A Novel Epoxy Resin Composition as a Lost Circulation Material: Formulation, Lab Testing and Field Execution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawlah Alanqari ◽  
Vikrant Wagle ◽  
Abdullah Al-Yami ◽  
Ali Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Material Formulation ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Gelling Time ◽  
Chemical Activator

Abstract The novel resin composition described in this paper has been designed to treat moderate to severe losses. The resin composition comprises an epoxy resin and a chemical activator that undergo a polymerization reaction without any addition of water. The polymerization was designed to delay and successfully controlled to gel up and form the target resin composition after the fluid goes inside the wellbore. This is very important to avoid early setting of the fluid. The objective of this paper is to discuss the formulation of epoxy resin as a lost circulation material and also detail the lab testing and field execution. In this study, we used two different epoxy resins to study the development of the novel loss circulation material. One contains two epoxy groups and the other contains only one epoxy group. Two different chemical activators have been used in this study as well; each of them differs in the number of amine groups and geometry. The effect of these differences on the polymerization in terms of time and properties were investigated. In addition, the effect of the chemical activator concertation on the setting time of the resin composition was investigated to accomplish a controlled and a delayed polymerization. Also, the chemical conditions were evaluated to simulate a variety of downhole conditions to prove the effectiveness of this novel resin composition as a loss circulation treatment. The lab testing includes thickening time measurements. The novel resin composition is designed to have a controlled thickening time under a variety of downhole conditions. This is important to have an accurate placement of the fluid inside the wellbore; thus, avoiding an early setting of the fluid. We found that the thickening time of the resin composition can be controlled by mainly varying the concertation of the chemical activator. We found as well that changing the type of epoxy resin or chemical activator produce different gelling time and properties. We designed the loss circulation composition to provide a predictable and controlled pumping time. This novel resin composition can remain in a liquid phase from a few minutes to several hours based on the desired conditions. This is favorable in order to have an accurate placement of the fluid inside the wellbore over a predictable and controlled period of time. The final and target resin composition, will appear and gel as a solid thereby preventing loss circulation. The resin was pumped from the BHA in a single stage which helped mitigate and reduce the dynamic losses from 260 bbl./hr. to 200 bbl./hr. using only 25 bbls and eventually to zero.

scholarly journals Positive Influence of Liquid Sodium Silicate on the Setting Time, Polymerization, and Strength Development Mechanism of MSWI Bottom Ash Alkali-Activated Mortars

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1927
Author(s):  
Lei Jin ◽  
Guodong Huang ◽  
Yongyu Li ◽  
Xingyu Zhang ◽  
Yongsheng Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Mswi Bottom Ash ◽  
Alkali Activated ◽  
Development Mechanism

Setting time and mechanical properties are key metrics needed to assess the properties of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash alkali-activated samples. This study investigated the solidification law, polymerization, and strength development mechanism in response to NaOH and liquid sodium silicate addition. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to identify the formation rules of polymerization products and the mechanism of the underlying polymerization reaction under different excitation conditions. The results identify a strongly alkaline environment as the key factor for the dissolution of active substances as well as for the formation of polymerization products. The self-condensation reaction of liquid sodium silicate in the supersaturated state (caused by the loss of free water) is the major reason for the rapid coagulation of alkali-activated samples. The combination of both NaOH and liquid sodium silicate achieves the optimal effect, because they play a compatible coupling role.

Applications of a Novel Lost Circulation Additive

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Crack Width ◽  
Leakage Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Leakage Loss ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Well Field ◽  
Complicated Situation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Lost circulation is a complicated situation in the drilling operation, wasting a lot of time and mud during processing. A serious lost circulation can cause hazards, such as sticking, blowout and collapse of well. There are some problems in conventional plugging technology, such as particle size of plugging material does not match crack width, slip of the blocking zone, and weak adhesion of lost circulation additive to the rock, which restricts the success rate of lost circulation operation. Regular and elastic polyhedron structure material compounds elastic variable network plugging material and rigid plugging materials to form a loss circulation materials (LCM)plugging mixture for different leakage speed and crack width affected by stress. Through plugging and HTHP sand bed experiment loss circulation materials(LCM) and amount of gel were optimized and improved. Through indoor simulation about leakage process of different leakage speed and different crack sizes, the on-site construction formula suitable for wells under different temperature is formed and determined. Scanning electron microscope shows the plugging gel has a variable network structure. By changing the ratio of elastic plugging material, rigid plugging material and gel, a LCM plugging formula for high temperature and high pressure formations can be formed to meet the pressure requirement of 7.5MPa. Leakage simulation formed on-site plan under different leakage rate to adapt to 180°C. The novel CPM material has been well-field tested and used for HPHT reservoirs. When the rate of leakage less than 30 m3/h and 30-60 m3/h, success rate of single plugging is more than 95% and rate of leakage greater than 60 m3/h success rate of single plugging beyond 80%. Leakage loss time is more than 80% shorter than conventional plugging techniques.

scholarly journals Development of a Zero-Cement Binder Using Slag, Fly Ash, and Rice Husk Ash with Chemical Activator

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Karim ◽  
M. F. M. Zain ◽  
M. Jamil ◽  
F. C. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Alumina Gel ◽  
Cement Binder ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Chemical Activator

The increasing demand and consumption of cement have necessitated the use of slag, fly ash, rice husk ash (RHA), and so forth as a supplement of cement in concrete construction. The aim of the study is to develop a zero-cement binder (Z-Cem) using slag, fly ash, and RHA combined with chemical activator. NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and KOH were used in varying weights and molar concentrations. Z-Cem was tested for its consistency, setting time, flow, compressive strength, XRD, SEM, and FTIR. The consistency and setting time of the Z-Cem paste increase with increasing RHA content. The Z-Cem mortar requires more superplasticizer to maintain a constant flow of110±5% compared with OPC. The compressive strength of the Z-Cem mortar is significantly influenced by the amounts, types, and molar concentration of the activators. The Z-Cem mortar achieves a compressive strength of 42–44 MPa at 28 days with 5% NaOH or at 2.5 molar concentrations. The FTIR results reveal that molecules in the Z-Cem mortar have a silica-hydrate (Si-H) bond with sodium or other inorganic metals (i.e., sodium/calcium-silica-hydrate-alumina gel). Therefore, Z-Cem could be developed using the aforementioned materials with the chemical activator.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of novel naphthyl epoxy resin containing 4-fluorobenzoyl side chains for low-k dielectrics application

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (85) ◽  
pp. 53970-53976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyi Na ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Chengji Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lower Dielectric Constant ◽  
Low K

The novel naphthyl epoxy resin was synthesized and cured with MeHHPA. It showed significantly lower dielectric constant and dielectric loss than other commercial epoxy resins due to the introduction of fluorine on the side chains.

Epoxy Modified with TDI to Cure Active Hydrogen Groups: Synthesis and Characterization

2012 ◽  
Vol 531 ◽  
pp. 511-515
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Liu ◽  
Jing Jing Xu ◽  
Yan Lan Qin ◽  
Ju Sheng Zhang ◽  
Qian Lan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Active Hydrogen

Study on isocyanate-terminated prepolymer prepared by the reaction of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) with the hydroxy of epoxy resin. By the characteristics that isocyanate-group reacts with active hydrogen groups easily, the prepolymer could be as a curing agent for substance with active hydrogen groups like coal tar. IR spectra showed that the modification was achieved by cross-linking the hydroxy of epoxy resin and the isocyanate of TDI, but epoxy group had no change. In self-made coal tar coatings, the remaining isocyanate-groups played a curing agent role linking coal tar and epoxy resin. Tafel test showed the films with prepolymer was more corrosion resistance, combined the characteristics of the epoxy resin and coal tar.

Chitin Nanofibers / Epoxy Resin Optically Transparent Nanocomposite Films

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 1479-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Shao ◽  
Da Gang Li ◽  
Ai Jun Li ◽  
Wen Biao Gu
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Flexible Displays ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Chitin Nanofibers

Chitin nanofibers were prepared from prawn shell by a simple mechanical treatment after the removal of proteins and minerals. Since the exoskeleton of prawn is made up of a finer structure nano-fibrillation of prawn shell is easy, which allows chitin nanofibers to be prepared under neutral pH conditions. The obtained nanofibers were observed by FE-SEM and found to have a uniform width of approximately 20-40nm and high aspect ratio that more than 1000. Due to the size effect of the chitin nanofibers, the nanocomposite films had high transparency that the chitin nanofibers/epoxy resin nanocomposite transmitted 85.2% of light compared to the light transmittance of pure epoxy resin（91%）and the light transmittance of pure chitin nanofibers sheet (70.1%) at a visible wavelength of 600nm. In the study the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) from 20 to 160°C of the epoxy resin sheet was measured to be 170 ppm/K. By adding 40 wt% of chitin nanofibers, the CTE of the epoxy resin dropped to 22 ppm/K, approximately 1/8th of its original value. The novel material is a candidate for transparent substrates in the manufacturing optoelectronic devices such as flexible displays and solar cells.

scholarly journals Thermal Stability, Smoke Density, and Flame Retardance of Ecotype Bio-Based Flame Retardant Agricultural Waste Bagasse/Epoxy Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2977
Author(s):  
Shang-Hao Liu ◽  
Cing-Yu Ke ◽  
Chin-Lung Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Interpenetrating Network ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Pure Epoxy ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction

In the study, agricultural waste bagasse was used as a bio-based flame retardant for reducing the flammability of epoxy. Specifically, an interpenetrating network (IPN) was formed through a ring opening reaction between the hydroxyl functional group of bagasse and the epoxy group of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), forming Bagasse@TGIC. Next, 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) was mixed with Bagasse@TGIC, inducing a reaction between the active hydrogen of DOPO and the epoxy group of TGIC, ultimately forming Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO with an IPN structure. Finally, the novel flame retardant was added to epoxy to create a composite. The integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) of pure epoxy is 619 °C; after the introduction of the 30 wt% flame retardant, the IPDT of the resultant composite material increased to 799 °C, greatly increasing the thermal stability by 29%. After the addition of the Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO flame retardant, the limiting oxygen index increased from 21% for the pure epoxy to 29% for the composite, and the UL-94 rating improved from failing rating for the pure epoxy and V-0 rating for the composite. The Raman spectrum indicated that the addition of Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO IPN substantially increased the biochar yield during the burning process, increasing thermal stability. These results confirmed that the epoxy/Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO composite had substantial flame retarding effects.

LATAR DALAM NOVEL KURA-KURA BERJANGGUT KARYA AZHARI AIYUB

TELAGA BAHASA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Setting Time ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub depicts a setting that can be used as knowledge related to life in ancient times such as place, time and social, and life lessons.The purpose of this research is to describe the setting of the novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub. The method used is the descriptive qualitative approach. The research data source is the Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub.  This research is text, phrases, and sentences about the setting of the Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub. Data collection techniques used are library or literature study techniques. Data analysis was performed using descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. This research results showed that were containof three setting in the Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub. First, the most dominant setting is in Teluk Lamuri and Istana Darud Dunya. second, the setting time setting described in the novel without dating and describing the situation. Third, the social setting dominated the typed of attitude and habits to life. Keywords: Intrinsic Element, Setting, Novel                                                   Abstrak Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut karya Azhari Aiyub menggambarkan latar yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pengetahuan terkait kehidupan di masa zaman dahulu seperti tempat, waktu dan sosial, serta pelajaran hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan unsur latar yang terdapat di dalam Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut karya Azhari Aiyub. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut karya Azhari Aiyub. Data penelitian ini adalah teks berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat tentang latar yang terdapat dalam Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut karya Azhari Aiyub. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik pustaka atau studi kepustakaan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik analisis kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terkandung tiga jenis unsur latar dalam Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut karya Azhari Aiyub. Pertama, latar tempat yang paling dominan terdapat di Teluk Lamuri dan Istana Darud Dunya. Kedua, latar waktu digambarkan dalam novel tersebut berupa penanggalan dan penggambaran situasi. Ketiga, latar sosial yang mendominasi berjenis kebiasaan hidup dan bersikap.  The Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub depicts a setting that can be used as knowledge related to life in ancient times such as place, time and social, and life lessons. The purpose of this reasearches are to described the setting of the novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub. The method used is descriptive qualitative approach. The research data source is the Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub.  This research are text, phrass and the sentence about the setting of the Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub. Data collection techniques used are library or literature study techniques. Data analysis was performed using descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. This research results showed that were containof three setting in the Novel Kura-Kura Berjanggut by Azhari Aiyub. First, the most dominant setting is in Teluk Lamuri and Istana Darud Dunya. second, the setting time setting described in the novel without dating and describing the situation. Third, the social setting  that dominated the typed of attitude and habits to life.  

scholarly journals Effects of Functionalized Nano-TiO2 on the Molecular Motion in Epoxy Resin-Based Nanocomposites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Shihang Wang ◽  
Shihu Yu ◽  
Jianying Li ◽  
Shengtao Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Molecular Motion ◽  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Nanocomposite Dielectric

Epoxy resin-based nanocomposites have been widely researched for being potential insulating materials in high voltage power equipment. In this paper, nano-TiO2 particles were chosen and surface-modified by a silane coupling agent containing an epoxy group. The effect of functionalized nano-TiO2 doping on the physical properties of epoxy resin was studied. The results of differential scanning calorimetry show that Tg increased significantly and can be increased by up to 35 °C. Therefore, it is believed that the suppression of molecular motion by the addition of nanofillers works effectively in the case of this functionalized nano-TiO2 and a strong interaction between the epoxy resin and the nano-TiO2 was formed after surface modification. Consequently, dynamic mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and trap characteristics of epoxy resin are all adjusted after introducing functionalized nano-TiO2. All of these physical properties were analyzed from the perspective of suppression of molecular motion, and it is of significance to establish the theory of a nanocomposite dielectric. Besides, the results show that the epoxy/TiO2 nanocomposite is expected to be applied in the insulation system of electrical equipment.

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