scholarly journals Interprofessional education challenges in medical education of Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleiman Ahmady ◽  
Zohrehsadat Mirmoghtadaie ◽  
Davood Rasouli
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
System Methodology

Abstract Background Interprofessional education is one of the most important educational methods for developing team work encounter with many challenges, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to identify the important challenges of Interprofessional education in Iran's medical educational system. Methodology The qualitative content analysis was used to explain the perception and experience of 15 professors and experts regarding the challenges of Interprofessional education with semi structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed with Graneheim and Lundman qualitative approach in the MAXQDA software V.12 interviews were completed. Findings According to the participants, the important challenges to designing and implementation of Interprofessional education was: 1) educational challenges, 2) structural challenges and 3) cultural challenges. Conclusion Because of the importance of Interprofessional education to enhancing medical education, policymakers need to understand the importance of IPE and address the barriers and challenges they face. Also the Structures must be created and attitudes change.

Identification of factors that influence occupational accidents in the petroleum industry: A qualitative approach

Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
Zahra Naghavi-Konjin ◽  
Seyed Bagher Mortazavi ◽  
Hassan Asilian Mahabadi ◽  
Ebrahim Hajizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Structured Interviews

BACKGROUND: Exploring experiences of individuals for barriers they confront relating to safety could help to design safety interventions with an emphasis on the most safety influencing factors. OBJECTIVE: This study strived to present an empirical exploration of individuals’ experiences across the petroleum industry at different levels of the organizational structure for factors that influence occupational accidents. METHOD: Based on accidents history, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals who engaged in fatal activities, as well as authorities responsible for managing safety. The qualitative content analysis of 46 interview transcripts was conducted using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: A three-layer model comprising organizational, supervisory and operator level influencing factors with 16 categories were found influence factors of occupational safety. The results highlighted the role of organizational factors, including inappropriate contract management, inadequate procedures, and issues relating to competency management and the organizational climate. Moreover, defects relating to the monitoring and supervision system were identified as important causes of accidents. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrated that the qualitative approach could reveal additional latent aspects of safety influencing factors, which require consideration for the appropriate management of occupational safety. This study can guide the planning of preventive strategies for occupational accidents in the petroleum industry.

scholarly journals Exploring senior managers’ perceptions of the COVID-19 Crisis in Iran: a qualitative content analysis study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Bijani ◽  
Shahnaz Karimi ◽  
Aliasghar Khaleghi ◽  
Yousef Gholampoor ◽  
Zhila Fereidouni
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Managerial Competencies ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Educational Challenges

Abstract Background Identification of the experience of senior managers in tackling biological crises can be a roadmap for future crisis management planning. The aim of the present study was to investigate the experiences of senior managers during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods This is a descriptive qualitative research. Data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews. Accordingly, 20 senior managers of medical universities with experience in managing the COVID-19 crisis were enrolled in the study using purposive sampling. Data were collected from February 2020 to May 2021. For data analysis, qualitative content analytical approach was used. Results According to the results, 4 main themes and 10 sub-themes were obtained; they included dealing with issues and challenges in the face of COVID-19 disease (Structural challenges, Cultural challenges, Educational challenges, COVID-19 complexity); individual and managerial competencies (Individual competencies, Managerial competencies); comprehensive, accountable, and efficient management (Comprehensive and accountable management, efficient management); and professional and organizational self-efficacy (Professional self-efficacy, organizational self-efficacy) were obtained. Conclusions In the present study, a number of senior managers’ experiences in the COVID-19 crisis management were identified. Managers and policymakers of the health system are suggested to use the results of the present study to effectively manage the crisis and improve crisis management in various health-related areas by providing an effective cultural and organizational context.

scholarly journals Medical Dominance in Nursing Education: Qualitative content analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Mahdi Moosaeifard ◽  
Kourosh Zarea ◽  
Masoud Sirati Nir ◽  
Mohammadreza Dinmohammadi ◽  
Abolfazl Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
University Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medical Dominance

Background: Training specialist manpower requires social justice in higher education and inequality leads to the emergence of hierarchies of power and types of dominant or dominated groups. Aim: The aim of the present study was to explain the perceptions and experiences of the heads of nursing departments of Iranian nursing schools regarding medical dominance in nursing education. Methods: The present study was a conventional content analysis. Data collection was carried out using purposeful sampling and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 24 participants. The data analysis process was performed according to Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative content analysis (2004).  Findings: Data analysis led to the emergence of the theme of "Medical dominance in nursing education" and the three main categories of “physician-centered university education", "weakened educational status", and "belittling nursing education in medical system”. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that physicians enjoy special and superior position in the structure of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. Physicians manage the entire system including medical education due to their greater power in managing the system at all micro and macro levels. Thus, other disciplines including nursing education, which are closely related to medicine, are highly ignored.

Intercultural adjustment challenges of Korean and Canadian self-initiated expatriates in the workplace: An exploratory bidirectional investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Arseneault
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Adjustment ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Intercultural Adjustment

This study uses a qualitative approach and bidirectional design to explore the unique intercultural adjustment challenges that Korean and Canadian self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) experience in each other’s workplace. Through semi-structured interviews we draw upon thematic analysis to surface unique cross-cultural challenges finding that a ‘one-size’ fits all approach to understanding SIE adjustment is overly simplified and omits contextual considerations. Canadian SIEs struggled with issues related to power distance, collectivism and communication styles, whereas language barriers, individualism and hierarchical differences were major challenges for Korean SIEs. We apply our findings to previous conceptual models of cross-cultural adjustment and discuss three criteria: size of cultural gap, direction of immigration and unique contextual factors as necessary for understanding the intricate dynamics of SIE and host-country national relationships. Implications and limitations of this study are followed by recommendations for future research.

Advancing medical education: connecting interprofessional collaboration and education opportunities with integrative medicine initiatives to build shared learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Templeman ◽  
Anske Robinson ◽  
Lisa McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Integrative Medicine ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Grounded Theory Method

AbstractBackgroundImproved teamwork between conventional and complementary medicine (CM) practitioners is indicated to achieve effective healthcare. However, little is known about interprofessional collaboration and education in the context of integrative medicine (IM).MethodsThis paper reports the findings from a constructivist-grounded theory method study that explored and highlighted Australian medical students’ experiences and opportunities for linking interprofessional collaboration and learning in the context of IM. Following ethical approval, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 medical students from 10 medical education faculties across Australian universities.ResultsMedical students recognised the importance of interprofessional teamwork between general medical practitioners and CM professionals in patient care and described perspectives of shared responsibilities, profession-specific responsibilities, and collaborative approaches within IM. While students identified that limited interprofessional collaboration currently occurred in the medical curriculum, interprofessional education was considered a means of increasing communication and collaboration between healthcare professionals, helping coordinate effective patient care, and understanding each healthcare team members’ professional role and value.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that medical curricula should include opportunities for medical students to develop required skills, behaviours, and attitudes for interprofessional collaboration and interprofessional education within the context of IM. While this is a qualitative study that reflects theoretical saturation from a selected cohort of medical students, the results also point to the importance of including CM professionals within interprofessional collaboration, thus contributing to more person-centred care.

scholarly journals Challenges and Obstacles to Clinical Guidelines from the Perspectives of Urology Residents: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-323
Author(s):  
ali jannati ◽  
sakineh hajebrahimi ◽  
mina azizzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
External Monitoring ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological Study

Background and Objectives: Clinicians rely on clinical guidelines for decision making. Carefully formulated clinical guidelines are the result of a combination of relevant researches that links evidence to clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the barriers to the use of clinical guidelines from viewpoints of residents. Material and Methods: This study is a qualitative phenomenological study that examines the experiences of the residents of Urology Department of Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz City of Iran. The sampling method was purposive. Qualitative content analysis used to analyze this study. To validate the results, the interviews were repeatedly read and the opinions of colleagues were regularly used. External monitoring was used to increase its reliability. Results: 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the urology residents of Imam Reza Hospital. The results showed that the challenges and barriers to the implementation of clinical guidelines were classified into three main themes: 1. Structural challenges: doctors' distrust of clinical guidelines, Illegitimacy and lack of local clinical guidelines. 2. Executive challenges: routine processes, Lack of agreeable atmosphere, resistance to change among physicians and high number of patients and lack of facilities. 3. Educational challenges: lack of residency time and lack of practical educational structure for students. Conclusion: Given the importance of proper implementation of clinical guidelines as a link to up-to-date knowledge and practice and given the existing structural, executive and educational problems, obstacles and challenges, it is hoped that researchers, managers, policymakers and Patients should take steps to remove barriers to the proper implementation of clinical guidelines and provide high quality services to patients.

scholarly journals Are Stories and Anecdotes an Underused Pedagogic Technique in Undergraduate Medicine? A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Richardson ◽  
Linda Jones
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medical Teaching ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Undergraduate Medicine ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: Arguably storytelling is a recognised teaching method used in different fields such as teaching children, religion, and culture. Its use in medical teaching is apparent, but little is known of how valuable this method is within medical teaching. This study aimed to explore the perceptions stakeholders have of using stories within teaching and learning at Dundee Medical School. We hope to understand how stories are perceived and to consider how educators might optimise their use. Methods: A qualitative approach allowed for the exploration of participants perceptions of storytelling within medical teaching. Purposive sampling was used to sample medical students and educators. Eleven students participated in one of three group semi-structured interviews and five individual semi-structured interviews with educators took place. The data collected was coded and analysed to reveal themes and sub-themes regarding storytelling at Dundee Medical School. Results: Both stakeholder groups sampled highly valued the use of stories and anecdotes within medical teaching. Whilst both suggested the same purposes, types and impact of stories and identified similar barriers to using storytelling such as confidence and experience. Students were more focused on the importance of the relevance, delivery, and context of where a story was being told for stories to be effective, whilst for faculty, their perceptions didn’t involve these themes. Conclusions: The findings from this small study have provided insight into how storytelling is perceived and developed some recommendations for optimising its use within medical education at Dundee Medical School. This highlights the value of this method to educators and exemplifies the important qualities stories can help to foster amongst students, whilst suggesting a possible theory on how to successfully utilise them.

‘We might as well be speaking different languages’: an innovative interprofessional education tool to teach and assess communication skills critical to patient safety

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Gillespie ◽  
Jennifer Adams ◽  
Kathleen Hanley ◽  
Ellen Wagner ◽  
Amara Shaker-Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Team Work ◽  
New York University

IntroductionAll practicing health professionals must be able to communicate effectively with their colleagues around the care of patients. Better communication between health professionals not only improves patient outcomes, but also cuts down on costly and unnecessary tests or healthcare services. At New York University (NYU), we have addressed the need for interprofessional education (IPE) by incorporating a set of interprofessional objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) cases into our performance-based assessment programme to expand the educational tools for interprofessional collaborative (IPC) practice, assessment and feedback.MethodsWe identified and operationalised IPC competencies to create an assessment tool for use in IPC clinical cases, delineating core domains and then identifying observable behaviours that represented the broader competencies. IPC cases (for use in OSCEs) were designed in a way that required medical students and residents to collaborate effectively with a health professional from another discipline (standardised registered nurse (RN)) in order to provide quality care to a (standardised) patient. Feedback from the standardised RN and the participants was content analysed and our own experience in implementing was described.ResultsThis method demonstrates that IPC practice can effectively be incorporated into medical education training and assessment, at the undergraduate and graduate level. We found high internal consistency among items within each of the core IPC competency domains (Cronbach's α 0.80–0.85). Based on both standardised RN and faculty feedback, the cases were effective in discriminating among learners within and across undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) levels, and within learners, in identifying individual strengths and weaknesses. Learners found these cases to be realistic, challenging and stimulating.ConclusionsOSCE-based IPC training is a feasible and useful methodology. Ultimately, IPC OSCE cases are training tools that provide learners with a safe environment to practice, receive feedback and develop the critical skills needed for our evolving healthcare system. The next steps are to expand the scope of IPE cases to include more team members, and team work to also incorporate faculty development to ensure that our teachers and role models are effective in providing feedback on IPC practice.

Different Forms of Work Satisfaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Büssing ◽  
Thomas Bissels
Keyword(s):  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Global Satisfaction ◽  
Evaluative Processes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Level Of Aspiration

The extended model of different forms of work satisfaction ( Büssing, 1991 ), originally proposed by Bruggemann (1974) , is suggested as a distinctive qualitative approach to work satisfaction. Six forms of work satisfaction—progressive, stabilized, resigned satisfaction, constructive, fixated, resigned dissatisfaction—are derived from the constellation of four constituent variables: comparison of the actual work situation and personal aspirations, global satisfaction, changes in level of aspiration, controllability at work. Preliminary evidence from semi-structured interviews with 46 nurses shows that the dynamic model is headed in the right direction (qualitative differentiation of consistently high propertions of satisfied employees, uncovering processes of person-work situation interaction). Qualitative methods demonstrated their usefulness in accessing underlying cognitive and evaluative processes of the forms, which are often neglected by traditional attitude-based satisfaction research.

scholarly journals Exploring the experiences related to postpartum changes: perspectives of mothers and healthcare providers in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Asadi ◽  
Mahnaz Noroozi ◽  
Mousa Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
New Period ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Field Notes

Abstract Background Numerous changes occur in different aspects of women’s lives in the postpartum period. Women’s adjusting with problems and taking advantage of this opportunity can develop their personality. In this regard, accurate knowledge of their experiences and feelings is necessary to help them to benefit from this period. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the experiences related to postpartum changes in women. Methods In the present qualitative study, 23 participants, including women of childbearing age who gave birth and healthcare providers (midwives and obstetricians) in Isfahan, Iran were selected using purposive sampling with a maximum variation strategy. Data were collected through in-depth semi structured interviews, field notes, and daily notes, and simultaneously analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis. Results The data analysis results led to the extraction of three main categories including “feeling of decreased female attractiveness” (with two sub-categories of “ feeling of decreased beauty” and “feeling of decreased sexual function”), “feeling of insolvency and helplessness” (with two sub-categories of “physical burnout”, and “mental preoccupations”) and “beginning a new period in life” (with three sub-categories of “changing the meaning of life”, “feeling of maturity” and “deepening the communication”). Conclusions Findings of this study can provide a good context for designing interventions to improve the women’s quality of life by explaining and highlighting their experiences in the postpartum period. In this regard, providing sufficient empathy, social and psychological support from family members (especially husband), performing appropriate educational interventions and also regular assessment of women’s psychological state by healthcare providers in postpartum period can reduce their concerns and help to improve their health.

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