scholarly journals BMI Perception:  A potential cheap alternative to objectively measured BMI?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Shiely ◽  
Seán R Millar
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
Objectively Measured

Abstract Background Accurately measuring BMI in large epidemiological studies is problematic as objective measurements are expensive, so subjective methodologies must usually suffice. A number of subjective methodologies have been shown to be inaccurate, resulting in misclassification to a lower BMI category and a subsequent underestimation of obesity prevalence. The purpose of this study is to explore a new subjective method of measuring BMI, BMI perception. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of the Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen study, a random sample of 1 354 men and women aged 51–77 years recruited from a single primary care centre. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. BMI perception was measured by asking “Do you think you are underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese?” Weight and height were also objectively measured. Results 79% of the cohort were overweight or obese: 86% of males, 69% of females, P<0.001. The sensitivity for correct BMI perception for normal weight, overweight and obese was 77%, 61% and 11% respectively. 59% of overweight/obese participants underestimated their BMI. In multivariable analysis, gender, higher education levels, being told by a health professional to lose weight, and being on a diet were significantly associated with correct BMI perception. There was a linear trend relationship between increasing BMI levels and correct perception of BMI; participants in the highest BMI quartile had an approximate eight-fold increased odds of correctly perceiving their BMI when compared to participants within the lower overweight/obese quartiles (OR=7.72, 95% CI: 4.59, 12.98). Conclusions BMI perception as a subjective measurement of BMI has the potential to be an important measurement tool in large epidemiological studies. Clinicians need to be aware of disparities between BMI perception at the higher and lower BMI levels among overweight/obese patients and encourage preventative action for those at the lower levels to avoid weight gain and thus reduce their all-cause mortality risk.

scholarly journals BMI self-selection: Exploring alternatives to self-reported BMI

2021 ◽  
pp. 263208432110100
Author(s):  
Frances Shiely ◽  
Seán R Millar
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background Accurately measuring BMI in large epidemiological studies is problematic as objective measurements are expensive, so subjective methodologies must usually suffice. The purpose of this study is to explore a new subjective method of BMI measurement: BMI self-selection. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of the Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen study, a random sample of 1,354 men and women aged 51–77 years recruited from a single primary care centre. BMI self-selection was measured by asking patients to select their BMI category: underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese. Weight and height were also objectively measured. Results 79% were overweight or obese: 86% of males, 69% of females (P < 0.001) and 59% of these underestimated their BMI. The sensitivity for correct BMI self-selection for normal weight, overweight and obese was 77%, 61% and 11% respectively. In multivariable analysis, gender, higher education levels, being told by a health professional to lose weight, and being on a diet were significantly associated with correct BMI self-selection. There was a linear trend relationship between increasing BMI levels and correct selection of BMI; participants in the highest BMI quartile had an approximate eight-fold increased odds of correctly selecting their BMI when compared to participants within the lower overweight/obese quartiles (OR = 7.72, 95%CI:4.59, 12.98). Conclusions BMI self-selection may be useful for self-reporting BMI. Clinicians need to be aware of disparities between BMI self-selection at higher and lower BMI levels among overweight/obese patients and encourage preventative action for those at the lower levels to avoid weight gain and thus reduce their all-cause mortality risk.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and nitric oxide are increased in obese children and correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liane Correia-Costa ◽  
Teresa Sousa ◽  
Manuela Morato ◽  
Dina Cosme ◽  
Joana Afonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
No Production ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractOxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) appear to represent important links between obesity and cardiovascular, metabolic and/or renal disease. We investigated whether oxidative stress and NO production/metabolism are increased in overweight and obese prepubertal children and correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of 313 children aged 8–9 years. Anthropometrics, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), insulin resistance (homoeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR)), inflammatory/metabolic biomarkers, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma and urinary isoprostanes (P-Isop, U-Isop), urinary hydrogen peroxide (U-H2O2), and plasma and urinary nitrates and nitrites (P-NOx, U-NOx) were compared among normal weight, overweight and obese groups, according to WHO BMI z-score reference. U-Isop were increased in the obese group, whereas U-NOx were increased in both overweight and obese children. U-Isop were positively correlated with U-H2O2, myeloperoxidase (MPO), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR and TAG. TAS correlated negatively with U-Isop and MPO and positively with PWV. HOMA-IR and U-H2O2 were associated with higher U-Isop, independently of BMI and eGFR, and total cholesterol and U-H2O2 were associated with U-NOx, independently of BMI, eGFR values and P-NOx concentration. In overweight and obese children, eGFR decreased across P-NOx tertiles (median: 139·3 (25th, 75th percentile 128·0, 146·5), 128·0 (25th, 75th percentile 121·5, 140·4), 129·5 (25th, 75th percentile 119·4, 138·3), Pfor linear trend=0·003). We conclude that oxidant status and NO are increased in relation to fat accumulation and, even in young children, they translate into higher values of cardiometabolic risk markers and affect renal function.

scholarly journals High plasma salivary α-amylase, but not high AMY1 copy number, associated with low obesity rate in Qatari adults: cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neyla Al-Akl ◽  
Richard I. Thompson ◽  
Abdelilah Arredouani
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between salivary α-amylase activity (psAAa) or AMY1 copy number and the risk of obesity remains controversial. We aimed to assess this relationship in a cohort from Qatar, where obesity affects 43% of adults. The relationship was investigated cross-sectionally in 923 Qatari adults from the Qatar biobank cohort. AMY1 CN was estimated form whole genome sequencing data. The associations with obesity prevalence were assessed by linear and logistic regressions. We found no difference in AMY1 CN between obese and normal-weight individuals. However, the psAAa was significantly lower in obese individuals. Significant inverse correlations were found between adiposity markers and psAAa in both sexes, but were marginally stronger in men. A significant effect of high psAAa, but not AMY1 CN, on reduced obesity rates was identified in men (OR per psAAa unit 0.957 [95% CI 0.937–0.977], p < 0.001, with psAAa ranging between 5 to 66 U/L). A significantly higher prevalence of obesity was observed in the lowest quartile of psAAa in men (75% (Q1) vs. 36% (Q4), p < 0.001) and women (74% (Q1) vs 56% (Q4), p = 0.009). Our findings suggest that high psAAa, but not AMY1 CN, has a potential positive benefit against obesity in the Qatari population.

scholarly journals Reception of nutrition information by adult and older adult users of Primary Healthcare: Occurrence, associated factors, and sources of information

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Loraine LINDEMANN ◽  
Emily Parker MOLON ◽  
Gicele Costa MINTEM ◽  
Raúl Andrés MENDOZA-SASSI
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate reception of nutrition information (outcome), associated factors, and types of sources. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in 2013, included 1,246 adult and older adult users of the Primary Healthcare network of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample was characterized by reception of nutrition information, its sources, and demographic, socioeconomic, health, knowledge, and life habit variables. Prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals investigated associations between reception of nutrition information and independent variables. Results: More than one-third of the sample (37.6%) received nutrition information (95%CI=34.9-40.3). Older adults, individuals with positive self-perceived diet, those who received health information, and those who were physically active were more likely to receive nutrition information, and normal weight individuals were less likely. The outcome differed by income strata, being highest in the highest quintile. There was a linear trend for education level and for following the Ten Steps to Healthy Eating: the outcome was more likely in individuals with at least higher education and those who followed at least four steps. The most cited sources of nutrition information were television shows (56.2%), other (46.2%), physician (41.2%), Internet (25.1%), and family members (20.9%), which did not differ by sex. Conclusion: Primary healthcare users received little nutrition information, and television could be a useful tool for the institutions responsible for the sector to disseminate the official nutritional recommendations.

Determinants of hypertension in Nepal using odds ratios and prevalence ratios: an analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey 2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rajat Das Gupta ◽  
Animesh Talukder ◽  
Shams Shabab Haider ◽  
Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract This cross-sectional study investigated the factors associated with hypertension among Nepalese adults aged 18 years or above using data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were obtained using log-binomial regression and logistic regression, respectively. Initially, unadjusted PRs and ORs were obtained. The variables that yielded a significance level below 0.2 in unadjusted analyses were included in the multivariable analysis. The overall prevalence of hypertension among the 13,393 participants (58% male and 61.2% urban) was 21.1% (n = 2827). In the adjusted analysis, those aged 30–49 years (adjusted PR [APR]: 3.1, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.6, 3.7; adjusted OR [AOR]: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.9, 4.5), 50–69 years (APR: 5.3, 95% CI: 4.4, 6.6; AOR: 8.2, 95% CI: 6.4, 10.4) and ≥70 years (APR: 7.3, 95% CI: 5.8, 9.2; AOR: 13.6, 95% CI: 10.1, 18.3) were more likely to be hypertensive than younger participants aged 18–29 years. Males (APR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.4; AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 1.7), overweight/obese participants (APR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.7, 2.0; AOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 2.2, 2.8) and those in the richest wealth quintile (APR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.5; AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.9) had higher prevalences and odds of hypertension than their female, normal weight/underweight and poorest wealth quintile counterparts, respectively. Those residing in Province 4 (APR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.5; AOR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.8) and Province 5 (APR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.4; AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.7) were more likely to be hypertensive than those residing in Province 1. The point estimate was inflated more in magnitude by ORs than by PRs, but the direction of association remained the same. Public health programmes in Nepal aimed at preventing hypertension should raise awareness among the elderly, males, individuals in the richest wealth quintile and the residents of Provinces 4 and 5.

scholarly journals Protestant Christian attitudes to ART

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Best ◽  
M Sleasman ◽  
E Hegedus ◽  
T E Schlub
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Score Difference ◽  
Reading Frequency ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Bible Reading

Abstract STUDY QUESTION How do Christian religious beliefs affect attitudes to ART? SUMMARY ANSWER Attitudes to ART depend on the religiosity of the respondent, and although the majority of those that had successfully used ART were positive or moderately positive in their views, the acceptability of procedures fell when damage to the marriage relationship or the embryo was a potential outcome. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Religion can impact views on ART. Sanctity of marriage and sanctity of the embryo are major concerns for some Christians, but details are unclear. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was used to collect data from 1587 participants over a 3-month period in 2013, of which 1334 were of the Christian faith and included in this study. Descriptive statistics were reported for individual ARTs, and a general score of all ART approval was calculated. A multivariable linear and logistic regression was conducted on general approval for ART to identify predictors of ART approval. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Indicators of religiosity (religious meeting attendance and Bible reading frequency) showed that this was a highly religious sample. We found that in this cohort of English-speaking, well-educated, practising and mainly Protestant Christians 164 (12.3%) of those had personal experience of ART. Most participants that had successfully used ART were positive or moderately positive in their views. Throughout the cohort, procedures were less acceptable if there was a perception that the marriage relationship or the life of the embryo was threatened: including donated gametes (28.7–29.1% approval), surrogacy (22.7–33.1% approval), and PGD (1.0–23.8% approval). A multivariable analysis of the ART approval score found that it was higher among those with Protestant compared with Catholic/Orthodox faith (P < 0.001; mean score difference, 5.06; 95% CI 4.36–5.81) and those who believe life begins after fertilisation (P < 0.001; mean score difference, 4.86; 95% CI 4.14–5.57). Approval was also higher, but to a lesser extent, in women than men (P = 0.008; mean score difference, 0.73; 95% CI 0.18–1.28), and those with lower religiosity (P < 0.001). The area raising most indecision for this cohort was disposal of excess embryos. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This sample includes an uneven geographical spread of respondents and restriction to English-speaking participants. Different views may be expressed by a different religious cohort. Use of an online survey platform means that a bias towards those with computers (consistent with education levels of this cohort) could exist. Use of this platform also makes it impossible to know the response rate, and the veracity of responses cannot be verified. However, despite these limitations we believe this survey gives us insight into the reservations held among a certain population of Christians regarding the use of reproductive technology. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings highlight the need for ART clinicians to consider the influence of patient spiritual beliefs on therapeutic options and provide detailed information that will allow them to be accommodated. Practices such as widening the options for collecting semen and limiting the number of embryos created through IVF so as to reduce or eliminate excess embryos may be helpful for these patients. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by a grant from The Center for Bioethics & Human Dignity in Deerfield, Illinois, USA. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A

scholarly journals Prevalence of age-specific and sex-specific overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study using direct measures of height and weight

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e022029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Thielman ◽  
Daniel Harrington ◽  
Laura C Rosella ◽  
Heather Manson
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Objectively Measured

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether combining three cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) produces provincially representative and valid estimates of overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec.SettingAn ongoing, nationally representative health survey in Canada, with data released every 2 years. Objective measures of height and weight were taken at mobile examination centres located within 100 km of participants’ residences. To increase sample size, we combined three cycles completed during 2007–2013.Participants5740 Ontario residents and 3980 Quebec residents aged 6–79, with birth dates and directly measured height and weight recorded in the CHMS. Pregnant females were excluded. Sociodemographic characteristics of the Ontario and Quebec portions of the CHMS appeared similar to characteristics from the 2006 Canada Census.Primary outcome measuresObjectively measured overweight and obesity prevalence overall and among males and females in the following age groups: 6–11, 12–19, 20–39, 40–59 and 60–79. We compared these with provincially representative and objectively measured estimates from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition.Results57.1% (95% CI 52.8% to 61.4%) of Ontarians were classified overweight or obese and 24.0% (95% CI 20.3% to 27.6%) obese, while Quebec’s corresponding percentages were 56.2% (95% CI 51.3% to 61.1%) and 24.4% (95% CI 20.6% to 28.3%). Generally, overweight and obesity combined was higher in older age groups and males. Comparisons with the CCHS-Nutrition did not yield unexplainable differences between surveys.ConclusionsCombining three CHMS cycles can produce estimates of overweight and obesity in populations representative of Ontario and Quebec. As new CHMS data are collected, these estimates can be updated and used to evaluate trends.

scholarly journals Differences in Objectively Measured Daily Physical Activity Patterns Related to Depressive Symptoms in Community Dwelling Women - mPED Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Figueroa ◽  
Eric Vittinghof ◽  
Adrian Aguilera ◽  
Yoshimi Fukuoka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Objectively Measured

Abstract Background:Physical activity(PA) has been identified as an effective depression treatment.However, knowledge on how variation in day-to-day PA relates to depression is lacking. Purpose:The purposes of this cross-sectional analysis were to 1) compare overall objectively measured baseline daily steps and duration of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and 2) examine differences in steps and MVPA on days of the week between women with high and low depressive symptoms, enrolled in the mobile phone based physical activity education (mPED) trial.Methods:The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to categorize low and high depressive symptom groups.We used linear mixed-effects models to examine the associations between steps and MVPA and depression-status both overall and by day of the week,adjusting for selected demographic variables and their interactions with day of the week.Results:275 women were included in the final analysis, of which 217 had low and 58 had high depressive symptoms. We found that day of the week modified the associations of depression with both daily steps and MVPA. Women with high depressive symptoms were characterized by reduced activity at the end of the week (Friday: 832 fewer steps, 95% CI:116 to 1548, p=0.023; 8.9 lower MVPA, 95% CI:2.2 to 15.5, p=0.009), whereas women with low depression showed an increase in physical activity.Conclusions:Day of the week might be an important target for personalization of physical activity interventions. Future work should evaluate potential causes of alterations in daily activity patterns in depression.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov#:NCTO1280812registered January 21, 2011

scholarly journals Validity of self-reported weight and height in Austrian adults: sociodemographic determinants and consequences for the classification of BMI categories

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Großschädl ◽  
Bernd Haditsch ◽  
Willibald J Stronegger
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
The Self ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reported Data

AbstractObjectiveEpidemiological studies have shown that adults tend to underestimate their weight and overestimate their height. This may lead to a misclassification of their BMI in studies based on self-reported data. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of self-reported weight and height in Austrian adults.DesignData on weight, height, health behaviour and sociodemographic characteristics of adults were collected in a standardized procedure via a self-filling questionnaire and a medical examination including measurements of weight and height.SettingA publicly accessible out-patient clinic in southern Austria.SubjectsAustrian residents (n473) aged 18 years and older who attended a health check participated in the study.ResultsThe mean difference between reported and measured BMI was not significant in younger adults (<35 years: mean difference −0·21 kg/m2;P< 0·08) but increased significantly with age (≥55 years: mean difference −0·68 kg/m2;P< 0·001). The prevalence of normal weight (BMI = 18·5–24·9 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI = 25·0–29·9 kg/m2) was overestimated based on the self-reported data on BMI, while that for underweight (BMI < 18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2) was underestimated (P< 0·001). The self-reported data showed an obesity prevalence of 12·5 %, while measurement showed a prevalence of 15·4 % (P< 0·001).ConclusionsOur results indicate that prevalence rates of obesity are probably underestimated for Austrian adults when using self-reported weight and height information. The deviations from the measured data clearly increased with age. Analyses based on self-reported data should therefore be adjusted for the age dependency of the validity.

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