scholarly journals Which micro-organisms are transferred by healthcare personnel between hospital and home?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerife ORHAN ◽  
Mehtap SÖNMEZ ◽  
Arzu KAYIŞ ◽  
Murat ARAL
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Hospital To Home ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: The aim of ths study was to determine which micro-organisms are transferred from home to hospital, and which from hospital to home, by the hands of healthcare personnel. Methods: A total of 10 doctors and 53 nurses, selected at random according to the clinics where they worked, were included. The study data were collected in two stages. In the first stage, the study participants completed a personal information form. In the second stage, samples were taken from the right and left hands of the healthcare personnel on entering and leaving the hospital.Results: According to the samples taken, there was determined to be greater bacteria production on the hands of the healthcare personnel when entering the hospital. The greatest production was in the least washed area of the right hand (93.7% on entry, 74.6% on exit). Nurses and those working in surgical clinics were seen to have greater bacteria production on both entry to and exit from the hospital compared to other healthcare workers. Conculusion: The study results showed that just as healthcare personnel transferred some micro-organisms from home to hospital on their hands, they also transferred some bacteria to home on leaving the hospital. With the necessary precautions taken to prevent the transfer of micro-organisms to or from hospital, the prevalence of hospital infections will decrease.

scholarly journals Dual-stage sugar substitution in Tommy Atkins mango

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Rafael A. B. de Medeiros ◽  
Zilmar M. P. Barros ◽  
Carlos B. O. de Carvalho ◽  
Antonio C. D. Coêlho ◽  
Maria I. S. Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Dual Stage ◽  
Sugar Replacement ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
High Calorie

ABSTRACT The dual-stage sugar substitution technique (D3S) was used to induce sugar replacement in mango. It involved two stages, in which high-calorie sugars were partially removed from the fruit samples in the first stage and, in the second one, low-calorie sugar was incorporated into the mango. Ultrasonic waves can be applied in one or both stages and their use was also evaluated in this study. Results showed that submitting samples to ultrasonic waves (25 kHz) in both stages and their immersion in Stevia-based solution (250 or 500 g kg-1) in the second stage for 10, 20 and 30 min of processing gave higher water loss during the process, while greater solids gain could be achieved by applying ultrasound only in the first stage. Samples were also evaluated in terms of some quality parameters. The use of this technique resulted in samples with higher values of total phenolic content and changes in color parameters (L*, a* and b*). When samples were subjected to ultrasonic waves in both stages, a higher carotenoid retention was observed.

Do Teacher Attitudes Impact TeachingThrough Information Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumari Katoch
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Good Sample ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Selection Of

Teachers’ styles, and mainly their attitudes, are strong context outcomes, rooted in experience and do not become automatic routine conducts, in the sense that they are developed via very slow interactions and become well established constructs for each individual only after some time. In that sense attitudes can be modified only by each individual, when he/she becomes aware, via elements and evidence, that new postures would be better to deal with the world around. In the present study data regarding the attitude of teachers towards information technology was gathered with the help of survey method. All the school teachers of districts Bilaspur and Hamirpur of Himachal Pradesh constituted the population of the study. In order to ensure high quality of research, selection of a good sample is must. For this purpose sampling was done at two stages. At the first stage 14 schools were selected and in the second stage 150 teachers were selected randomly from the each selected school. Keeping in view the nature of the present study the investigator used the standardized tool, “Attitude towards Information Technology Scales. The reliability of the tool is 0.88. To find out the significance of difference between the various groups ‘t’-test was applied. The findings of the study revealed that gender-wise, locality-wise, school teachers do not differed significantlyin their attitude towards information technology.

scholarly journals Reasons: Wrong, Right, Normative, Fundamental

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Errol Lord ◽  
Kurt Sylvan
Keyword(s):  
Normative Reasons ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Wrong Kind Of Reasons

Reasons fundamentalists maintain that we can analyze all derivative normative properties in terms of normative reasons. These theorists famously encounter the Wrong Kind of Reasons (WKR) problem, since not all reasons for reactions seem relevant for reasons-based analyses. Some have argued that this problem is a general one for many theorists, and claim that this lightens the burden for reasons fundamentalists. We argue in this paper that the reverse is true: the generality of the problem makes life harder for reasons fundamentalists. We do this in two stages. First, we show that reflection on the generality of the distinction between wrong-kind reasons and right-kind reasons shows that not all right-kind reasons are normative reasons. So, not only do reasons-based analyses require a distinction between right-kind reasons and wrong-kind reasons, they also need a distinction between normative right-kind reasons from nonnormative right-kind reasons. We call this the Right Kind of Reasons Problem. In the second stage of the paper, we argue that reasons fundamentalism places tight constraints on its proper solution: in particular, it forbids one from appealing to anything normative to distinguish normative RKRs from nonnormative RKRs. It hence seems that reasons fundamentalists can only appeal to natural facts to solve the problem, but it is unclear which ones can do the job. So, reflection on the generality of the distinction only multiplies the fundamentalist’s problems. We end by exploring several solutions to these problems, and recommend a form of constitutivism as the best.

Educative strategy between women for the incentive of the use of the condom: A story of experience.

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Lydia Vieira Freitas ◽  
Larissa Castelo Guedes Martins ◽  
Iane Ximenes Teixeira ◽  
Uily Antunes Silveira ◽  
Renata Kelly Soares de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Uso Del Condón ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Basic Level

ABSTRACTObjective: to report an activity of health education about aspects related to the correct use of condoms. Method: Descriptive study that was made with women in the waiting room of a Health Unit, while they were waiting for a gynecologic or obstetric appointment. The educative activity had two stages: firstly, the participants were stimulated to demonstrate how they put a condom in a plastic penis protesis in order for, from their previous knowledge on, the researchers to start the discussions about the use of the condom, reinforcing positive points and correcting the defective ones. The second stage was to finish the activity with a demonstration of the right way of putting a condom in the protesis. Our criterion to include the sample in the research is only the acceptance of women in the study, according to Resolution 196/96. Results: we could see that the women reported in this study are badly informed about the correct use of the condom, which makes them so exposed to the same risks as a person who does not use the condom. Conclusion: it is necessary, therefore, that educative strategies are carried out to supply the population with this information in basic level attention to health. Descriptors: condoms; health education; sexually transmitted diseases.RESUMOObjetivo: relatar uma atividade de educação em saúde sobre aspectos relacionados ao uso correto do condom. Método: estudo descritivo, realizado na sala de espera de uma unidade básica de saúde, enquanto as mulheres aguardavam consulta Ginecológica ou Obstétrica. A atividade educativa constava de dois momentos: primeiramente, as participantes eram estimuladas a demonstrar como se coloca o condom em uma prótese peniana de plástico para, a partir do conhecimento prévio das mesmas, as facilitadoras iniciarem as discussões sobre o uso do condom, reforçando pontos positivos e corrigindo os aspectos deficientes. A segunda etapa consistiu em encerrar a atividade com a demonstração correta da colocação do condom na prótese. Tivemos como critério de inclusão apenas a aceitação das mulheres em participar do estudo, de acordo com a Resolução 196/96. Resultados: constatou-se que as mulheres participantes desse estudo, muitas vezes, estão desprovidas de informações sobre a correta utilização do mesmo, podendo estar expostas aos mesmos riscos que uma pessoa que não utiliza este método. Conclusão: faz-se necessária, portanto, a realização de estratégias educativas que forneçam estas informações à população em nível de atenção básica de saúde. Descritores: preservativos; educação em saúde; doenças sexualmente transmissíveis.RESUMENObjetivo: divulgar una actividad de educación en salud sobre los aspectos relacionados con el uso correcto de los condones. Método: estudio descriptivo, hecho en la sala de espera de una unidad de salud, mientras las mujeres que esperaban una consulta ginecológica u obstétrica. La actividad educativa tenía dos etapas: primer, las participantes demostraban cómo ellas ponían un condón en una prótesis plástica de pene para, con bases en sus conocimientos anteriores, los investigadores comenzaren las discusiones sobre el uso del condón, reforzando puntos positivos y todavía corregir los defectuosos. La según etapa, fue acabar la actividad con una demostración de la manera correcta de poner un condón en la prótesis. Establecimos como criterio para incluir las participantes del estudio sólo la aceptación de las mujeres en el mismo, de acuerdo con la Resolución 196/96. Resultados: Pudimos ver que las mujeres no están informadas sobre el uso correcto del condone, que las hace así expuestas a los mismos riesgos que una persona que no utilice ningún condone. Conclusión: es necesaria, por lo tanto, que las estrategias educativas sean realizadas para proveer a la población de esta información en la atención básica de salud. Descriptores: condones; educación en salud; enfermedades de transmisión sexual.

scholarly journals The management of auricular defect using retroauricular flap

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1912
Author(s):  
Ratna Rayeni Natasha Roosseno ◽  
Primawati .
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Ear Reconstruction ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Success Indicators ◽  
Aesthetic Results ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Minimal Scar

Management of auricular defect is still a challenge for reconstructive plastic surgeons. The complexity of anatomy and shape will make the reconstruction complicated. It is also inevitable that choosing the right donor to close the defect that resembles the original contour is one of the success indicators of any ear reconstruction. There are wide selections of techniques for the management of auricular defect. Retroauricular flap is one of the best choices in auricular reconstruction due to its vascular richness, low of failure rate, similarity of tissue contour and the ease of closing the donor-site defect primarily. This article reported three cases of auricular defect with various causes: crushed injury, human bite, and tumor excision. Two stages of surgeries were performed on all three patients. After sufficient debridement, the ear defect is planted beneath retroauriculomastoid dermis. The second stage, three weeks from the first surgery, the donor flap is separated from it host. One week follow up after the second stage surgery, all of the post-operative wounds showed no signs of infection, minimal scar formation and has satisfied aesthetic outcomes. The retroauricular flap has the advantages of simple dissection, low failure rate and has a good shape, texture, color for a very good aesthetic results. This flap may be considered as a good solution in the management of auricular defect and a flap bank for ear reconstruction.

Altered Fine Structure of B Lymphocytes Correlated with Defective Terminal Differentiation

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
Dale E. Bockman ◽  
L. Y. Frank Wu ◽  
Alexander R. Lawton ◽  
Max D. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Cell Line Generation

B-lymphocytes normally synthesize small amounts of immunoglobulin, some of which is incorporated into the cell membrane where it serves as receptor of antigen. These cells, on contact with specific antigen, proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells which synthesize and secrete large quantities of immunoglobulin. The two stages of differentiation of this cell line (generation of B-lymphocytes and antigen-driven maturation to plasma cells) are clearly separable during ontogeny and in some immune deficiency diseases. The present report describes morphologic aberrations of B-lymphocytes in two diseases in which second stage differentiation is defective.

Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering algorithm for cluster head selection (DEEEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8139-8147
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Arun ◽  
Rangaswamy Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ch Selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) the energy of Sensor nodes is not certainly sufficient. In order to optimize the endurance of WSN, it is essential to minimize the utilization of energy. Head of group or Cluster Head (CH) is an eminent method to develop the endurance of WSN that aggregates the WSN with higher energy. CH for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication becomes dependent. For complete, in WSN, the Energy level of CH extends its life of cluster. While evolving cluster algorithms, the complicated job is to identify the energy utilization amount of heterogeneous WSNs. Based on Chaotic Firefly Algorithm CH (CFACH) selection, the formulated work is named “Novel Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm”, in short, DEEEC for HWSNs. The formulated DEEEC Algorithm, which is a CH, has two main stages. In the first stage, the identification of temporary CHs along with its entropy value is found using the correlative measure of residual and original energy. Along with this, in the clustering algorithm, the rotating epoch and its entropy value must be predicted automatically by its sensor nodes. In the second stage, if any member in the cluster having larger residual energy, shall modify the temporary CHs in the direction of the deciding set. The target of the nodes with large energy has the probability to be CHs which is determined by the above two stages meant for CH selection. The MATLAB is required to simulate the DEEEC Algorithm. The simulated results of the formulated DEEEC Algorithm produce good results with respect to the energy and increased lifetime when it is correlated with the current traditional clustering protocols being used in the Heterogeneous WSNs.

Analisis Kebutuhan Petunjuk Praktikum Berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains untuk Mencapai Kemampuan Merancang Eksperimen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitriah Khoirunnisa ◽  
Friska Septiani Silitonga ◽  
Veri Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Core Competence ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Science Process Skills ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Core Competence ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Practical Instruction ◽  
Design Experiments

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebutuhan petunjuk praktikum berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) untuk mencapai kemampuan merancang eksperimen pada materi kalor reaksi kalorimetri. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap peserta didik kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Kota Tanjungpinang. Variabel penelitian mencakup analisis kebutuhan bahan ajar dan analisis kesesuaian Kompetensi Inti (KI) dan Kompetensi Dasar (KD). Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Tahapan pertama dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebutuhan bahan ajar dengan cara membandingkan dua petunjuk praktikum yang selama ini telah digunakan di sekolah tersebut, ditinjau dari aspek struktur format penulisan, aspek kreativitas, dan aspek keterampilan proses sains yang terdapat dalam petunjuk praktikum. Sehingga didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa petunjuk praktikum yang selama ini digunakan tidak memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didiknya untuk merancang eksperimen yang telah ditentukan. Tahapan kedua yaitu menganalisis kesesuaian kompetensi inti dan kompetensi dasar, yang bertujuan untuk menentukan indikator pencapaian kompetensi (IPK) yang akan menjadi acuan dalam mengembangkan petunjuk praktikum berbasis keterampilan proses sains. Dari kedua tahapan yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta didik memerlukan petunjuk praktikum yang mampu mengonstruksi pikiran dan mengaktifkan kinerja mereka, sehingga pendekatan Keterampilan Proses Sains menjadi pilihan dalam mengembangkan petunjuk praktikum yang sesuai dengan karakteristik kurikulum 2013.   This research aims to analyze the needs of Science Process Skills based Practical Instruction to achieve the ability to design experiments on the calor of reaction. This research was done to the students of class XI SMA Negeri 2 Tanjungpinang City. Research Variable includes the analysis of the needs of the learning materials and analysis of the suitability of the Core Competence (KI) and Basic Competence (KD). The type of research conducted is descriptive qualitative research. The first stages in this research is to analyze the needs of learning materials by comparing two practical instructions that had been implementing in the school, from the aspects of the structure of writing format, creativity, and science process skills embedded in practical instructions. The conclusion of this research that current practical instructions does not give an opportunity to the participants to design determined experiments. The second stage, namely analyzing the suitability of core competence and basic competence, which aims to determine the indicators of achievement of the competencies (GPA) which will be a reference in developing process skills-based teaching instructions science. Of the two stages that has been done then it can be concluded that learners need practical instructions to construct  thinking and and their performance, so the Science Process Skills approach is an option in developing practical instruction suitable for the characteristics of the curriculum of 2013.

ESTIMATING GAS AND ROCK OUTBURST RISK ON THE BASIS OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE – THE EXPERT SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Skoczylas
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Outburst Hazard

Abstract The Author endeavored to consult some of the Polish experts who deal with assessing and preventing outburst hazards as to their knowledge and experience. On the basis of this knowledge, an expert system, based on fuzzy logic, was created. The system allows automatic assessment of outburst hazard. The work was completed in two stages. The first stage involved researching relevant sources and rules concerning outburst hazard, and, subsequently, determining a number of parameters measured or observed in the mining industry that are potentially connected with the outburst phenomenon and can be useful when estimating outburst hazard. Then, the Author contacted selected experts who are actively involved in preventing outburst hazard, both in the industry and science field. The experts were anonymously surveyed, which made it possible to select the parameters which are the most essential in assessing outburst hazard. The second stage involved gaining knowledge from the experts by means of a questionnaire-interview. Subjective opinions on estimating outburst hazard on the basis of the parameters selected during the first stage were then systematized using the structures typical of the expert system based on fuzzy logic.

Seven-Year Follow-Up of Screening for Hypertension and Diabetes at a Dental Clinic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Friman
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Medical Screening ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Dental Setting ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To describe the distribution of risk, diagnosis and pharmacological treatments for diabetes and hypertension after seven years among patients provided with opportunistic medical screening in a dental setting. Material and Methods: The initial screening’s 170 participants were asked to take part in a seven-year follow-up study. Data were collected through self-reported information in a written health declaration. Outcome measures: • Number of study participants who had passed away • Prescription of antidiabetics or antihypertensives • Changes in weight and height to calculate body mass index (BMI) Results: The follow-up study consisted of 151 participants. Twenty had passed away. The risk needs for medicating with antihypertensive drugs after seven years for those not receiving pharmacological treatment at the initial screening was 3.7 times greater (p=0.025 CI 1.2-11.3) for participants with a diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 90 mm Hg (85 for diabetics) than for the others. The risk was 3.9 times greater (p=0.020 CI 1.2-12.6) for those with a systolic BP of 140-159 mm Hg and 54.2 times greater (p<0.0001 CI 9.8-300.3) for those with a systolic BP ≥ 160 mm Hg than for those with a systolic BP 140 mm Hg. There were no changes in BMI. Conclusion: At least one in ten cases of incorrect medication or undiagnosed hypertension may be identifiable through opportunistic medical screening

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