Mix Of Destinations And Sedentary Behavior Among Brazilian Adults

Abstract Background: Sedentary behavior is influenced by contextual, social and individual factors, including the built environment. However, the associations between the built environment and sitting time have not been extensively investigated in countries with economies in transition such as Brazil. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between sitting-time and access to a mix of destinations for adults from Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Methods: This study uses data from the Sao Paulo Health Survey (n=3,145). Sedentary behavior was assessed by questionnaire using two questions: total sitting time in minutes on a usual weekday; and on a usual weekend day. Mix of destinations was measured by summing the number of facilities (comprising bus stops, train/subway stations, parks, squares, public recreation centres, bike paths, primary health care units, supermarkets, food stores, bakeries, and coffee-shops) within 500m of each participant’s residence. Linear and categorical (<4, ≥4 hours/day) measures of sitting time were derived and analyzed using linear and logistic multilevel regression. Models accounted for clustering within census-tracts and households, were stratified by gender, and adjusted for environmental, sociodemographic, and health-related factors. Results: Average minutes of sitting, and the likelihood of sitting for more than four hours, were significantly higher among males, younger people, the more educated, single persons, smokers, those who engaged in low levels of physical activity, the obese and those with chronic disease, and those who owned a private motor vehicle. Among females, mix of destinations was inversely related with minutes of sitting time on a weekday (β= -11 minutes; p=0.001) and weekend day (β= -8 minutes; p=0.012). Females who had a higher mix of destinations within their residential catchment had a significantly lower likelihood of sitting for four hours or more on weekdays (OR=0.66 IC95%0.47-0.94). No significant associations were found for males. Conclusion: This is the first-known study to examine the relationship between mix of destinations and sedentary behavior among adults in Sao Paulo City, Brazil. Our results suggest that health promotion and policy should focus on reducing sedentary behavior in the whole population, and especially those groups who engage in higher-levels of sitting time.

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Mix of destinations and sedentary behavior among Brazilian adults: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10123-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alex Antonio Florindo ◽

Gavin Turrell ◽

Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia ◽

João Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa ◽

Michele Santos Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Latin American ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Sitting Time ◽

São Paulo ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Economies In Transition

Abstract Background Sedentary behavior is influenced by contextual, social, and individual factors, including the built environment. However, associations between the built environment and sitting time have not been extensively investigated in countries with economies in transition such as Brazil. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between sitting-time and access to a mix of destinations for adults from Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Methods This study uses data from the Health Survey of Sao Paulo. Sedentary behavior was assessed by a questionnaire using two questions: total sitting time in minutes on a usual weekday; and on a usual weekend day. The mix of destinations was measured by summing the number of facilities (comprising bus stops, train/subway stations, parks, squares, public recreation centres, bike paths, primary health care units, supermarkets, food stores, bakeries, and coffee-shops) within 500 m of each participant’s residence. Minutes of sitting time in a typical weekday and weekend day were the outcomes and the mix of destinations score in 500 m buffers was the exposure variable. Associations between the mix of destinations and sitting time were examined using multilevel linear regression: these models accounted for clustering within census tracts and households and adjusted for environmental, sociodemographic, and health-related factors. Results After adjustment for covariates, the mix of destinations was inversely associated with minutes of sitting time on a weekday (β=− 8.8, p=0.001) and weekend day (β=− 6.1, p=0.022). People who lived in areas with a greater mix of destinations had shorter average sitting times. Conclusion Greater mix of destinations within 500 m of peoples’ residences was inversely associated with sitting time on a typical weekday and weekend day. In Latin American cities like Sao Paulo built environments more favorable for walking may contribute to reducing sedentary behavior and prevent associated chronic disease.

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Mix of Destinations and Sedentary Behavior Among Brazilian Adults: A Cross Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.2.22000/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alex Antonio Florindo ◽

Gavin Turrel ◽

Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia ◽

Joao Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa ◽

Michele Santos Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Latin American ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Sitting Time ◽

São Paulo ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Economies In Transition

Abstract Background: Sedentary behavior is influenced by contextual, social and individual factors, including the built environment. However, associations between the built environment and sitting time have not been extensively investigated in countries with economies in transition such as Brazil. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between sitting-time and access to a mix of destinations for adults from Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Methods: This study uses data from the Sao Paulo Health Survey. Sedentary behavior was assessed by questionnaire using two questions: total sitting time in minutes on a usual weekday; and on a usual weekend day. Mix of destinations was measured by summing the number of facilities (comprising bus stops, train/subway stations, parks, squares, public recreation centres, bike paths, primary health care units, supermarkets, food stores, bakeries, and coffee-shops) within 500m of each participant’s residence. Minutes of sitting time in a typical weekday and weekend day were the outcomes and mix of destinations score in 500m buffers was the exposure variable. Associations between mix of destinations and sitting time were examined using multilevel linear regression: these models accounted for clustering within census tracts and households and adjusted for environmental, sociodemographic, and health-related factors. Results: After adjustment for covariates, mix of destinations was inversely associated with minutes of sitting time on a weekday (β=-8.8, p=0.001) and weekend day (β=-6.1, p=0.022). People who lived in areas with a greater mix of destinations had shorter average sitting times. Conclusion: Greater mix of destinations within 500m of peoples’ residences were inversely associated with sitting time on a typical weekday and weekend day. In Latin American cities like Sao Paulo built environments more favorable for walking may contribute to reducing sedentary behavior and prevent associated chronic disease.

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Mix Of Destinations And Sedentary Behavior Among Brazilian Adults: A Cross Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.2.22000/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alex Antonio Florindo ◽

Gavin Turrel ◽

Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia ◽

Joao João Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa ◽

Michele Santos Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Latin American ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Sitting Time ◽

São Paulo ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Economies In Transition

Abstract Background: Sedentary behavior is influenced by contextual, social and individual factors, including the built environment. However, associations between the built environment and sitting time have not been extensively investigated in countries with economies in transition such as Brazil. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between sitting-time and access to a mix of destinations for adults from Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Methods: This study uses data from the Sao Paulo Health Survey (n=3,145). Sedentary behavior was assessed by questionnaire using two questions: total sitting time in minutes on a usual weekday; and on a usual weekend day. Mix of destinations was measured by summing the number of facilities (comprising bus stops, train/subway stations, parks, squares, public recreation centres, bike paths, primary health care units, supermarkets, food stores, bakeries, and coffee-shops) within 500m of each participant’s residence. Minutes of sitting time in a typical weekday and weekend day were the outcomes and mix of destinations score in 500m buffers was the exposure variable. Associations between mix of destinations and sitting time were examined using multilevel linear regression: these models accounted for clustering within census tracts and households and adjusted for environmental, sociodemographic, and health-related factors. Results: After adjustment for covariates, mix of destinations was inversely associated with minutes of sitting time on a weekday (β=-8.8, p=0.001) and weekend day (β=-6.1, p=0.022). People who lived in areas with a greater mix of destinations had shorter average sitting times. Conclusion: Greater mix of destinations within 500m of peoples’ residences were inversely associated with sitting time on a typical weekday and weekend day. In Latin American cities like Sao Paulo built environments more favorable for walking may contribute to reducing sedentary behavior and prevent associated chronic disease.

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Mix Of Destinations And Sedentary Behavior Among Brazilian Adults: A Cross Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.2.22000/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alex Antonio Florindo ◽

Gavin Turrel ◽

Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia ◽

Joao Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa ◽

Michele Santos Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Latin American ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Sitting Time ◽

São Paulo ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Economies In Transition

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Reflexões acerca do marxismo “herético” de Ernst Bloch

Trilhas Filosóficas ◽

10.25244/tf.v11i3.3544 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 139-155

Author(s):

Marta Maria Aragão Maciel

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Ernst Bloch ◽

Ernest Bloch ◽

Radical Critique ◽

Enrique Dussel ◽

Principal Work ◽

The Relationship

Resumo: O presente texto objetiva uma abordagem, no interior do pensamento de Ernst Bloch (1885/1977), acerca da relação entre marxismo e utopia: um vínculo incomum no interior do marxismo, comumente tido numa oposição inconciliável. Daí a apropriação do termo “herético” em referência ao marxismo do autor alemão: a expressão é usada não em sentido pejorativo, mas apenas para situar seu distanciamento do marxismo vulgar, bem como sua intenção de crítica radical dessa tradição. Aqui entendemos que é, em particular, por meio da relação entre marxismo e utopia que o pensamento de Ernst Bloch aparece como um projeto inelutavelmente político com vistas a uma filosofia da práxis concreta na principal obra do autor: O Princípio esperança (Das Prinzip Hoffnung) [1954/1959]. Neste livro encontramos, com efeito, a tentativa de pensar a atualidade do marxismo para o contexto do século XX, a era das catástrofes, conforme definição do historiador Eric Hobsbawm. Palavras-chave: Marxismo. Utopia. Dialética. Crítica social. Cultura. Abstract: This paper presents an approach within the thinking of Ernst Bloch (1885/1977) about the relation between Marxism and Utopia: an unusual link within Marxism, commonly held in an irreconcilable opposition. Hence the appropriation of the term "heretical" in reference to the German author's Marxism: the expression is used not in a pejorative sense, but only to situate its distancing from vulgar Marxism, as well as its intention of a radical critique of this tradition. Here we understand that it is particularly through the relationship between Marxism and Utopia that Ernst Bloch's thought appears as an ineluctably political project with a view to a philosophy of concrete praxis in the principal work of the author: The Principle Hope (Das Prinzip Hoffnung) [1954/1959]. In this book we find, in effect, the attempt to think the actuality of Marxism in the context of the age of catastrophe - as defined by Eric Hobsbawm - that is, the long twentieth century that experienced the extreme barbarism of the concentration camp, of which the thinker in question, Jewish and Communist, managed to escape. Keywords: Marxism. Utopia. Dialectics. Social criticismo. Culture. REFERÊNCIAS ALBORNOZ, Suzana. O enigma da Esperança: Ernst Bloch e as margens da história do espírito. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 1995. ALBORNOZ, Suzana. Ética e utopia: ensaio sobre Ernst Bloch. 2ª edição. Porto Alegre: Movimento; Santa Cruz do Sul: EdUSC, 2006. BICCA, Luiz. Marxismo e liberdade. São Paulo: Loyola, 1987. BLOCH, Ernst. Filosofia del Rinascimento. Trad. it. de Gabriella Bonacchi e Katia Tannenbaum. Bologna: il Mulino, 1981. BLOCH, Ernst. Héritage de ce temps. Trad. Jean Lacoste. Paris: Payot, 1978. BLOCH, Ernst. O Princípio Esperança [1954-1959]. Vol. I. Trad. br. Nélio Schneider. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; Contraponto, 2005. BLOCH, Ernst. O Princípio Esperança [1954-1959]. Vol. II. Trad. br. Werner Fuchs. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; Contraponto, 2006. BLOCH, Ernst. O Princípio Esperança [1954-1959]. Vol. III. Trad. br. Nélio Schneider. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; Contraponto, 2006. BLOCH, Ernst. Du rêve à l’utopie: Entretiens philosophiques. Textos escolhidos e prefaciados por Arno Münster. Paris: Hermann, 2016. BLOCH, Ernst. Thomas Münzer, Teólogo da Revolução [1963]. Trad. br. Vamireh Chacon e Celeste Aída Galeão. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro, 1973. BLOCH, Ernst. L’esprit de l’utopie, [1918-1023]. Trad. fr. de Anne Marie Lang e Catherine Tiron-Audard. Paris: Gallimard, 1977. BLOCH, Ernst. El pensamiento de Hegel. Trad. esp. de Wenceslao Roces. Mexico; Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1963. BOURETZ, Pierre. Testemunhas do futuro: filosofia e messianismo. Trad. J. Guinsburg. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2011, p. 690. FREUD, Sigmund. Los sueños [1900-1901]. Trad. Luis Lopez-Ballesteros et al., Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 1981. FREUD, Sigmund. A Interpretação dos sonhos. Vol. I. Trad. Jayme Salomão. Rio de Janeiro: Imago, 2006. HORKHEIMER, Max. Filosofia e teoria crítica. In: Textos escolhidos. Trad. de José Lino Grünnewald. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1980, p. 155 (Coleção Os Pensadores.). MÜNSTER, Arno. Ernst Bloch: filosofia da práxis e utopia concreta. São Paulo: UNESP, 1993. MÜNSTER, Arno. Utopia, Messianismo e Apocalipse nas primeiras de Ernst Bloch. Trad. br. de Flávio Beno Siebeneichler. São Paulo: UNESP, 1997. PIRON-AUDARD, Catherine. Anthropologie marxiste et psychanalyse selon Ernst Bloch. In: RAULET, Gérard (org.). Utopie-marxisme selon Ernst Bloch: un système de l'inconstructible. Payot: Paris, 1976. VIEIRA, Antonio Rufino. Princípio esperança e a “herança intacta do marxismo” em Ernst Bloch. In: Anais do 5° Coloquio Internacional Marx-Engels. Campinas: CEMARX/Unicamp. Disponível em: <www.unicamp.br / cemarx_v_coloquio_arquivos_arquivos /comunicacoes/gt1/sessao6/Antonio_Rufi no.pdf>. VIEIRA, Antonio Rufino. Marxismo e libertação: estudos sobre Ernst Bloch e Enrique Dussel. São Leopoldo: Nova Harmonia, 2010. RAULET, Gérard (Organizador). Utopie - marxisme selon Ernst Bloch: un sistème de l’inconstructible. Paris: Payot, 1976. ZECCHI, Stefano. Ernest Bloch: Utopia y Esperanza en el Comunismo [1974]. Trad. esp. de Enric Pérez Nadal, Barcellona: Península, 1978.

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Anemia and dementia among the elderly: the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610211001724 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 74-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Itamar S. Santos ◽

Márcia Scazufca ◽

Paulo A. Lotufo ◽

Paulo R. Menezes ◽

Isabela M. Benseñor

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Health Study ◽

São Paulo ◽

Total Blood ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship ◽

Life Function

ABSTRACTBackground: Anemia and dementia are common diseases among the elderly, but conflicting data are available regarding an association between these two conditions. We analyzed data from the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study to address the relationship between anemia and dementia.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included participants aged 65 years and older from a deprived area of the borough of Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. Data about demographics, education, income, and cognitive and daily life function were collected, as well as blood samples. Anemia and dementia were defined according to WHO and DSM-IV criteria, respectively.Results: Of the 2267 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria, 2072 agreed to participate in the study; of whom 1948 had a valid total blood count and were included in the analysis. Anemia was diagnosed in 203 (10.2%) participants and dementia in 99 (5.1%). The frequency of anemia was higher in patients with dementia according to univariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–3.41, p = 0.01), but this association was not present after adjusting for age (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.76–2.33, p = 0.32). Further multivariate adjustment did not change the results.Conclusion: Although anemia and dementia are frequent disorders in older people, we found their relationship to be mediated exclusively by aging in this low-income population from São Paulo.

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Socioeconomic inequalities and exposure to traffic-related air pollution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00168412 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 119-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mateus Habermann ◽

Míriam Souza ◽

Rogério Prado ◽

Nelson Gouveia

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Health Concern ◽

Traffic Density ◽

São Paulo ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

Air pollution is a leading public health concern. In addition, poor populations have been reported as showing increased exposure to such pollution. The current study thus aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic status of the population exposed to vehicle-related air pollution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The study used data from the 2010 Census on head-of-household’s mean monthly income and the percentage of households connected to the sewage system. Exposure to air pollutants was estimated according to traffic density in the census tract plus a 200m surrounding buffer. The relationship between exposure and socioeconomic variables was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Exposure increased with increasing socioeconomic status (p < 0.001). The population with the highest socioeconomic status lives in the most polluted areas of the city. However, place of residence alone is not capable of measuring exposure. The study suggests that future epidemiological studies include other indicators of vulnerability.

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Analysis of partnerships for actions intra-sectoral and inter-sectors for health in areas of high socio-environmental vulnerability in the city of São Paulo/Brazil: a mixed method study

10.21203/rs.2.13974/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Patricia Melo Bezerra ◽

Iara Coelho Zito Guerriero

Keyword(s):

Social Inequalities ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Well Being ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Second Phase ◽

São Paulo ◽

Different Types ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City ◽

Basic Health Units

Abstract Context Since poverty areas are socioeconomic complex and limiting environments, there is a need to develop intra-sectoral and inter-sectoral actions in the health territory in order to achieve the economic and social well-being of people and society. This research aims to understand the relationship between inter-sectorial and inter-sectoral actions for health and socio-environmental groupings of the most vulnerable health territories in the city of São Paulo, identify which are the most frequent partners of these actions and how professionals experience these partnerships in their daily lives.Method We adopted the mixed sequential and explanatory method. In the first phase, an online form is applied and identifies the Basic Health Units (BHU) that take place as intersectoral actions with more partners. In the second phase, we explored how the professionals consider the characteristics of the territory where they act to seek partnerships and how they carry out the actions.Results Analysis of quantitative data indicated that: a) More than 98% of BHUs conduct intra- and inter-sectoral partnerships and b) there is no relationship between the indices of the most vulnerable groupings and the presence of intra- and inter-sectoral actions with statistical significance p <0.05. The content analysis of literal transcriptions pointed out that: intra- and inter-sectoral practices developed in the health territories were driven by the needs of the treatment of diseases or by the precarious conditions of life of individual or collectivities. However, in order to assist different types of violence, health professionals avoid seeking partnerships, including with the Tutelary Council and the Center for Human Rights, as they fear they will suffer reprisals by those who cause this violence. There was consistency between quantitative and qualitative data, except for partnership with education, other BHUs, environment, and the Tutelary Council.Conclusion The construction of personalized partnerships for individual and collective health, in order to cope with social inequalities; of chronic diseases and by phases of the life cycle involved in socioeconomic fragilities that generate more poverty is part of the job from BHU’s professionals.

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Amateur surfing on the south coast of São Paulo: lifestyle and work as factors of adherence to practice

Journal of Physical Education ◽

10.4025/jphyseduc.v32i1.3247 ◽

1989 ◽

Author(s):

Luiz Carlos Marinovic Doro ◽

◽

Vinícius Demarchi Silva Terra ◽

Império Lombardi Junior

Keyword(s):

Sao Paulo ◽

South Coast ◽

São Paulo ◽

Way Of Life ◽

The South ◽

Job Stability ◽

Future Studies ◽

Employment Conditions ◽

The Family ◽

The Relationship

In the present study, we dealt with the relationship between lifestyle and adherence to the physical activity and discussed the conditions that make it possible for amateur to remain in a complex practice as surfing. For these purpose, we interviewed eleven surfers with over eleven years of uninterrupted practice on the South Coast of São Paulo. Through an analysis of the interviews content, it was possible to verify that their permanence is less influenced by gender issues, age and marital status (usually prioritized in the literature about this subject) than employment conditions. It is argued that adherence to surfing is linked to lifestyle and youth ideals, while the conditions for the continuity of the amateurs practice involves the family and employment ties, whose stability gives security to the routine and modulates the possibilities between social times and nature times. Thus, mature surfers narrate a way of life that values prudent attitudes as a way of redefining surfing in their lives, pointing out to a transformation of surf culture. It is considered that the relationship between permanence in practice and job stability deserves to be investigated in future studies

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Corrupção e violência no sistema penitenciário de São Paulo / Corruption and Violence at São Paulo's Penitenciary Prison

Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales ◽

10.37467/gka-revsocial.v5.378 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 207-220

Author(s):

Marisol de Paula Reis

Keyword(s):

Social Representations ◽

Pierre Bourdieu ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Illegal Activity ◽

Professional Category ◽

The Social ◽

Object Of Study ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe present work has as object of study the Penitentiary Security ex-Agent (ex-ASP) who is in prison regime by the crime of passive corruption (Article 317 - Brazilian Penal Code). The study answered the following questions: 1) What do staffs and ex-staffs think on the practice of corruption exercised between institutional staffs and some prisoners inside the Sao Paulo's Prisons? 2) What are the representations for the conduct of the ASP's? 3) How do these representations explain the inclusion of some staffs in illegal activity by way of corruption? What is the relationship between corruption and violence? This is a qualitative research with questionnaires and interviews script sticking to the viewpoint of those involved in acts of corruption (the ex-ASP's) and the speeches of the staffs in the exercises of function. The social representations was used as theoretical and methodological axes to present the explanatory elements (material and symbolic) that guide the conduct of this professional category about the corruption and the relationship of this practice with the intramural violence. Authors such as Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Wieviorka, Alves-Mazzoti, Denise Jodelet and Campos Coelho contributed to the discussion proposed.RESUMOO presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o ex-Agente de Segurança Penitenciária (ex-ASP) que se encontra em regime de prisão pela prática do crime de corrupção passiva (artigo 317 - Código Penal Brasileiro). O estudo respondeu às seguintes preocupações: 1) O que pensam Agentes Penitenciários e ex-ASP´s sobre a prática da corrupção exercida entre agentes institucionais e alguns presos no interior das prisões de São Paulo? 2) Quais são as representações para tal conduta dos ASP’s? 3) Como essas representações explicam a inserção de alguns agentes penitenciários na atividade ilegal pela via da corrupção? Qual a relação entre corrupção e violência? Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com aplicação de questionários e roteiro de entrevistas, atendo-se ao ponto de vista dos sujeitos envolvidos em atos de corrupção (os ex-ASP´s), e às falas dos agentes de segurança penitenciária em exercício da função. Utilizou-se as representações sociais como eixos teórico e metodológico, para apresentar os elementos explicativos (materiais e simbólicos) que orientam a conduta desta categoria profissional sobre a corrupção, e a relação desta prática com a violência intramuros. Autores como Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Wieviorka, Alves-Mazzoti, Denise Jodelet e Campos Coelho contribuíram para a discussão proposta.

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