overall efficiency and reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. This study focuses on the use of solar collectors in CCHP systems in order to reduce PEC and emission of CO2 in office buildings. By using a base CCHP system, the energy and economic analysis are presented as the contribution of the solar system from the baseline. For comparison purposes, the analysis is made for the cities of Minneapolis (MN), Chicago (IL), New York (NY), Atlanta (GA), and Fort Worth (TX). Results show that solar thermal CCHP systems can effectively reduce the fuel energy consumption from the boiler. The potential of solar collectors in CCHP systems to reduce PEC and CO2 emission increases with the cooling demand; while the effectiveness of solar collectors to reduce primary energy consumption and CO2 emission, and the ability of the system to pay by itself from fuel savings, decreases with the number of solar collectors.

scholarly journals Canadian Oil Sands Extraction and Upgrading: A Synthesis of the Data on Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions, and Supply Costs

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6374
Author(s):  
Rui Xing ◽  
Diego V. Chiappori ◽  
Evan J. Arbuckle ◽  
Matthew T. Binsted ◽  
Evan G. R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Supply Costs

As Canadian crude bitumen production from oil sands has increased in recent decades, the nation’s oil and gas industry has become a significant contributor to national greenhouse gas emissions. Canada has developed carbon emission reduction targets to meet its Nationally Determined Contributions and Mid-Century Strategy goals. A detailed profile of energy consumption pathways in the oil sands industry is necessary to identify potential areas of improvement and to monitor progress toward meeting emissions reduction targets. Much of the existing literature for oil sands modeling provides input assumptions with different technological boundaries. For a set of oil sands extraction and upgrading technologies, this study first reviews the literature and then quantifies energy input requirements, CO2 emissions, and operating costs for a set of consistent technological boundaries and energy units. Summary results refer to requirements and costs at the production facility, excluding transportation and blending costs. An energy system diagram of oil sands production that matches these boundaries is provided, which can be used by integrated assessment models, oil sands companies, and government ministries to evaluate the present and future energy consumption and emissions pathways of the oil sands industry.

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