scholarly journals Psychological and Social Impact of COVID-19 in Pakistan: Need for Gender Responsive Policies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
FAUZIAH RABBANI ◽  
Hyder Ali Khan ◽  
Suneel Piryani ◽  
Areeba Raza Khan ◽  
Fahad Abid
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Precautionary Behavior ◽  
Radio Programs ◽  
Gender Impacts

Abstract BACKGROUNDCOVID-19 has rapidly crossed borders, infecting people throughout the world. Women may be especially vulnerable to depression and anxiety due to the pandemic, AIMSThis study attempted to assess how gender impacts risk perceptions, anxiety levels behavioral responses to the COVID 19 pandemic in Pakistan in order to recommend gender responsive health policies METHODSA cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Participants were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and questions on their risk perceptions, preventive behavior and information exposure. Regression analysis was used to assess effects of factors such as age, gender and household income on anxiety levels.RESULTSOf the 1390 respondents, 478 were women, and 913 were men. Women considered their chances of survival to be relatively lower than men ( 59 % women vs 73% men). They were also more anxious (62% women vs 50% men), and more likely to adopt precautionary behavior, such as avoiding going to the hospital (78% women vs. 71% men), not going to work (72% women and 57% men), and using disinfectants (93% women and 86% men). Men were more likely to trust friends, family and social media as reliable sources of COVID-19 information, while women were more likely to trust doctors.CONCLUSIONWomen experience a disproportion burden of the psychological and social impact of the pandemic compared to men. Involving doctors in healthcare communication targeting women, might prove effective. Social media and radio programs may be effective in disseminating information related to COVID among men.

scholarly journals Psychological and social impact of COVID-19 in Pakistan: Need for Gender Responsive Policies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziah Rabbani ◽  
Hyder Ali Khan ◽  
Suneel Piryani ◽  
Areeba Raza Khan ◽  
Fahad Abid
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Precautionary Behavior ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Radio Programs ◽  
Gender Impacts

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDCOVID-19 has rapidly crossed borders, infecting people throughout the world. Women may be especially vulnerable to depression and anxiety due to the pandemic,AIMSThis study attempted to assess how gender impacts risk perceptions, anxiety levels behavioral responses to the COVID 19 pandemic in Pakistan in order to recommend gender responsive health policiesMETHODSA cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Participants were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and questions on their risk perceptions, preventive behavior and information exposure. Regression analysis was used to assess effects of factors such as age, gender and household income on anxiety levels.RESULTSOf the 1390 respondents, 478 were women, and 913 were men. Women considered their chances of survival to be relatively lower than men (59 % women vs 73% men). They were also more anxious (62% women vs 50% men), and more likely to adopt precautionary behavior, such as avoiding going to the hospital (78% women vs. 71% men), not going to work (72% women and 57% men), and using disinfectants (93% women and 86% men). Men were more likely to trust friends, family and social media as reliable sources of COVID-19 information, while women were more likely to trust doctors.CONCLUSIONWomen experience a disproportion burden of the psychological and social impact of the pandemic compared to men. Involving doctors in healthcare communication targeting women, might prove effective. Social media and radio programs may be effective in disseminating information related to COVID among men.

scholarly journals Gender-specific psychological and social impact of COVID-19 in Pakistan

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziah Rabbani ◽  
Hyder Ali Khan ◽  
Suneel Piryani ◽  
Areeba Raza Khan ◽  
Fahad Abid
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Preventive Behaviour ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Background COVID-19 has rapidly spread across the world. Women may be especially vulnerable to depression and anxiety as a result of the pandemic. Aims This study attempted to assess how gender affects risk perceptions, anxiety levels and behavioural responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, to recommend gender-responsive health policies. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Participants were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and questions on their risk perceptions, preventive behaviour and information exposure. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effects of factors such as age, gender and household income on anxiety levels. Results Of the 1391 respondents, 478 were women and 913 were men. Women considered their chances of survival to be relatively lower than men (59% v. 73%). They were also more anxious (62% v. 50%) and more likely to adopt precautionary behaviour, such as avoiding going to the hospital (78% v. 71%), not going to work (72% v. 57%) and using disinfectants (93% v. 86%). Men were more likely to trust friends, family and social media as reliable sources of COVID-19 information, whereas women were more likely to trust doctors. Conclusions Women experience a disproportionate burden of the psychological and social impact of the pandemic compared with men. Involving doctors in healthcare communication targeting women might prove effective. Social media and radio programmes may be effective in disseminating COVID-19-related information to men.

scholarly journals Experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional analysis of risk perceptions and mental health in a student cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Jia ◽  
Holly Knight ◽  
Holly Blake ◽  
Dame Jessica Corner ◽  
Chris Denning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the COVID-19 risk perceptions and mental health of university students on returning to campus in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAn online survey was completed during the first four weeks of the academic year (October 2020) by 897 university students. The survey included demographics and measures of experiences of COVID-19 testing, self-isolation, shielding, perceived risk, mental health and indices capturing related psychological responses to the pandemic.ResultsWe observed higher levels of depression and anxiety, but not stress, in students compared with pre- pandemic normative data, but lower than levels reported earlier in the pandemic in other similar cohorts. Depression, anxiety and stress were independently associated with greater loneliness and reduced positive mood. Greater worry about COVID-19 was also independently associated with anxiety and stress. Female students and those with pre-existing mental health disorders were at greatest risk of poor mental health outcomes.ConclusionAlthough students perceived themselves at only moderate risk of COVID-19, the prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students should remain a concern. Universities should provide adequate support for students’ mental health during term-time. Interventions to reduced loneliness and worry, and improve mood, may benefit students’ overall mental well-being.

The relationship between fatigue and depression and anxiety symptoms among front-line clinical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Li ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
Nianshi Wang ◽  
Zhixin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Physical Fatigue ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Pressure

BACKGROUND The initial outbreak of the COVID-19 disease occurred in Wuhan, China around the Spring Festival in 2020. In the face of such a high-intensity catastrophic epidemic response, Chinese doctors and nurses faced huge psychological pressure including fear, anxiety, and depression. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study is to test the association between front-line clinical workers' fatigue and depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS The current study is a cross-sectional, online survey administered to 275 healthcare professionals in Wuhan from February 22, 2020 to February 29, 2020. All respondents completed a questionnaire via WeChat, which collected demographics and responses on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14). RESULTS A total of 275 participants completed the survey, including 46 doctors (16.73%) and 229 nurses (83.27%). Depression was significantly positively associated with physical fatigue (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.41-1.83), mental fatigue (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.60-2.45), and the total score (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.39-1.75) after adjusting for age, occupation, gender, educational background, marital status, having children, years working, job title, and supporting time in Wuhan. Significant positive associations were also observed between the symptoms of anxiety and physical fatigue (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.44-1.87), mental fatigue (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.71-2.60), and the total score (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.42-1.71) in the adjusted model. Similar associations between fatigue, depression, and anxiety were found in the analyses stratified by gender and occupation. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that, among the front-line clinical workers in Wuhan, fatigue is significantly associated with depression and anxiety and mental fatigue contributes to a greater risk than physical fatigue on the mental health of clinical workers. Males and doctors were found to be more vulnerable to psychological problems such as depression and anxiety under fatigue, suggesting the need for targeted psychological interventions.

Psychological and Social Impact of Lockdown due to Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309-1313
Author(s):  
N. ibad ◽  
A. A.. Beig ◽  
F. Bukharie ◽  
I. iftikhar ◽  
J. Rasool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Psychosocial Issues ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Class Room ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Aim: To determine the psychological and social impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 and to determine the associated factors like anxiety, depression and psycho social stressors. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional online survey conducted by Department of Psychiatry, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, 500 random participants were enrolled. A pretested questionnaire was used and information was collected from a sample of 500 clients, selected via Google Class Room, Social Media (WhatsApp and Facebook). Results: The mean age of the participant’s was 24.83±5.245. Depression and anxiety scores on HADS were 6.88±2.791 and 8.42±4.09. As many as 22.2% individuals were affected financially by lockdown and 10.2% were affected badly. Due to lockdown, the bonding of individuals with their partners was affected positively in 22.2% cases and negatively in 18%. Bonding with the parents/children was affected positively in 23.8% cases and negatively, in 61.8%. Depression was reported by 43.6% individuals and anxiety was reported by 55.3% individuals. Conclusion: Significant psychosocial issues have emerged as a result of lockdown imposed because of Covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan. The high rates of psychosocial issues have been found to be associated with depression and anxiety. Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, Lockdown, Depression, Anxiety, Psychosocial effects

scholarly journals The catastrophization of pain is related to the patient and not to the migraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Almeida Guimarães Nogueira ◽  
Flávia Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Vitor Martinez de Carvalho ◽  
Carina Tellaroli ◽  
Yara Dadalti Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Visual Analogue Pain Scale ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Analogue Pain ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

Background: Catastrophization is a psychological aspect of pain that alters its perception and expression. Objective: Assess catastrophization in migraine. Design and setting: Cross-sectional observational study conducted by online survey, 2020. Method: Online survey of individuals suffering from migraine attacks at least twice a month, for at least one year. Confidentiality was assured. The participant gave details of his/her headache (including via a visual analogue pain scale) and answered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Catastrophization Scale questionnaires. Results: The survey identified 242 individuals with migraine attacks at least twice a month. The median scores observed in this group of individuals were 7 for pain, 11 for anxiety, 7 for depression and 2 for catastrophization. Catastrophization had no correlation with the duration or intensity of migraine pain. There was no correlation between catastrophization and headache frequency or the monthly amount of headache medication taken. High scores for catastrophization were identified in one third of the participants. High scores were not associated with age, headache duration, pain severity, frequency of attacks or traits of depression or anxiety. There was a moderate association between both depression and anxiety traits with catastrophization. Conclusion: Catastrophization seems to be a trait of the individual and appears to be unrelated to the characteristics of the migraine.

scholarly journals Factors associated with depression and anxiety in the adult population of Qatar after the first COVID-19 wave: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Mawfek Khaled ◽  
Iman Amro ◽  
Lina Bader ◽  
Peter Woodruff ◽  
Majid A. Alabdulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

AbstractThere is limited data from Arabic-speaking countries on risk factors for depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Country-specific data is necessary given differences in culture, demographics, and COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. The main purpose of the study is to identify the factors associated with symptoms of depression-anxiety in the adult population of Qatar during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in Qatar between July and December 2020 after Qatar’s first COVID-19 wave and before the beginning of the second wave. Depression-anxiety was defined as a cut-off of 20 or higher on the Patient Health Questionnaire-Anxiety Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Of 1138 participants, 71.0% were female, 69.0% Arabs, 70.0% Non-Qataris, and 77.0% were < 40 years (the median age in Qatar is 32 years). In a fully-adjusted model, six variables were significantly associated with moderate-to-severe levels of depression or anxiety on the PHQ-ADS; Arab ethnicity (OR = 1.67, p = 0.026), never married versus married (OR = 1.69, p = 0.015), prior history of psychiatric disorder versus no history (OR = 1.80, p = 0.009), increased worries due to social media use for COVID-related news/updates (OR = 1.72, p = 0.003), a history of COVID-19 (OR = 1.76, p = 0.039), loneliness (OR = 1.91, p < 0.001), and lower levels of religiosity (OR = 0.96, p = 0.039). These associations also pertained in the reduced model, with the exception of religiosity which was only marginally statistically significant (OR = 0.97, p = 0.055). The potential risk factors identified may assist with anxiety and depression prevention in future COVID-19 waves, and similar national events, and assist with early intervention to treat sufferers.

scholarly journals Factores psicosociales en estudiantes universitarios de Loreto, Ancash, Moquegua y Puno durante el confinamiento por el Covid-19, Perú

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (68) ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Apaza-Panca ◽  
Pedro J. Maquera-Luque ◽  
José O. Huanca-Frías ◽  
Luis A. Supo-Quispe ◽  
Anthony P. Távara-Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Vulnerability To Stress ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
As Stress

The study was carried out with the objective of comparing and analyzing psychosocial factors such as stress, depression and anxiety in undergraduate university students from Loreto, Ancash, Moquegua and Puno during confinement by Covid-19, Peru. The study was based on a non-experimental, quantitative-descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational design with non-probability and intentional sampling, an online survey was applied to a sample of 665 undergraduate students using validated instruments such as the List of Indicators of Vulnerability to stress, the Zung Depression Scale, and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. The study reports vulnerability to stress in 50.8%, 46.3%, 36.4% and 37.5% in Loreto, Ancash, Moquegua and Puno. The prevalence of depression was 100.0%, 97.6%, 96.9% and 95.2% between mild, moderate and severe; likewise, 100.0% presented anxiety symptoms. It was concluded that a situation of obligatory social confinement is directly related to the presence of stress, depression and anxiety, particularly in undergraduate university students, affecting a greater proportion of women; of these between 19 and 22 years, and with a higher incidence in regions with a greater number of confirmed cases; where insomnia, worry and irritability are the most significant symptoms.

scholarly journals Survey of young people in one region of the UK on accessing COVID-19 information (SOCIAL)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000942
Author(s):  
Oliver G P Lawton ◽  
Sarah A Lawton ◽  
Lisa Dikomitis ◽  
Joanne Protheroe ◽  
Joanne Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young People ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Gaps ◽  
The Uk

COVID-19 has significantly impacted young people’s lives yet little is known about the COVID-19 related sources of information they access. We performed a cross-sectional survey of pupils (11–16 years) in North Staffordshire, UK. 408 (23%) pupils responded to an online survey emailed to them by their school. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. Social media, accessed by 68%, played a significant role in the provision of information, despite it not being considered trustworthy. 89% felt that COVID-19 had negatively affected their education. Gaps in the provision of information on COVID-19 have been identified.

scholarly journals Young adults’ coping strategies against loneliness during the COVID-19-related quarantine in Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianos Golemis ◽  
Panteleimon Voitsidis ◽  
Eleni Parlapani ◽  
Vasiliki A Nikopoulou ◽  
Virginia Tsipropoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Cross Sectional

Summary COVID-19 and the related quarantine disrupted young adults’ academic and professional life, daily routine and socio-emotional well-being. This cross-sectional study focused on the emotional and behavioural responses of a young adult population during the COVID-19-related quarantine in April 2020, in Greece. The study was conducted through an online survey. A total of 1559 young adults, aged 18−30 years, completed Steele’s Social Responsibility Motivation Scale and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and answered questions about compliance with instructions, quarantine-related behaviours and coping strategies. According to the results, participants displayed a relatively high sense of social responsibility (M = 16.09, SD = 2.13) and a trend towards moderate feeling of loneliness (M = 2.65, SD = 1.62); young women reported significantly higher levels of loneliness than men. The majority complied with instructions often (46.4%) or always (44.8%). Significantly more women created a new social media account and used the social media longer than 5 h/day, compared with men. Resorting to religion, practicing sports and sharing thoughts and feelings about COVID-19 with others predicted higher levels of social responsibility; humour, practicing sports and sharing thoughts and feelings about COVID-19 with others predicted lower levels of loneliness. Conclusively, COVID-19 is expected to have a significant psychological impact on young adults. Currently, Greece is going through the second quarantine period. This study raises awareness about loneliness in young adults during the COVID-19-related quarantine and highlights the importance of developing online programmes, attractive to younger people, to nurture adaptive coping strategies against loneliness.

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