Skin‐patch Of Ding Zi Gao on Relieving Local and Systemic Symptoms in Patients with Moderate to Severe Periodic Mastalgia: A Randomized, Double‐Blind Trial

Abstract Background and purpose: The use of hormone receptor agent drugs such as androgens (tamoxifen) for the treatment of moderate and severe breast pain has limitations such as cardiac, hepatic, and nephrotoxicity and gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, there is a need to prescribe a new safe and effective topical treatment method to reduce the use of anti-inflammatory and hormonal agent drugs, the incidence of adverse effects and the financial burden on patients. This randomized controlled clinical trial investigates the clinical efficiency and safety of Skin‐patch of Ding Zi Gao (DZG) acupoint-application therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe Periodic mastalgia (MSPM), and provides a basis for the design of an optimized, safe and effective comprehensive treatment plan for MSPM.Methods: Sixty patients with moderate to severe Periodic mastalgia (MSPM) who met the inclusion criteria were selected from the breast clinic of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University and randomly divided into 30 cases in the treatment group and 30 cases in the control group. The treatment group was treated by Skin‐patch of Ding Zi Gao (DZG) acupoint-application therapy, which was applied from the 3rd day after the end of menstruation, once a day, for 6-8 h each time, 14 times as a course of treatment, and the treatment was completed within 1 month, and the application was stopped during menstruation. The control group was treated with skin patches of placebo acupoint application, and the duration and course of treatment were the same as that of the treatment group. During the 14 day course of treatment and 2-month follow-up after the experiment, the main outcome indicators (including Breast pain improvement onset time, change in breast pain VAS score, change in patient's mood, sleep, Fullness in both flank, (McGill Pain Questionnaire) MPQ and secondary outcome indicators ( Including changes in breast nodule size and gland thickness guided by breast ultrasound, VAS pain score in the 2-month follow-up at the end of treatment, and adverse reactions), At the same time, the safety of the scheme was evaluated.RESULTS: There were no differences between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index, history of breastfeeding, family history of breast disease, history of allergies, history of breast surgery, or duration of breast pain (months) before recruitment. The comparison between pre-treatment and post-treatment showed that the time to onset of breast pain improvement, visual analogue score (VAS) of breast pain, improvement in mood, sleep, fullness in both flank and the MPQ were significantly lower in both groups after treatment, and the improvement was more significant in the treatment group than in the placebo control group (P < 0.05). Both groups showed significant reductions in improving patient mammography outcomes and VAS pain scores at two months of follow-up, but there were no significant differences between the groups. In terms of safety evaluation, no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events were found.CONCLUSION: point-application treatment with skin patches of Ding Zi Gao (DZG) therapy in patients with MSPM improved breast pain and swelling, reduced breast gland thickness, and decreased breast visual analogue pain score (VAS) and MPQ score. Its efficacy was significantly better than skin patches of placebo acupoint application therapy alone. This study provides a basis for the clinical application of DZG for MSPM.

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Regression of cardiac amyloid deposits with novel therapeutics: reaching new frontiers in cardiac ATTR amyloidosis

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

L Chacko ◽

A Martinez-Naharro ◽

T Kotecha ◽

R Martone ◽

D Hutt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Cardiac Amyloidosis ◽

T1 Mapping ◽

Group Versus ◽

Control Group ◽

Cardiac Amyloid ◽

Attr Amyloidosis ◽

Amyloid Load ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Cardiac involvement is the main driver of outcome in ATTR amyloidosis. Advances in therapeutics hold potential in transforming the course of the disease but the impact on cardiac amyloid load is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of patisiran, a new double stranded RNA based gene silencing therapy and a stabilizer, diflunisal, on cardiac amyloid load as measured by CMR and T1 mapping, in patients with ATTR amyloidosis. Methods and results Thirty-two patients with hereditary cardiac amyloidosis were studied. Sixteen patients received treatment with patisiran, and sixteen control subjects did not receive any disease modifying treatment. Patients were assessed with echocardiogram, CMR, NT-proBNP and six-minute walk time measurements at baseline and at 1 year (Mean interval 11.45±3.08 months in treatment group, mean interval 12.82±5.06 months in the control group). CMR analysis comprised LV volumes, T1 mapping to measure the extracellular volume (ECV) occupied by amyloid, T2 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement imaging. At 1-year follow-up, there was a substantial reduction in cardiac amyloid burden, in keeping with cardiac amyloid regression in 45% of patients on treatment. Overall the treatment group showed a reduction in ECV at 1 year follow up compared to an increase in ECV at 1 year in the control group (−1.37%, 95% CI: −3.43 to 0.68% versus 5.02%, 95% CI: 2.86% to 7.18% respectively, p<0.001). The treatment group also showed an improvement in change in 6MWT at 1 year follow up compared to 6MWT at 1 year in the control group (−8.12 meters, 95% CI: −50.8 to 34.6 meters in the treatment group versus −132.27 meters, 95% CI: −216 to −48.6 meters in the control group, p=0.002). The treatment group showed a reduction in BNP at 1 year follow up compared to an increase in the control group (−567.87, 95% CI: −1288.90 to 153.15 in the treatment group versus 2004, 95% CI: 12.82 to 3995.45 in the control group, p<0.001). There was no significant difference from baseline and 1-year data between the control and treatment groups for the difference in echocardiographic parameters, native T1, T2. There was a significant reduction in the percentage of injected dose by 99Tc-DPD scintigraphy in treated patients at 1 year compared to baseline. Conclusions These findings provide the first compelling evidence of substantial cardiac amyloid regression in ATTR amyloidosis, as well as the potential for CMR to be used to track response in treated patients with ATTR cardiac amyloidosis. Combination therapy with transthyretin knock down and stabilizing agents may well be synergistic given enhanced stoichiometry of stabilizers in the face of much reduced plasma transthyretin concentration. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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Efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of long- lasting olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients

Rhinology Journal ◽

10.4193/rhin20.515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

L.A. Vaira ◽

C. Hopkins ◽

M. Petrocelli ◽

J.R. Lechien ◽

S. Cutrupi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Spontaneous Recovery ◽

Olfactory Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Initial Control ◽

Group A ◽

Control Study

BACKGROUND: The growing number of COVID-19 patients with long-lasting olfactory disorders makes it necessary to identify effective treatments that enhance the spontaneous recovery of olfactory function. METHODS: Multicentre randomised case-control study that involved 18 patients with COVID-19 related anosmia or severe hyposmia for more than 30 days. Nine patients were prescribed systemic prednisone and nasal irrigation with betamethasone, ambroxol and rinazine for 15 days. The other 9, untreated, patients were used as controls. The olfactory function was evaluated with CCCRC test at 20 and 40 days from the first evaluation. RESULTS: In the control group, a median olfactory score of 20 (IQR 30) was detected at baseline. At the 20-day control there was no significant improvement in olfactory function. The improvement in olfactory performance became significant at the 40-day follow-up compared to baseline scores [60 (IQR 60) versus 20 (IQR 30)]. In the treatment group, patients had a mean olfactory score of 10 (IQR 15) at initial control. At the 20-day control, a significant im-provement in the olfactory scores, compared to the baseline, was detected [70 (IQR 40) versus 10 (IQR 15)]. Olfactory function further improved at 40 days [median score 90 (IQR 50)]. Patients in the treatment group reported significantly higher improvements of the olfactory scores than the controls at both the 20-day [40 (IQR 45) versus 10 (IQR 15)] and 40-day [60 (IQR 40) versus 30 (IQR 25)] evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, the mix of drugs including steroids could represent a useful specific therapy to reduce the prevalence of this long-term morbidity.

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Abstract MP86: Effects of Immediate Blood Pressure Reduction on Death and Major Disability in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients by History of Hypertension and Use of Antihypertensive Medications

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.mp86 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Tan Xu ◽

Yonghong Zhang ◽

Yingxian Sun ◽

Chung-Shiuan Chen ◽

Jing Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Hospital Discharge ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Recurrent Stroke ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Antihypertensive Medications ◽

History Of

Introduction: The effects of blood pressure (BP) reduction on clinical outcomes among acute stroke patient remain uncertain. Hypothesis: We tested the effects of immediate BP reduction on death and major disability at 14 days or hospital discharge and 3-month follow-up in acute ischemic stroke patients with and without a previous history of hypertension or use of antihypertensive medications. Methods: The China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CATIS) randomly assigned patients with ischemic stroke within 48 hours of onset and elevated systolic BP (SBP) to receive antihypertensive treatment (N=2,038) or to discontinue all antihypertensive medications (N=2,033) during hospitalization. Randomization was stratified by participating hospitals and use of antihypertensive medications. Study outcomes were assessed at 14 days or hospital discharge and 3-month post-treatment follow-up. The primary outcome was death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score≥3), and secondary outcomes included recurrent stroke and vascular events. Results: Mean SBP was reduced 12.7% in the treatment group and 7.2% in the control group within 24 hours after randomization (P<0.001). Mean SBP was 137.3 mmHg in the treatment group and 146.5 in the control group at day 7 after randomization (P<0.001). At 14 days or hospital discharge, the primary and secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the treatment and control groups by subgroups. At the 3-month follow-up, recurrent stroke was significantly reduced in the antihypertensive treatment group among patients with a history of hypertension (odds ratio 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.75, P=0.003) and among patients with a history of use of antihypertensive medications (odds ratio 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.84, P=0.01). All-cause mortality (odds ratio 2.84, 95% CI 1.11-7.27, P=0.03) was increased among patients without a history of hypertension. Conclusion: Immediate BP reduction lowers recurrent stroke among acute ischemic stroke patients with a previous history of hypertension or use of antihypertensive medications at 3 months. On the other hand, BP reduction increases all-cause mortality among patients without a history of hypertension.

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Comparison of Early Implant Failure Rates Between Subjects With and Without Orthodontic Treatment Before Dental Implantation

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-17-00222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34

Author(s):

Li-ching Chang ◽

I-ming Tsai

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Failure Rate ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Implant Failure ◽

Control Group ◽

Failure Rates ◽

Implant Surgery ◽

Dental Implantation ◽

And Control

The present study compared early dental implant failure rates between patients with and without orthodontic treatment before dental implantation. The data of adults who had undergone dental implantation between January 2007 and December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 124 subjects with 255 implants were divided into a treatment group (46 subjects, 85 teeth) consisting of patients who had undergone implant surgery after orthodontic treatment and a control group of patients who had not undergone preimplant orthodontic treatment. Implants that failed before permanent crown fabrication were defined as failures. No significant differences in gender or age were found between the treatment group and controls. No significant differences were found in implant failure rates in either jaw between the treatment and control groups. However, the failure rate was still higher in the treatment group (14.81%) than in the control group (3.28%) for the maxilla. Results of this study demonstrate an increased implant failure rate only in the maxilla of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment before dental implantation, especially implant surgery combined with a sinus lift procedure. Further study with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period is necessary to confirm results of the present study and identify other confounding factors.

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Patellar Maltracking Persists in Adolescent Females With Patellofemoral Pain

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967116686774 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 232596711668677 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Victor R. Carlson ◽

Barry P. Boden ◽

Aricia Shen ◽

Jennifer N. Jackson ◽

Katharine E. Alter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Pain Score ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Patellofemoral Pain ◽

Adolescent Females ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Symptom Improvement ◽

Patellar Maltracking ◽

History Of

Background: Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common conditions seen in sports medicine practices, particularly among adolescent females. However, the natural history of the underlying pathology in patellofemoral pain during puberty remains poorly understood. Purpose: The purpose of this longitudinal study is to assess changes in patellar maltracking patterns in subjects with patellofemoral pain as they mature from mid- to late adolescence. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Three-dimensional patellofemoral kinematic data were acquired during active knee extension-flexion using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in 6 girls (10 knees; mean age, 14.0 years) with clinically diagnosed patellofemoral pain. The subjects then returned as late adolescents (mean age, 18.5 years) for follow-up scanning. Three-dimensional patellofemoral kinematic parameters were evaluated across the range of motion, but comparison between time points was restricted to 10° of flexion. Participation in impact and nonimpact physical activities, pain score based on the visual analog scale, and the anterior knee pain score were also compared across initial and follow-up visits. Results: All subjects reported improved patellofemoral pain symptoms at follow-up, and one subject reported complete resolution. However, relative to the initial visit, no differences were found in patellar maltracking. There was a decrease in hours engaged in impact physical activities for all subjects at follow-up. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the natural history of patellofemoral pain in adolescent females. The relatively unchanged patellofemoral maltracking across subjects suggests that potential anatomic and kinematic abnormalities contributing to patellofemoral pain during mid-adolescence persist during skeletal maturation. Symptom improvement for these subjects did not result from a change in patellofemoral tracking, but rather from other causes.

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Abstract 65: Effects of Immediate Blood Pressure Reduction on Two-Year Mortality and Major Disability in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.65 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jiang He ◽

Yonghong Zhang ◽

Tan Xu ◽

Dali Wang ◽

Chung-Shiuan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Antihypertensive Treatment ◽

Blood Pressure Reduction ◽

Control Group ◽

Antihypertensive Medications ◽

Vascular Events

Although elevated blood pressure (BP) is very common in patients with acute ischemic stroke, the management of hypertension among them remains controversial. We tested the effect of immediate BP reduction on two-year mortality and major disability in acute ischemic stroke patients. The China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke, a randomized, single-blind, blinded end-points trial, was conducted in 4,071 patients with ischemic stroke within 48 hours of onset and elevated systolic BP (SBP). Patients were randomly assigned to receive antihypertensive treatment (n=2,038) or to discontinue all antihypertensive medications (n=2,033) during hospitalization. Post-treatment follow-ups were conducted at 3, 12, and 24 months after hospital discharge. The primary outcome was a composite of death and major disability at the two-year follow-up visit. Mean SBP was reduced by 21.8 in the treatment group and 12.7 mm Hg in the control group within 24 hours after randomization (P<0.001). Mean SBP was 137.3 mm Hg in the treatment group and 146.5 in the control group at day 7 after randomization (P<0.001). At two-year follow-up, study outcomes were obtained in 1945 (95.4%) participants in the treatment group and 1925 (94.7%) in the control group. 78.8% of the patients in the treatment group and 72.6% in the control group reported the use of antihypertensive medications (p<0.001). SBP was 138.8 mmHg in the antihypertensive treatment group and 139.7 in the control group (p=0.02). Among patients in the antihypertensive treatment group, 24.5% (476/1945) died or had a major disability, compared with 22.1% (425/1925) in the control group (odds ratio 1.14 [95% CI 0.99 to 1.33], p=0.078). Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality (1.01 [0.81, 1.25], p=0.95), recurrent stroke (0.91 [0.73, 1.13], p=0.40), and vascular events (0.97 [0.79, 1.19], p=0.76) were not statistically significant comparing the antihypertensive treatment group to the control group. The effect of antihypertensive treatment did not differ by pre-defined subgroups. In conclusion, among patients with acute ischemic stroke, BP reduction with antihypertensive medications during hospitalization did not reduce or increase the composite outcome of death and major disability over two years.

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Effectiveness of the Group Play Therapy on the Insecure Attachment and Social Skills of Orphans in Ahvaz City

International Education Studies ◽

10.5539/ies.v9n9p42 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Bahareh Mousavi ◽

Sahar Safarzadeh

Keyword(s):

Social Skills ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Play Therapy ◽

Insecure Attachment ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Play Therapy ◽

Group Play ◽

And Control

<p class="apa">This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the group play therapy on the insecure attachment and social skills of orphans in Ahvaz city. Statistical population included all orphans in Ahvaz city, of whom 30 students were selected whose scores in insecure attachment and in social skills were one standard deviation higher and one standard deviation lower than the mean, respectively and they were randomly divided into two treatment (15 persons) and control (15 persons) groups. The research tools included Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire (2000) (RADQ) and Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) questionnaire (Gresham and Elliot, 1990). This is an experimental study with pretest, posttest, and follow-up by the control group. Firstly, pretest was implemented for both groups, and then experimental intervention (play therapy) was carried out for the treatment group during 10 sessions. After the therapeutic program, the posttest and two months later follow-up were implemented. The results obtained using the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis showed that group play therapy reduces the insecure attachment and increases the social skills at P < 0.001 during the stages of posttest and follow-up in the treatment group compared to the control group. Results also indicated that there is a significant difference between posttest and follow-up of the treatment and control group in terms of the components of social skills (collaboration, assertiveness, and self-control).</p>

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Olfactory Dysfunction in β Thalassemia Major Patients Treated With Iron-Chelating Agents

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/0145561319840079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (8) ◽

pp. NP125-NP130

Author(s):

Serhan Derin ◽

Selvet Erdogan ◽

Murat Sahan ◽

Mehmet Fatih Azik ◽

Hatice Derin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chelating Agents ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Olfactory Dysfunction ◽

Facial Trauma ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

History Of ◽

And Control ◽

Iron Chelating Agents

Ocular and ophthalmological adverse effects may be seen in β-thalassemia major (BTM) patients treated with regular blood transfusions and iron-chelating agents. We hypothesized that olfactory dysfunction may be present in this population. In this study, we aimed to investigate olfactory dysfunction in patients with BTM and determine the etiological factors. A total of 43 patients with BTM were included in the study. Forty-three patients without any nasal complaints, history of facial trauma, or nasal surgery were included as the controls. All participants had nasal endoscopy. The iron-chelating agents used, their duration of use, as well as hemoglobin and ferritin levels of the BTM patients were recorded. Sniffin’ Sticks test (SST) was used to assess olfactory functions, and BTM and control groups were compared for the results. The correlations of SST scores with the other study parameters were analyzed. Eight (18.6%) of 43 patients in the BTM group had hyposmia while none of the patients in the control group had hyposmia ( P < .001). Older age, low-hemoglobin level, and longer use of deferoxamine were found to be correlated with olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory dysfunction may be seen in BTM patients treated with iron-chelating agents. The results of this study suggest that screening for olfactory function may be needed in routine follow-up of BTM patients.

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Effect of Allopurinol on Inflammatory Markers in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Asymptomatic Hyperuricaemia

Journal of Dhaka Medical College ◽

10.3329/jdmc.v26i1.33991 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 12-24

Author(s):

ASM Tanim Anwar ◽

Md Nizamuddin Chowdhury ◽

Md Nazrul Islam ◽

Parvez Iftekher Ahmed ◽

Sohely Ahmed Sweety ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Control Group ◽

Base Line

This was a hospital based prospective, interventional study which included CKD stage 3- 5 patients with higher level of uric acid (male>7mg/dl, female>6mg/dl). The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of allopurinol on inflammatory markers in patients with chronic kidney disease (stage 3-5) with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. One hundred and twenty patients were distributed in two groups. Sixty patients were placed in treatment group and sixty in control group. Purposive sampling technique was followed. In the study mean age was 49 (±9) years in treatment group and 45 (±11) years in control groups. Male were predominant in both groups. There were no significant difference in baseline characteristics between treatment group and control group (p>0.05). Sixty patients of treatment group were administered a dose of 100 mg/d of allopurinol. Follow up assessment was done at basally, at 4 months and at 8 month after starting treatment. No significant differences were seen between baseline SBP, DBP, Hb and HbA1c with 4th month and 8th month follow up in both treatment group and control group, but mean Hb was significantly decreased in control group from the baseline after 8 month. No significant change was found in case of mean ESR at 4th and 8th month in any group. But base line mean CRP was significantly reduced in treatment group and increased in control group at 4th and 8th month of follow up. Serum uric acid was decreased in treatment group while it was significantly raised from the base line at 4th month and 8th month in control group. While comparing between two groups results showed means of serum uric acid and CRP were significantly decreased in treatment group compared to control group after 8th month. There was a positive correlation between Uric Acid with CRP level after 8 month of allopurinol treatment although this finding was not statistically significant. So, allopurinol may have a protective role in CKD by decreasing serum uric acid level and reduction of inflammatory response in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3 - 5 with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.1, April, 2017, Page 12-24

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Strategic and Interactive Writing Instruction (SIWI)

ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics ◽

10.1075/itl.156.26wol ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 299-326

Author(s):

Kimberly A. Wolbers

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

American Sign Language ◽

Writing Instruction ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Interactive Writing ◽

School Students ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Univariate Analyses

This study investigates the effects of using Strategic and Interactive Writing Instruction (SIWI) with deaf, middle school students who use American Sign Language as their L1 and written English as L2. Using a pretest-posttest control group design, the research explores whether students receiving SIWI made significantly greater gains compared to those not receiving SIWI on a number of variables. There were 33 total students, 16 in the treatment group and 17 in the comparison group. The intervention lasted a total of 8 weeks, during which time the treatment group collaboratively constructed two report papers using SIWI components, and the comparison group continued with their typical literacy instruction. The pre and posttest measures were scored, according to rubrics, for evidence of primary traits, contextual language, and conventions. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and follow-up univariate analyses were statistically significant. Furthermore, effect sizes (d) were large to very large, ranging from 1.27 to 2.65, indicating SIWI to be an effective approach with deaf L2 writers.

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