A New Wax Removal Empirical Model of Fully Coated Foam Pig

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xuedong Gao ◽  
Qiyu Huang ◽  
Xun Zhang ◽  
Xiangrui Zhu ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Removal Process ◽  
Coating Hardness ◽  
Wax Removal

Summary Wax deposition is one of the most significant challenges for flow assurance. In a conventional pigging operation, a fully coated foam pig is regularly used to mitigate wax deposition. This work attempts to assess, qualitatively and quantitively, the wax removal process of the fully coated foam pig. The experimental results confirm that the wax removal process of the fully coated foam pig includes four phases; namely, the buildup phase, preplug phase, plug phase, and production phase. Moreover, the effects of coating hardness, wax layer thickness, and the shear strength of wax sample on the wax breaking force and the wax removal efficiency are investigated experimentally. It is found that the wax breaking force decreases and the wax removal efficiency increases when the coating hardness is increased. On the basis of the analysis of the experimental results and Buckingham's π theorem, a semitheoretical model is developed to predict the wax removal efficiency of the fully coated foam pig. Furthermore, a force analysis model is used to calculate the wax breaking force by taking the wax removal efficiency model into account. The average relative errors between the calculated and measured results for the wax removal efficiency and the wax breaking force of the fully coated foam pig with 65 Shore A hardness (HA) coating are 24.13 and 31.88%, respectively. Analogous wax removal models for foam pigs of different types can be developed with the research method proposed in this work. Therefore, this research method provides a general strategy for wax removal research in crude oil pigging.

Estimating the wax breaking force and wax removal efficiency of cup pig using orthogonal cutting and slip-line field theory

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 1529-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Li ◽  
Qiyu Huang ◽  
Wenda Wang ◽  
Xue Dong ◽  
Xuedong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Slip Line ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Line Field ◽  
Slip Line Field ◽  
Wax Removal

Performance of Denitrifying Phosphorous Removal Process Employing Nitrite as Electron Acceptor and the Characterization of Dominant Functional Populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 455-456 ◽  
pp. 1019-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xu Bao ◽  
Xi Ping Ma ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Kui Jing ◽  
Man Li Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Removal Process ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

A sequencing batch reactors (SBR) was adopted to investigate the denitrifying phosphorus removal efficiency employing nitrite as electron acceptor under anaerobic/anoxic condition. The experimental results showed that high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency could be obtained under the following conditions: nitrite concentration of 30~40 mg/L, COD concentration of 400 mg/L, pH 8.0±0.2 in anaerobic stage and pH 7.2±0.2 in anoxic stage, sludge retention time (SRT) of 22 days. When the reactor performed steadily, a dominant functional strain was screened from the activated sludge, which has high nitrite and phosphorus removal efficiency. Batch tests results showed that the removal degree of nitrite and phosphorus could reach 99.18% and 84.94% respectively when their concentrations were 20mg/L and 10mg/L. according to the morphology and physio-biochemical characteristics, and the results of 16S rDNA sequencing, it is determined that the strain belongs to the Genus of Sphingobacterium. The experimental results achieved in this study might offer guidance to the development of shortcut denitrifying phosphorus removal process.

The Efficiency of Natural and Electrokinetic Enhanced Migration of Pb in Aquifer

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1098-1101
Author(s):  
Hong Tao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Migration Method ◽  
Variation Rule

The natural and electrokinetic enhanced migration method was studied by the experiments in groundwater contaminated by heavy metal Pb in this work. The experimental results showed that the variation rule of Pb reflected that its migration was weak and the removal efficiency was only 9.30% near the anode in the natural seepage condition, but under the enhanced migration and remediation function, the pollutants could be enriched and removed faster, thus the removal efficiency of Pb was 46.72% near the anode at the end of experiment when the experimental voltage gradient was 0.28V/cm, which made known that this electrokinetic enhanced migration of Pb in contaminated groundwater was more effective method than that of natural seepage migration and enhanced the removal of contaminant in aquifer.

Experimental Study on the Optimal Thickness of Infiltration Media of the CRI System

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1703-1707
Author(s):  
Jun Min Chen ◽  
Xiao Lin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Optimal Thickness ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Anaerobic Zone

Abstract. In order to investigate the optimal thickness of infiltration media in the Constructed Rapid Infiltration System, the artificial soil column is used to simulate the Constructed Rapid Infiltration System, and the CODCr, NH3-N and TN concentrations of the effluent from all the sampling sites are monitored. The experimental results and analysis show that the thickness of infiltration media exerts a significant influence on the CODCr, NH3-N and TN concentration and removal efficiency of the effluent; the CODCr, NH3-N and TN are mainly removed in the 0-1800mm zone of the artificial soil column; the total CODCr removal efficiency increases, as the thickness of infiltration media increases, but the CODCr removal efficiency in the 1800-2200mm zone is very low; the NH3-N and TN removal efficiency reaches the maximum where the thickness of infiltration media is 1800mm; the NH3-N and TN concentration of the effluent from 1800-2200mm zone dose not decrease, but increase 5-8%, due to the assimilation denitrification and amemoniation reaction on the end of the anaerobic zone; in consideration of the effluent quality, efficient biodegradation zone, construction investment, etc. the optimal thickness of infiltration media in CRI system should be 1800mm.

Comparison between slag refining processes for B removal with metallurgical grade silicon and Si–Sn alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowaid Al-khazraji ◽  
Yaqiong Li ◽  
Lifeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Metallurgical Grade Silicon ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
Slag Refining ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Grade Silicon ◽  
Refining Processes

Boron (B) removal by slag refining using CaO–SiO2–CaCl2 was investigated in metallurgical-grade silicon (MG-Si) and 75 wt% Si–Sn alloy. Experiments were conducted at 1500 °C for 15 min. The microstructure was characterized before and after refining. The effects of acid leaching, basicity, and slag/Si mass ratio on B removal were investigated. Experimental results showed that acid leaching had no effect on B removal from MG-Si but had a clear effect on the refined Si–Sn alloy after slag refining. The final B concentration was highly affected by the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio with minimum value, where the content of B was reduced from 18.36 ppmw to 5.5 ppmw at the CaO/SiO2 = 1.2 for MG-Si slag refining and from 18.36 ppmw to 3.7 ppmw at CaO/SiO2 = 1.5 for 75 wt% Si–Sn alloy. Increasing the slag mass ratio by 2:1 mass ratio also increased B removal efficiency by approximately 15–20% more than an increase by 1:1.

Analisis Persepsi Ulama terhadap Pelaksanaan Perbankan Syariah di Kota Semarang

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-250
Author(s):  
Fawwaz Arif Aljabar ◽  
Purbayu Budi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Data Validity

Ulama have an important and influential role to the Muslim societies in Indonesia. Ulama are Muslim scientists who master and well-understand of religious knowledge in Islam. At the present, Ulama also as an important figure who drives economic growth in the community in this case related to Islamic banking which conducts business activities based on sharia principles. The aim of the research is to explore the perception of Ulama towards the implementation of Islamic banking and to analyse the factors that influence the perception of Ulama in Semarang city. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method. Qualitative data is collected by interviewing 3 representatives of Indonesian Muslim organization including Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah and Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) in Semarang city. The data validity technique used is to use the triangulation method and the data collected are analysed by adopting the Miles and Huberman analysis model, which consists of three processes namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. The results showed that the Kiai and Ulama in Semarang city which could be classified from the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) revealed that their perceptions were limited to theories through the Qur’an and Hadits. Different from Muhammadiyah who better understand the implementation of Islamic banking because the representatives from the MUI and Muhammadiyah themselves act as Sharia Supervisory Board.

scholarly journals The Laba Per Saham, Rasio Hutang, Pengembalian Atas Aset dan Suku Bunga Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Wholesale

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 648-661
Author(s):  
Elise Elise ◽  
Mariska Sisilia ◽  
Rina Yustito S ◽  
Cherria Halim
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Earnings Per Share

This study aims to determine the effect of earnings per share, debt ratio, return on assets and interest rates on firm value in whosale companies listed on the IDX in 2014-2018. This research was conducted using an associative research method and a quantitative approach. 17 companies as samples were taken using purposive sampling method. The analysis model uses multiple linear regression equations. The result of the research is that earning per share has no effect on firm value at Whosale companies listed on the IDX. The debt ratio does not affect the firm value of Whosale companies listed on the IDX. Returns on assets have an effect on firm value at Whosale companies listed on the IDX. Interest rates do not affect the firm value of Whosale companies listed on the IDX. Earnings per share, debt ratio, return on assets and interest rates have an effect on firm value at Whosale companies listed on the IDX.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK TIM MANAJEMEN PUNCAK TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA DENGAN KUALITAS AUDIT SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Achmad Zwageri
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Top Management Team ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Analysis Model

The purpose of this study is to analyze; the influence of the characteristics of the top management team on earnings management with audit quality as a moderating variable. The research sample was selected using a purposive method. The research method used is hypothesis testing, and the analysis model of this study uses a moderation regression analysis (MRA). The results showed that the characteristics of top management namely knowledge and tenure had a negative influence on earnings management, and on audit quality as a moderating factor not proven to strengthen its influence on earnings management.

MANFAAT PELAKSANAAN UJI KOMPETENSI PRAMUSAJI UNTUK MENJAMIN KUALITAS PELAYANAN RESTORAN DI KOTA TOMOHON

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Mahdalena Tukunang
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Competency Assessment ◽  
Professional Certification ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Qualitative Research Method

Abstract: The industry or restaurant business in Tomohon City has a very rapid growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the benefits of competency assessment for waiters to ensure the quality of their services while working. The method used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive analysis model. The research was conducted at 10 restaurants in Tomohon City. The results showed that as a reflection or image of the restaurant, it was judged by the visiting guests, which was determined by the competence of the waiter who worked, including the expertise of the waiter in serving customers directly. This is very crucial in giving a good impression or image and giving satisfaction to customers because they feel comfortable. This of course cannot be separated from a competency or knowledge of the profession in providing a table during the service. The results also show the need for competent waiters to have qualifications that are truly recognized in their fields which can be developed through trainings whose credibility is tested and recognized by the Professional Certification Board. Professional certification aims to provide recognition of competencies that have been obtained through learning, training, as well as work experience.

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