Apparatus and Method for Strain Energy Based Resiliency Measurement of Loss Control Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Amanullah ◽  
Raed Alouhali ◽  
Mohammed AlArfaj
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Constant Displacement ◽  
Loss Control

Abstract Loss of circulation is one of the greatest challenges that are frequently encountered while drilling. Various types of LCM products are used by the industry to combat loss of circulation. Characterization of these LCM products is very important to select the most suitable products to improve the success rate of LCM treatment jobs. This paper describes the theoretical basis of the application of strain energy along with the development of a strain energy-based mathematical model to create a dedicated software driven novel method and test apparatus for quick and reliable measurement of the coefficient of resiliency of various LCM products to improve the likelihood and probability of success rate of LCM treatment jobs. The simple but reliable method and apparatus provide a fit-for-purpose solution for additional characterization of LCM products. The design and construction of the test device and the development of the method considered the most critical technical factors that have high impact on data reliability, data accuracy, repeatability and data sensitivity. The components of the test device were selected based on technical, economical, portability and ease of operation using a dedicated software driven method and data acquisition system. Experimental results generated by loading and unloading a particular mass of a LCM product under a constant displacement rate of the loading foot of the test apparatus demonstrated the suitability of the method and the apparatus in determining the coefficient of resiliency of LCM products. Based on the area below the loading curve i.e. the strain energy absorbed during the loading cycle and the area below the unloading curve i.e. the strain energy desorbed during the unloading cycle, the data acquisition software automatically calculates the coefficient of resiliency of the LCM products. The resilient characteristic of LCM products is one of the critical factors that is very important for high performance pill or slurry design to enhance the seal/plug stability. Hence, the newly developed method and apparatus will play a positive role to improve the probability and the likelihood of creating a stable and lasting seal/plug in the loss zones. As loss control materials with good resilient properties are highly adaptable in changing stress and pressure conditions, this method can provide appropriate guidelines to mud chemists, mud engineers and mud consultants in designing high performance LCM blends or slurries to combat moderate and severe loss of circulation.

Preparation and Characterization of NH2-Terminal Fibrinogen Bβ Fragments from N-DSK of Human Fibrinogen

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 016-021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Birken ◽  
G Agosto ◽  
B Lahiri ◽  
R Canfield
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Cnbr Cleavage ◽  
Two Peaks

SummaryIn order to investigate the early release of NH2-terminal plasmic fragments from the Bβ chain of fibrinogen, substantial quantities of Bβ 1-42 and Bβ 1-21 are required as immunogens, as radioimmunoassay standards and for infusion into human volunteers to determine the half-lives of these peptides. Towards this end methods that employ selective proteolytic cleavage of these fragments from fibrinogen have been developed. Both the N-DSK fragment, produced by CNBr cleavage of fibrinogen, and Bβ 1-118 were employed as substrates for plasmin with the finding of higher yields from N-DSK. Bβ 1-42 and Bβ 1-21 were purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex using volatile buffers. When the purified preparation of Bβ 1-42 was chromatographed on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, two peaks of identical amino acid composition were separated, presumably due either to pyroglutamate or to amide differences.

Using computer clusters for processing spatial-temporal data streams in data acquisition systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 935 (5) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
A.A. Maiorov ◽  
A.V. Materuhin ◽  
I.N. Kondaurov
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Cyberphysical Systems ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Computer Clusters ◽  
Data Acquisition Systems ◽  
Essential Components

Geoinformation technologies are now becoming “end-to-end” technologies of the new digital economy. There is a need for solutions for efficient processing of spatial and spatio-temporal data that could be applied in various sectors of this new economy. Such solutions are necessary, for example, for cyberphysical systems. Essential components of cyberphysical systems are high-performance and easy-scalable data acquisition systems based on smart geosensor networks. This article discusses the problem of choosing a software environment for this kind of systems, provides a review and a comparative analysis of various open source software environments designed for large spatial data and spatial-temporal data streams processing in computer clusters. It is shown that the software framework STARK can be used to process spatial-temporal data streams in spatial-temporal data streams. An extension of the STARK class system based on the type system for spatial-temporal data streams developed by one of the authors of this article is proposed. The models and data representations obtained as a result of the proposed expansion can be used not only for processing spatial-temporal data streams in data acquisition systems based on smart geosensor networks, but also for processing spatial-temporal data streams in various purposes geoinformation systems that use processing data in computer clusters.

Preparation and Characterization of the High Molecular Weight [3H]Hyaluronic Acid

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2151-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Chabreček ◽  
Ladislav Šoltés ◽  
Hynek Hradec ◽  
Jiří Filip ◽  
Eduard Orviský
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Labelling Procedure ◽  
Enzymatic Depolymerization

Two methods for the preparation of high molecular weight [3H]hyaluronic acid were investigated. In the first one, hydrogen atoms in the molecule were replaced by tritium. This isotopic substitution was performed in aqueous solution using Pd/CaCO3 as the catalyst. In the second method, the high molecular weight hyaluronic acid was alkylated with [3H]methyl bromide in liquid ammonia at a temperature of -33.5 °C. High-performance gel permeation chromatographic separation method was used for the isolation and characterization of the high molecular weight [3H]hyaluronic acid. Molecular weight parameters for the labelled biopolymers were Mw = 128 kDa, Mw/Mn = 1.88 (first method) and Mw = 268 kDa, Mw/Mn = 1.55 (second method). The high molecular weight [3H]hyaluronic acid having Mw = 268 kDa was degraded further by specific hyaluronidase. Products of the enzymatic depolymerization were observed to be identical for both, labelled and cold biopolymer. This finding indicates that the described labelling procedure using [3H]methyl bromide does not induce any major structural rearrangements in the molecule.

scholarly journals Development and characterization of Nb3Sn/Al2O3 superconducting multilayers for particle accelerators

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Sundahl ◽  
Junki Makita ◽  
Paul B. Welander ◽  
Yi-Feng Su ◽  
Fumitake Kametani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Critical Fields ◽  
Linear Accelerators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Superconducting Radio Frequency

AbstractSuperconducting radio-frequency (SRF) resonator cavities provide extremely high quality factors > 1010 at 1–2 GHz and 2 K in large linear accelerators of high-energy particles. The maximum accelerating field of SRF cavities is limited by penetration of vortices into the superconductor. Present state-of-the-art Nb cavities can withstand up to 50 MV/m accelerating gradients and magnetic fields of 200–240 mT which destroy the low-dissipative Meissner state. Achieving higher accelerating gradients requires superconductors with higher thermodynamic critical fields, of which Nb3Sn has emerged as a leading material for the next generation accelerators. To overcome the problem of low vortex penetration field in Nb3Sn, it has been proposed to coat Nb cavities with thin film Nb3Sn multilayers with dielectric interlayers. Here, we report the growth and multi-technique characterization of stoichiometric Nb3Sn/Al2O3 multilayers with good superconducting and RF properties. We developed an adsorption-controlled growth process by co-sputtering Nb and Sn at high temperatures with a high overpressure of Sn. The cross-sectional scanning electron transmission microscope images show no interdiffusion between Al2O3 and Nb3Sn. Low-field RF measurements suggest that our multilayers have quality factor comparable with cavity-grade Nb at 4.2 K. These results provide a materials platform for the development and optimization of high-performance SIS multilayers which could overcome the intrinsic limits of the Nb cavity technology.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3212
Author(s):  
Noa Miguez ◽  
Peter Kidibule ◽  
Paloma Santos-Moriano ◽  
Antonio O. Ballesteros ◽  
Maria Fernandez-Lobato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Chitin Hydrolysis

Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.

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