Predictors to HIV testing among youth women in Ethiopia: 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

Abstract Background HIV testing is the critical first step in identifying and linking HIV infected people to the treatment cascade and it also provides an important opportunity to reinforce HIV prevention among the negatives. The aim of this study was examine factors associated with HIV testing among youth women. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was used and a nationally representative secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey(EDHS). A total of 6401 youth women were eligible in the study. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Frequencies and weighted percentage of the variables were calculated. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of HIV testing. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to control confounders and to identify the independent contribution of each variable to the outcome variable. Result A total of 6401 youth women aged 15 to 24 years of age were included. Only 37.7% (95% CI:(33.6-39.1%)) of participants were ever tested for HIV in their life. In the final multivariable model age, marital status, level of educational, media access, number of sexual partner, STIs in Past 12 months and comprehensive knowledge to HIV, were significantly associated with ever been tested for HIV. Youth women who were in the age group between 20 to 24 (AOR=2.18; 95CI:(1.800-2.652), who were married (AOR=4.70; 95% CI:(3.674-6.008)), were divorced (AOR=6.16; 95% CI (3.976-9.541)), who had no access to media (AOR = 0.69; 95 CI %: (0.540-0.870)), who had no comprehensive HIV knowledge (AOR = 0.68; 65% CI: (0.530-0.861)) and having one or more sexual partners (AOR=2.48; 95% CI:(1.350-4.551)) were significantly associated with ever been tested for HIV.

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HIV knowledge and associated factors among young Ethiopians: application of multilevel order logistic regression using the 2016 EDHS

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-05436-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Teshome Kabeta Dadi ◽

Merga Belina Feyasa ◽

Mamo Nigatu Gebre

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Survey Data ◽

Health Survey ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

Mobile Telephone ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Hiv Knowledge ◽

Health Survey Data

Abstract Background Human Immunodeficiency virus continues to be a major global health problem infecting 75 million and killing 32 million people since the beginning of the epidemic. It badly hit Sub Saharan Africa than any country in the world and youths are sharing the greatest burden. The study aims to assess the level of HIV-knowledge and its determinants among Ethiopian youths using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. Methods A nationally representative 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data were used. A total of 10,903 youths comprising 6401 females and 4502 males were included in the study. Descriptive statistics and multilevel order logistic regression were used and confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance in the final model. Results The mean age and SD of youths included in this study was 19.10 (±2.82). Among Ethiopian youths, 20.92% (95% CI: 18.91, 23.09%) had low knowledge of HIV whereas, 48.76% (95% CI: 47.12, 50.41%) and 30.31% (95% CI: 28.51, 32.18%) of them had moderate and comprehensive HIV knowledge respectively. Being male, access to TV and radio, ever tested for HIV/AIDS, owning a mobile telephone, and attending primary school and above compared to non-attendants were associated with having higher HIV knowledge. But, dwelling in rural Ethiopia, being in the Protestant and Muslim religious groups as compared to those of Orthodox followers and being in married groups were associated with having lower HIV knowledge. Approximately, 12% of the variation in knowledge of HIV was due to regions. Conclusion Only one-third of Ethiopian youths have deep insight into the disease, whereas, nearly one-fifth of them have lower HIV-knowledge. There is a significant disparity in HIV-related knowledge among Ethiopian youths living in different regions. Rural residents, less educated, female, and married youths have less knowledge of HIV as compared to their counterparts. Youths who do not have a mobile phone, who lack health insurance coverage, and who have limited access to media have less knowledge about HIV. Therefore, the due focus should be given to the aforementioned factors to minimize the disparities between regions and to enhance Ethiopian youths’ HIV-knowledge.

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Male circumcision uptake and its predictors among sexually active men aged 15–59 years living in the highest HIV prevalence region of Ethiopia: evidence from 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09918-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zerihun Kura Edossa ◽

Abonesh Taye Kumsa ◽

Mamo Nigatu Gebre

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Hiv Prevention ◽

Health Survey ◽

Male Circumcision ◽

Media Coverage ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Hiv Knowledge ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Pieces of evidence showed that the Gambella region of Ethiopia has remained HIV hotspot area for successive years. However, the magnitude of male circumcision uptake and its associated factors are not well studied in this region. Hence, the aim of the current study is to assess the magnitude of male circumcision uptake and its predictors among sexually active men in the region using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data. Method Data on 868 sexually active men residing in the Gambella region were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and health Survey. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were respectively used to summarize descriptive data and measure the statistical associations. Adjusted odds ratio and confidence intervals were respectively used to measure statistical associations between variables and their statistical significances. Results The current study revealed that the overall prevalence of male circumcision uptake in the Gambella region was 61.2% (95% CI: 57.96,64.44). The results of multivariable logistic regression revealed that being Muslim (AOR = 9.54, 95% CI: 6.765.13.88), being Orthodox Christian (AOR = 8.5, 95%CI: 5.00–14.45), being from Poor household (AOR = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.22), being from medium-income household (AOR = .33, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.73), listening to radio (AOR = .29, 95%CI: .16, .54), having comprehensive HIV knowledge (AOR = .44, 95%CI: .27, .71) and ever been tested for HIV (AOR = .27, 95%CI: .16,.46) were independently associated with male circumcision uptake. Conclusion Despite all efforts made by different stakeholders to promote the provision of male circumcision in the Gambella region, its magnitude of uptake is still unacceptably low. The federal HIV prevention and Control Office and other stakeholders working on HIV prevention and control should give due emphasis to promoting HIV-related knowledge through community-based education and through religious leaders. Integrating and streamlining HIV-related education in the academic curricula, and expanding mass media coverage should also be given due consideration by the federal government and other stakeholders. The stakeholders should also give emphasis to strengthening and empowering poor sexually active men residing in the Gambella region.

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Independent predictors of comprehensive knowledge of HIV in general population: findings from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015-16)

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.21627.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Kyaw Lwin Show ◽

Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽

Khine Wut Yee Kyaw ◽

Khin Thet Wai ◽

San Hone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Health Survey ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Weighted Estimates ◽

Representative Study ◽

Comprehensive Knowledge

Background: Myanmar has the third highest number of people living with HIV in Southeast Asia behind Indonesia and Thailand. The independent predictors of comprehensive HIV knowledge among general population are not known. Methods: In this nationally representative study, we adopted a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015-16). We included all women and men aged 15-49 years who participated in the survey. We have provided weighted estimates as the analyses were weighted for the multi-stage sampling design. We used modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimates model to identify independent predictors of comprehensive knowledge. Results: Of 17,622 analyzed, 3,599 (20.4%, 95% CI: 19.7, 21.1) had comprehensive knowledge of HIV. Late adolescents, those with less than a high school education, those involved in agriculture and the poorest two quintiles were less likely to have comprehensive knowledge of HIV. Conclusion: In Myanmar, comprehensive knowledge of HIV among the general population needs to be improved and we identified certain independent predictors that could be specifically targeted by the national programme.

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Association of breast feeding and birth interval with child mortality in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study using nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey data

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053196 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. e053196

Author(s):

Rafi Amir-ud-Din ◽

Hafiz Zahid Mahmood ◽

Faisal Abbas ◽

Muhammad Muzammil ◽

Ramesh Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Mortality ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Health Survey ◽

Birth Interval ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesThis study analysed the association between breast feeding (BF) and birth interval (BI) (both succeeding and preceding) with neonatal mortality (NM), infant mortality (IM) and under-5 mortality (U5M).DesignThis cross-sectional study used data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018.SettingsAll provinces, Islamabad and Federally Administered Tribal Areas were included in the analysis.ParticipantsA total of 12 769 children born to ever-married multiparous women aged 30–49 years who gave live birth within 5 years preceding the interview. Multiple births are not included.Data analysisMultivariate logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsWe found that BF was associated with nearly 98% lower risk of NM (OR 0.015; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.03; p<0.001), 96% lower risk of IM (OR 0.038; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.06; p<0.001) and 94% lower risk of U5M (OR 0.050; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.08; p<0.001). Compared with optimal preceding birth interval (PBI) (36+ months), short PBI (<18 months) was associated with around six times higher risk of NM (OR 5.661; 95% CI: 2.78 to 11.53; p<0.001), over five times risk of IM (OR 4.704; 95% CI: 2.70 to 8.19; p<0.001) and over five times risk of U5M (OR 4.745; 95% CI: 2.79 to 8.07; p<0.001). Disaggregating the data by child’s gender, place of residence and mother’s occupational status showed that being ever breast fed was associated with a smaller risk of NM, IM and U5M in all three disaggregations. However, the risk of smaller PBI <18 months was generally more pronounced in female children (NM and U5M) or when the children lived in rural areas (NM, IM and U5M). PBI <18 months was associated with greater risk of NM and IM, and smaller risk of U5M when mothers did a paid job.ConclusionThis study’s significance lies in the fact that it has found BF and BI to be consistent protective factors against NM, IM and U5M. Given Pakistan’s economic constraints, optimal BF and BI are the most cost-effective interventions to reduce child mortality.

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Social inequalities in low birthweight outcomes in Sri Lanka: evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey 2016

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e037223

Author(s):

Gayathri Abeywickrama ◽

Sabu S Padmadas ◽

Andrew Hinde

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Health Survey ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Biological Variables ◽

Random Intercept ◽

Concentration Indices

ObjectiveTo investigate social inequalities underlying low birthweight (LBW) outcomes in Sri Lanka.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThis study used the Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 2016, the first such survey to cover the entire country since the Civil War ended in 2001.ParticipantsBirthweight data extracted from the child health development records available for 7713 babies born between January 2011 and the date of interview in 2016.Outcome measuresThe main outcome variable was birth weight, classified as LBW (≤2500 g) and normal.MethodsWe applied random intercept three-level logistic regression to examine the association between LBW and maternal, socioeconomic and geographic variables. Concentration indices were estimated for different population subgroups.ResultsThe population-level prevalence of LBW was 16.9% but was significantly higher in the estate sector (28.4%) compared with rural (16.6%) and urban (13.6%) areas. Negative concentration indices suggest a relatively higher concentration of LBW in poor households in rural areas and the estate sector. Results from fixed effects logistic regression models confirmed our hypothesis of significantly higher risk of LBW outcomes across poorer households and Indian Tamil communities (AOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.83, p<0.05). Results from random intercept models confirmed there was substantial unobserved variation in LBW outcomes at the mother level. The effect of maternal biological variables was larger than that of socioeconomic factors.ConclusionLBW rates are significantly higher among babies born in poorer households and Indian Tamil communities. The findings highlight the need for nutrition interventions targeting pregnant women of Indian Tamil ethnicity and those living in economically deprived households.

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Measurement Invariance and Criterion Validity of Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV/AIDS Prevention Scale in the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey Tool

10.1101/2021.06.10.21258705 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martin Ariapa

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Health Survey ◽

Aids Prevention ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Men And Women ◽

Comprehensive Knowledge ◽

Women Groups ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: Limited information exists on the functioning of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention scale in the Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys. Objectives: This paper aimed to: (i) examine measurement invariance of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention scale across men and women groups in Uganda; and (ii) evaluate the criterion related validity of the scale using HIV testing as an outcome variable. Methods: The study was based on cross-sectional Uganda Demographic and Health Survey data of 2016. Measurement invariance was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis in the framework of structural equation modelling while criterion-related validity was investigated by fitting a binary logistic regression model that explained the relationship between HIV testing and comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention. Results: The results show that, the construct is invariant across men and women groups at the dimensional, metric and scalar levels, however, all models presented poor fit. Furthermore, criterion-related validity of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention with HIV testing, was confirmed. Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the need to revise items included in the comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention scale in order to improve its performance.

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Distribution and social determinants of overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study of non-pregnant adult women from the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (2015-2016)

Epidemiology and Health ◽

10.4178/epih.e2019039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. e2019039 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leonard Mndala ◽

Abhay Kudale

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Adult Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

OBJECTIVES: Hitherto regarded as a public health issue of well-heeled nations, overweight and obesity have emerged as a problem of concern in developing nations. Although social and demographic factors are equally important as proximal lifestyle factors affecting health, their role is neither well researched nor well understood. We conducted a novel study to determine the distribution, prevalence, and social and demographic determinants of overweight/obesity in Malawi.METHODS: A population-based, quantitative cross-sectional study using data from the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (2015-2016) was conducted among non-pregnant women aged 18-49 years. A total of 6,443 women were included in the analysis. Overweight/obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25.0 kg/m2 , was the main outcome variable. The analysis was done in SPSS version 20.0; after calculating descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was conducted to evaluate associations and determine odds.RESULTS: In total, 16.8% and 6.3% of women were overweight and obese, respectively (p<0.001). Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in urban than in rural areas. The BMI distribution among women varied across different background characteristics. Women from the Ngoni ethnicity were more likely to be overweight/obese than others (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 2.08). Socioeconomic status (SES) and the age of the respondent were highly significant determinants that were strongly associated with being overweight/obese. The richest women were 3 times more likely to be overweight/obese than the poorest (aOR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.46 to 4.43).CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity were highly prevalent and significantly associated with increasing SES, age, and being from the Ngoni ethnicity. Holistic interventions should also focus on improving social determinants in order to entirely curb the epidemic.

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Role of Knowledge, Sociodemographic, and Behavioral Factors on Lifetime HIV Testing among Adult Population in Nepal: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional National Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16183311 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (18) ◽

pp. 3311

Author(s):

Bimala Sharma ◽

Eun Woo Nam

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Adult Population ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Positive Association ◽

Behavioral Factors ◽

Hiv Knowledge ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is important to HIV prevention, treatment, and care. We aimed to assess the role of sociodemographic, behavioral factors and HIV knowledge on HIV testing among people aged 15–49 years in Nepal. The 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey data was used for secondary data analysis. Herein, 9843 women and 3017 men who had experienced coitus were included. The respondents were asked if they underwent HIV testing and received the test results in their lifetime. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied at 5% level of significance. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed separately for women and men. Of the total, 18.0% of men and 7.4% of women had been tested for HIV in their lifetime. As compared to the age of 15 to 24 years, males aged 25 to 29 years were more likely to report, whereas females aged 35 to 49 years were less likely to report HIV testing. Lower caste groups had more likelihood of reporting HIV testing than the other caste in both sexes. The odds of being tested for HIV were significantly higher among those who had higher education in both sexes. There was significant positive association between HIV testing and economic status in males whereas this association was reverse among females. The male respondents who spent more than one month away from home in the last 12 months were 1.68 times more likely to have been tested for HIV in their lifetime. Having multiple sexual partners was associated with higher odds of testing for HIV in both sexes. Having comprehensive HIV knowledge was independently associated with the reporting of higher odds of HIV testing in females. Promotion of HIV testing should consider sociodemographic factors, sexual behavior, and imparting comprehensive HIV knowledge.

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Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in Ghana: Evidence from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey

International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health ◽

10.21106/ijtmrph.161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 112-122

Author(s):

Albert Apotele Nyaaba ◽

Augustine Tanle ◽

Louis Kobina Kobina ◽

Matthew Ayamga

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Wealth Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Creative Commons

Background and Objectives: This study aims to investigate the strength of the association between socio-economic, maternal and environmental determinants and under-five mortality in Ghana. Methods: We utilized data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, a population-based cross-sectional study, which included 4151 children born alive to women aged 15-49 years. The primary outcome variable was under-five mortality. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were applied to assess the relationship and relative association of the independent variables with the outcome variable. Results: Children of women with secondary education and above and women within the middle wealth status were 0.593 and 0.886 less likely to experience under five deaths compared to women with no education and women of low wealth status (OR=0.593; 95% CI 1.690 to 2.063; p< 0.01) (OR =0.886; 95% CI 1.48 to 1.63; p<0.01). Women who had their first birth at age 20-29 years were 0.764 less likely to experience under-five deaths compared to those aged 15-19 years (OR= 0.764; 95% CI 0.994 to 1.191; p<0.01). Children born in households with pit toilets were more likely (OR= 1.51; 95% CI 1.20 to 2.30; p<0.01) to die before age five compared to children born in households with flushed toilet. Women who used bore hole /well water were more likely (OR= 1.686; 95% CI 2.94 to 3.01; p< 0.05) to experience under-five deaths compared to women who used piped water. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: This study identified the determinants that significantly predicted under-five deaths and the magnitude of the influence on under-five deaths in Ghana. It accentuates the need for increased maternal education, delayed child bearing, provision of improved drinking water and toilet facilities to reduce under-five deaths in Ghana. Key words: • Socio-economic • Maternal health • Child health • Environmental factors • Under-five mortality • Ghana • Demographic and Health Survey • DHS Copyright © 2020 Nyaaba, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

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