Rationalization of Flares at Terminal Island

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tehsin Akhtar ◽  
Bablu Kumar Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Gas Consumption

Abstract This study aims to assess potential opportunities for optimizing the number of flares operated by COMPANY at the Terminal Island with oil and gas processing, storage and export facilities, while considering ongoing and future developments on the island and possible integration with flare network of other downstream Company. The different flare systems cater to flaring requirements of HP, MP and LP systems in oil and gas processing plants at the island. The fundamental drivers for flare systems rationalization study are disadvantages associated with greater number of flares such as: More plot area usage for flares at expense of industrial expansion Increased HSE risks in terms of thermal radiation and dispersion of toxic gases More fuel gas consumption as purge and pilot gas Higher operational and maintenance costs In this study, existing flares at Terminal Island were studied and options were developed for each flare system with the aim of rationalizing the number of flares. These options included demolition of flares, diversion and redistribution of respective flare loads to other flares. Relocation of flares to offshore platforms / reclaimed areas in sea and replacement of elevated flare with enclosed ground flare, which has negligible thermal radiation was also considered. The rationalization options developed for each flare system were evaluated on the basis of factors such as recovered sterile area, reduction in purge gas (Hydrocarbon and Nitrogen) and pilot gas consumption, maintenance cost, operation cost, number of flares and estimated investment as CAPEX (for modification scope). The current and future flare loads were taken into account while developing these options. The flare design capacities, available capacities for accommodating additional flare loads, sterile area freed along with minimization of associated dispersion and thermal radiation effects at ground level after demolition of flares were also considered for generation of suitable rationalization options. A simplified and optimized flaring network at Terminal Island operated by COMPANY was developed by reducing the number of flares based on techno-economic screening, while safeguarding the operational and safety requirements. As concluded from the study, eight (8) nos. of flares occupying significant sterile radii can be demolished out of total fourteen (14) nos. of existing flares. The sterile area recovered (approximately 77,000 m2) as result of flares rationalization is of great value and importance for building new facilities. The land recovered can be used for future developmental projects on the island instead of opting for land reclamation. In addition, COMPANY's objectives to reduce environmental impact, associated HSE risks and thermal radiation intensity at surrounding areas / facilities will also be achieved.

scholarly journals Exergy destruction and losses on four North Sea offshore platforms: A comparative study of the oil and gas processing plants

Energy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Voldsund ◽  
Tuong-Van Nguyen ◽  
Brian Elmegaard ◽  
Ivar S. Ertesvåg ◽  
Audun Røsjorde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Processing Plants

Modified Regeneration Scheme for Energy Efficient Gas Dehydration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haseeb Ali ◽  
Saqib Sajjad
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Gas Consumption

Abstract Molecular Sieve Dehydration units are used for dehydration of natural gas prior to gas processing or transportation. A molecular sieve dehydration system consists of multiple adsorbers which remove water during adsorption cycle until they get saturated with water. Regeneration of a saturated adsorber is performed by passing a hot regeneration gas stream through the adsorber. The hot regeneration gas after passing though the adsorber is then cooled before sending to regeneration gas compression. If an aircooled exchanger is used to cool the hot regeneration gas, heat available in the hot spent regeneration gas ends up in the atmosphere. In this context, an in-house study was performed to examine techno-economic viability of waste heat recovery from the hot spent regeneration gas using a modified regeneration scheme at one of the gas processing sites. The modified scheme involves installation of a new waste heat recovery (WHR) exchanger to exchange the heat available in the hot regeneration gas with regeneration heater's inlet regeneration gas thereby reducing the fuel gas consumption in the regeneration heater as well as power consumption in regeneration gas cooler fans. The study comprised design and operation data collection and analysis followed by assessment of key challenges. The key challenges include performance of the heater in WHR case (i.e. lower fuel gas consumption), space availability for the new WHR exchanger and modifications in the existing system. A thermodynamic model was developed for running various operating scenarios and estimating the WHR potential, including heater's specific fuel gas consumption analysis at varying temperatures, to establish realistic fuel gas savings. Overall, the study has indicated significant energy savings with good financial indicators for the proposed regeneration scheme. It has also showed reduction of peak heat duty of heater & cooler, thus providing an additional advantage of reduced CAPEX for future projects.

Development of an Online Soft Analyzer for the Continuous Analysis of BTEX Emissions from the Furnace of Sulfur Recovery Units

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyadileep Dara ◽  
Salisu Ibrahim ◽  
Abhijeet Raj ◽  
Ibrahim Khan ◽  
Eisa Al Jenaibi
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Soft Sensor ◽  
Sulfur Recovery ◽  
Furnace Temperature ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Reaction Furnace ◽  
Co Emission

Abstract The oxidation of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) in the furnace of SRUs at high temperature is an effective solution to prevent Claus catalyst deactivation in the downstream catalytic converters. However, the existing SRUs do not have the means to monitor BTEX emissions from Claus furnace due to lack of commercial online analyzers in the market. This often leads to excessive temperatures up to 1150 °C in the furnace to ensure BTEX destruction. Such high temperatures increase fuel gas consumption and CO emission and reduce sulfur recovery efficiency. To obtain continuous BTEX indication at the furnace exit, an online BTEX soft sensor model is developed to predict BTEX concentration at furnace exit. Subsequently, this soft sensor will be implemented in one of the SRUs of ADNOC Gas Processing. The BTEX soft sensor has been developed by constructing a compact kinetic model for aromatics destruction in the furnace based on the understanding of BTEX oxidation mechanisms derived using a detailed and well validated kinetic model developed previously. The kinetic model, including its rate parameters were incorporated into Hysys/Sulsim software, where both the reaction furnace and catalytic converters were simulated. The BTEX soft sensor has been validated with plant data from different ADNOC Gas Processing SRU trains under a wide range of feed conditions (particularly, with varying relative concentrations of H2S, CO2, and hydrocarbons in acid gas feed) in order to ensure its robustness and versatile predictive accuracy. The model predicts BTEX emissions from the reaction furnace under a wide range of operating conditions in the furnace with deviation not exceeding +/- 5 ppm. It also predicts the reaction furnace temperature (with a deviation of +/- 5%) and species composition from the furnace exit within a reasonable error margin. Presently, the model is in the process of being deployed in one of the SRUs of ADNO Gas Processing as an online soft sensor, where it can read the feed conditions, predict the BTEX exit concentration and write this value to the DCS. Thus, plant operators can monitor BTEX exit concentration on continuous basis and use it as a reliable basis to lower fuel gas co-firing rate in the furnace to achieve optimum furnace temperature that provide efficient BTEX destruction and low CO emission. The online soft analyzer, when deployed in SRU, will continuously predict BTEX emission from SRU furnace with high accuracy, which cannot be done experimentally in the plant or reliably using most of the existing commercial software. This approach can be used to seek favorable means of optimizing BTEX destruction to enhance sulfur recovery, while decreasing fuel gas consumption and carbon footprint in sulfur recovery units to reduce operating cost.

scholarly journals Wpływ magnesów neodymowych na pomiar paliwa gazowego gazomierzami miechowymi

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Gacek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply Contracts ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Historical Outline ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Neodymium Magnets

The article deals with the problem of illegal fuel gas consumption among individual consumers in households, especially with regard to gas theft using neodymium magnets attached to diaphragm gas meters. First, the author presents a historical outline of the use of neodymium magnets for the purpose of illegal consumption of fuel gas. The current legal status regarding the requirements for gas meters resistance to tampering and the activities of the Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute (INiG – PIB) and Distribution System Operators aimed at eliminating the possibility of illegal gas consumption with the use of neodymium magnets were discussed. Currently possible methods of confirming gas theft using gas meters exposed to the magnetic field of neodymium magnets were presented. Next, the methods of performing at the INiG – PIB laboratory expert examinations of gas meters suspected to be used for illegal gas consumption after their removal from the distribution network were described, and the criteria for assessing these gas meters were given. Based on the expert examinations of gas meters carried out at the Laboratory of Flow Metrology INiG – PIB in the years 2006–2020, a summary of the share of gas meters tampered with the use of neodymium magnets and gas meters with an increased remanence level was presented in relation to performed in a given year expert examinations of gas meters suspected to be used for illegal gas consumption. The methods of counteracting the theft of fuel gas with diaphragm gas meters tampered with the use of neodymium magnets were shown. It has been proved that at present the EC type examination certificate (MID Directive) and the certificate of compliance with the requirements of EN 1359 or OIML R 137-1 & 2 specification do not confirm gas meters resistance to gas theft involving the use of a strong magnetic field. Requirements for new diaphragm gas meters in terms of their resistance to neodymium magnets were presented, and updated criteria for the evaluation of the test results of gas meters exposed to these magnets were given. Finally, a conclusion was proposed regarding the necessity to include provisions on the resistance of diaphragm gas meters to magnetic field in the relevant normative documents for gas meters in order to provide a systemic safeguard for the parties to fuel gas supply contracts.

A method of technical diagnostics for offshore structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Do Son
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Local Destruction

This paper describes the results of measurements and analysis of the parameters, characterizing technical state of offshore platforms in Vietnam Sea. Based on decreasing in time material characteristics because of corrosion and local destruction assessment on residual life time of platforms is given and variants for its repair are recommended. The results allowed to confirm advantage of proposed technical diagnostic method in comparison with others and have been used for oil and gas platform of Joint Venture "Vietsovpetro" in South Vietnam.

EXPERIENCE, PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND TURKMENISTAN IN THE FIELDOF NATURAL GAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 323-329
Author(s):  
Y. JIA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Industrial Chain ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption

Since 2007, the use of natural gas in China depends on the import, and with an increase in natural gas consumption, gas imports are also constantly growing. In 2018, Chinas natural gas imports approached 100 billion cubic meters, which is 70 times more than in 2006. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the use of natural gas in China. Turkmenistan is Chinas main source of pipeline gas imports, and China is Turkmenistans largest exporter of natural gas. In the framework of the traditional model of oil and gas cooperation, China and Turkmenistan are facing such problems as the uniform content of cooperation, lack of close ties in the field of multilateral cooperation and slow progress in the development of the entire industrial chain. Cooperation between China and Central Asia in the field of oil and gas is increasingly affecting the nerves of other countries, except the five countries of Central Asia, but including Russia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iran and other countries of the Middle East, Japan, South Korea, etc. and even the European Union and the USA. Despite the favorable trading environment for both parties, there are also problems in the domestic market of Turkmenistan and the risks of international competition.

Chemical reaction and thermal radiation effects on magnetohydrodynamics flow of Casson–Williamson nanofluid over a porous stretching surface

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110253
Author(s):  
Pooja P Humane ◽  
Vishwambhar S Patil ◽  
Amar B Patil
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Parameter ◽  
Stretching Surface ◽  
Injection Parameter ◽  
Chemical Reaction Parameter ◽  
Porous Stretching Surface

The flow of Casson–Williamson fluid on a stretching surface is considered for the study. The movement of fluid is examined under the effect of external magnetic field, thermal radiation and chemical consequences. The model is formed by considering all the physical aspects responsible for the physical mechanism. The formed mathematical model (partial differential equation) is numerically solved after transforming it into an ordinary one (ordinary differential equation) via similarity invariants. The physical mechanism for velocity, temperature, and concentration is examined through the associated parameters like radiation index, Williamson and Casson parameter, suction/injection parameter, porosity index, and chemical reaction parameter.

Control System Design of the Vehicle Mounted Hammer Source Based on PLC

2012 ◽  
Vol 619 ◽  
pp. 302-305
Author(s):  
Hong Yan Wang ◽  
Wen Sheng Xiao ◽  
Xiu Juan Lin ◽  
Xian Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
System Design ◽  
Software Design ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Control System Design ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Gas Consumption

Considering the pollution on the environment using dynamite source in oil and gas exploration, harm and damage to people and building, the vehicle mounted hammer source which can replace dynamite source is presented. This paper describes briefly the basic structure and working principles of the vehicle mounted hammer source. A typical pneumatic circuit is researched and designed. And the pneumatic circuit is designed with the powerful functions of PLC, the hardware and software design are introduced. The system has advantages of strong striking force, high velocity, small gas consumption, simple structure and convenient control.

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